2022初中教案外研版初二（下）英语第8讲：unit 4 语法篇（原卷版）.docx

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1、Unit4语法篇 _1.熟练掌握for，since在现在完成时中的应用2.掌握非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转化3.掌握现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时（3）1. for，since在现在完成时中的应用在表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时,通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,这类状语通常由for 或者 since引导。for后接一段时间，而since后多接时间点。He has been away for two years. 他已离开两年了。He has been an English teacher since last time. 自去年以来他一直是英语教师。2. 非延续性动词(又

2、叫短暂性动词、瞬间动词)与延续性动词之间的转化英语中的动词从动词延续性上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种，在现在完成时中一定要注意动词这一特征，在和表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，应将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。I have had the book for two weeks.那本书我买了两个星期了。My grandfather has been dead for two years.我的爷爷去世两年了。1) 将短暂性动词转化为：be+形容词或副词begin/startbe ongo therebe there come backbe backcome herebe hereopenbe ope

3、nclosebe closeddiebe deadmarrybe marriedfinishbe overgo to bedbe in bedleavebe awayreturnbe backget outbe outfall asleepbe asleeplose be lostfall illbe ill如：这家商店开门6个小时了。The shop has opened for 6 hours.(错误)The shop has been open for 6 hours.(正确)2) 有些短暂性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词borrowkeepput on wear/be onbeco

4、mebeget to knowknowbuyhave (own)catch a coldhave a coldreceivehavego to sleepsleep如：那本书我借了一个月了。I have borrowed that book for one month. (错误)I have kept that book for one month. (正确)3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别两种时态除结构、句式和相搭配的时间状语都不同之外，最重要的就是意义不同。虽然都发生在过去，但现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在的影响，而一般过去时与现在没有任何关系，只是描述一个发生在过去的事实而已。I

5、have seen the film . 我看过这部电影。（对现在的影响是我了解这部电影的内容）I saw the film last week. 我上星期看了这部电影。（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况）单项选择1.（2015重庆中考B卷）-Miss lin has taught us English we came to this school?A. forB. since C. before D. when2.（2015浙江杭州中考）I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old.A. wi

6、ll beB. wasC. have been D. would be3.（2015江苏南京第十八中学月考）Since 2000, Jingmen has become a new city . Everything .A. is changedB. was changedC. had changed D. has changed4.（2015云南昆明中考）-Long time no see! -Oh! Itfive years since we met last time.A. wasB. wereC. has beenD. have been5.（2015新疆乌鲁木齐中考）Mr. Brow

7、n his hometown since he the army .A. has left; joined B. has been away from; has joinedC. has been away from; joinedD. left; joined6.（2015广东中考）Lei Feng for many years , but his spirit is still encouraging us .A. diedB. has diedC. was dead D. has been dead基础演练一、选词填空(单句选词填空) 1. We have learned five le

8、ssons (since/for) the beginning of this term.2. Mrs. Liao has been in hospital (since/for) last week.3. I have stayed at my aunts (since/for) two weeks.4. Amy has had her favorite toy ( since/for) three years.5. Ive had the bear (since/for) I was a baby.二、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)1. My uncle (teach) math since

9、 1986.2. She (be) in hospital for two weeks.3. They ever (hear) of the singer.4. I (keep) the bike for one week.5. My parents (not come) back yet.巩固提高三、按要求转换句型1. The Greens have lived in Beijing since ten years ago. (对划线部分提问) the Greens in Beijing?2. I have had the bike for two years. (用since改为同义句)I

10、 have had the bike .3. I have had lunch at school. (对划线部分提问) you lunch?4. They got married three years ago. (改为同义句)They married for about three years.5. They came to this school in 2011. (改为同义句)They this school for two years.6. I have been ill for about three days. (对划线部分提问) you been ill?7. My heada

11、che started two days ago. (对划线部分提问) your headache ?四、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子) 1. 我买这辆自行车五年了。I the bike five years.2. 你像现在这样多长时间了?How long you like this?3. - 你曾经过去科学博物馆吗？- 是的，我去过。- you ever a science museum?- Yes, .4. 我们已经从我们的卧室里清扫出许多东西。We out a lot of things from our bedrooms.5. 詹姆斯自从2008年就在北京做外教。James a fore

