unit 1 grammar.ppt

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1、GrammarPast Participle Used as Attribute and Predicativea sleeping car a smoking rooma reading room a swimming pool卧铺车厢卧铺车厢 吸烟室吸烟室阅览室阅览室 游泳池游泳池 V-ing 作定语作定语1.表示名词的作用、用途或功能。a boring speech a touching storyan exciting evening an interesting book2.表示名词的性质或特征。“令人的”a running manThe man running inthe pict

2、ure is Liu Xiang.attributeThe man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.相当于：相当于：3.表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，被修表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，被修饰的词与饰的词与v-ing之间有一种逻辑上主谓关之间有一种逻辑上主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句系，相当于一个定语从句。过过 去去 分分 词词 作作 定定 语语injured fingers 一个受伤的手指一个受伤的手指 a finger injured in the accidentspoken English 英语口语英语口语 a language spo

3、ken by many peoplewritten exercises 书面练习书面练习 a book written by Lu Xun一、过去分词所处的位置 单个过去分词做定语常放在它所修饰的名单个过去分词做定语常放在它所修饰的名词之前。词之前。过去分词短语作定语常放在它所修饰的名过去分词短语作定语常放在它所修饰的名词之后。词之后。Attention：过去分词修饰：过去分词修饰 something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those 等不等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。定代词时，要放在这些词后面。Nothing reporte

4、d(in the newspaper)interested him.Isthereanythingunsolved?ThereisnotingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.Page 5 Exercise 2Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.Preposed AttributePostpositive Attribute1.terrified people1.people terrified of2.reserved seats2.3.polluted water3.4.a crow

5、ded room 4.5.a pleased winner5.seats reserved for water polluted by a room crowded with a winner pleased with6.astonished children 7.a broken vase8.a closed door9.the tired audience10.a trapped animal二、过去分词作定语所表示的意义1.1.terrified people 受到惊吓的人们受到惊吓的人们 polluted water 被污染的水被污染的水 a closed door 关闭的门关闭的门单

6、单个个的的过过去去分分词词作作定定语语时时一一般般兼兼有有被被动动和和完完成成的意义，常作前置定语的意义，常作前置定语。注意注意：spokenspoken English English 英语口语英语口语 writtenwritten exercises exercises 书面练习书面练习 -eded作前置定语时，有时只有被动意义。作前置定语时，有时只有被动意义。fallen leaves 落叶落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳升起来的太阳 the developed countries 发达国家发达国家 a retired teacher 一名退休教师一名退休教师少少数数表表示

7、示位位移移或或状状态态改改变变的的不不及及物物动动词词的的过过去去分分词词做前置定语时只有完成的意义做前置定语时只有完成的意义2.过过去去分分词词短短语语作作后后置置定定语语，表表示示被被动动和和完完成意义成意义。eg.The books written by Lu Xun are popular鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。Well go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。He found that it came from the river pollute

8、d by the dirty water.他发现它来自被脏水污染的河里。他发现它来自被脏水污染的河里。三、过去分词作定语的语法功能过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。1.The stolen bike belongs to Jack.1.The stolen bike belongs to Jack.The bike The bike which was stolenwhich was stolen belongs to Jack.belongs to Jack.2.The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about 2.The l

9、ecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.environment protection.The lecture The lecture which was given by Professor Zhangwhich was given by Professor Zhang is is about the environment protection.about the environment protection.过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别：the the changingc

10、hanging world world the the changedchanged world world boilingboiling water water boiledboiled water water fadingfading flowers flowers faded faded flowersflowers a a developingdeveloping country country a a developeddeveloped country country（正在变化的）（正在变化的）（变化了的）（变化了的）（正在沸腾的）正在沸腾的）（已经沸腾过的）（已经沸腾过的）(正在

11、凋谢的正在凋谢的)（已经凋谢的）（已经凋谢的）(发展中的发展中的)（发达的）（发达的）a a drowningdrowning man mana a drowneddrowned man man fallingfalling leaves leaves fallenfallen leaves leaves The boy killing the dog is her brother.The boy