12、ign teacher in Beijing 2008.6. 她还没有关掉那台电脑。She the computer yet.7. 从那时起，王先生就一直在这个工厂工作。 , Mr. Wang has worked in this factory.一、单项选择1. - How long have you had the bike?- . A. Two years agoB. For two years ago C. Since two years agoD. Since two years2. - Jack, I havent seen your uncle for a long time.-

13、 He Shanghai on business for two months. A. went toB. has gone toC. has been inD. has been to3. Rose came to Beijing in 2002. She here for eight years. A. was livingB. liveC. will liveD. has lived4. - Weve lived here 2001.- So youve lived here about five years. A. since; forB. for; sinceC. for; forD

14、. since; since5. - Oh, Jack, your MP4 looks nice. Is it new?- No. I it since two years ago. A. hadB. boughtC. have hadD. have bought6. She this book for nearly three weeks. A. has borrowedB. has lentC. has boughtD. has kept7. - Have you studied English for a long time?- Yes, I have studied it . A. f

15、ive years beforeB. five years ago C. for five yearsD. since five years8. - you Jeremy Shu-How Lin?- Yes. The once-nameless young man became a basketball hero suddenly. A. Did; hearB. Do; listen to C. Have; heard ofD. Have; listened to9. - Would you like to watch the three-D film Titanic with me ?- C

16、ertainly. I dont mind seeing it again although I it twice. A. sawB. was seenC. have seenD. had seen10. - When did they arrive?- They two hours ago. They here for two hours. A. arrived; have arrivedB. got; have been C. arrived; have beenD. reached; have reached二、完形填空 All over the world people enjoy s

17、ports. Sports help people to keep 1 , happy and to live 2 . People play different games in winter and summer. 3 is good for swimming. And in winter people often go skating. Some sports are very 4 and people everywhere like them. For example, football is very popular. In China, most people, men, 5 ,

18、boys and girls, like to watch football games. They often talk about them. 6 and jumping began long, long ago. But basketball and volleyball are rather 7 . People began to play them not long ago. And people are 8 new sports or games all the time. Water skiing is one of 9 . People 10 different countri

19、es may not be able to understand each other, but after a game they often become friends.1.A. healthB. busyC. healthyD. lazy2.A. longB. longerC. happyD. happily3.A. WinterB. SummerC. AutumnD. Spring4.A. boringB. difficultC. expensiveD. interesting5.A. womanB. womenC. oldD. young6.A. RunB. RunsC. Runn

20、ingD. To run7.A. newB. interestingC. popularD. old8.A. startB. playC. playingD. starting9.A. oldestB. newestC. the oldestD. the newest10.A. inB. ofC. fromD. at _ _阅读理解A When people go to the beach on vacation, many people like to eat seafood. But not everyone can enjoy it. Some people think seafood

21、tastes great, but their bodies dont like it at all. When they eat it, their skin gets red and itchy(痒的). Thats because theyre allergic(过敏的) to seafood. When someone is allergic to a food, his body doesnt see that thing as a food. It sees it as an enemy and tries to fight it. It fights by making anti

22、bodies(抗体). Sometimes, when the body fights a food, it can make a person very sick. There are some ways to deal with food allergies. One is to stop eating the food that youre allergic to, but this may be hard. People are often allergic to very healthy foods, and its hard to always avoid them. People

23、 can be allergic at different ages to different foods, like eggs, milk or peanuts(花生). If you think you might be allergic to a food, ask a doctor to have a look first.1. Some people cannot enjoy seafood, because . A. it doesnt taste goodB. it makes their skin hurt C. it gives them a headacheD. it ma

24、kes them allergic2. What does the underlined word enemy mean in Chinese? A. 伙伴B. 支持者C. 敌人D. 病人3. According to paragraphs 3-4, which of the following is TRUE? A. A good way to deal with a food allergy is not to eat that food. B. Unhealthy foods often make people allergic. C. People with skin problems

25、 often get allergic. D. Food allergies often cause people to die.4. When a person is allergic to a food, . A. it can always make the person die B. it can make the person very sick C. it can make the person very excited D. it can make the person angry5. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. O

26、ld people often have food allergies. B. Some everyday foods make people allergic. C. Most people are allergic to the same food. D. Doctors must be able to treat food allergies successfully.B Is talking on a cell phone bad for your health? It is difficult to know for sure. Some research suggests that

27、 heavy users of cell phones are at a greater risk of developing brain diseases. However, many other studies suggest there isnt any relationship between cancer and cell phone use. In fact, cell phones have only been popular since 1990s. And doctors point out that many cancers take at least 10 years t

28、o develop. They take cigarettes for example. Many years ago, people smoked a lot and didnt know the bad effect on health. Today, we know that cigarettes cause lung cancer, though it is still unknown how or why. Medical experts fear that the same thing will happen with cell phones. Are cell phones da

29、ngerous? Its really hard to answer this question. However, there is something true. Similar to microwave ovens, cell phones also give off electromagnetic radiation (电磁辐射). Over three billion people use cell phones for more than an hour a day. Cell phones get hot when they are used for a long time or

30、 being charged(充电). So holding a heat source near your brain during sleep is really bad for your health. Scientists suggest keeping electronic things, like computers and cell phones, out of bedrooms or at least six feet from your bed.6. The underlined words heavy users refer to . A. those people who

31、 use cell phones a lot B. those cell phone users who are strong C. those people who like expensive cell phones D. those people who like cell phones with big screen7. When did the cell phones start to be popular? A. Since 1980s.B. Since 1985s.C. Since 1990s.D. Since 1995s.8. Medical experts fear that

32、 cell phones . A. get hot when being charged B. have no relationship with cancers C. give off electromagnetic radiation D. will be proved to have bad effects on health9. According to scientists, wed better not put electronic things in the . A. study roomB. kitchenC. bedroomD. living room10. Whats th

33、e best title of the passage? A. Cell Phones and Health B. Where to Put Cell Phones C. What Will Happen to Cell Phones D. Cell Phones and Microwave OvensC Germs(细菌) are everywhere. You cant see them, but they are on your desk, on your computer, and even in the air! Like people, germs move around the

34、world. They fly with us on planes. When food, clothes, and other things travel around the world, germs travel, too. Some germs are safe, but some are dangerous. Germs cause illnesses like colds and the flu. Warmer Weather Brings Germs The worlds weather is changing. Cooler countries are getting warm

35、er, so insects from hot countries can move there. Some of these insects, like mosquitoes, carry dangerous germs. These germs cause headaches, fever, and can even kill people. Under Your Skin Your skin protects you from germs. It stops some germs, but not all. They can enter your body when you eat, o

36、r when you have a cut. Germs are on your hands, too. They enter your body when you touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. Fighting Germs Your immune system (免疫系统) protects you, too. When germs get inside your body, your immune system finds and kills them. Special cells(细胞) move around your body and fight

37、germs. They help you stay healthy. Other cells make antibodies. Antibodies help your body find and stop germs. What can you do to fight germs? You should wash your hands with soap and water. Soap kills many germs, and water washes them away.11. According to the text, insects . A. kill germsB. carry

38、germsC. protect germsD. love germs12. The underlined word there refers to . A. cooler countriesB. hot countries C. everywhereD. the world13. Which of the following is right according to the text? A. All germs are dangerous B. There are more germs in cold places C. Soap can kill all germs D. Germs ca

39、n get into your body14. Which can be the best title for this text? A. Germs Are EverywhereB. Weather Is Changing C. Skin Stops GermsD. Germs Are DevelopedD（浙江金华市2014年六校期中）Happiness is important for everyone. Most people want to be happy but few know how to find happiness. Money and success dont brin

40、g lasting happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. In other words, we make our own happiness.Some people believe that if they are wealthy, they will be able to do anything they want, which means happiness. On the other hand, some people believe that holding a high position in the government is happiness. In this way, you have not only money, b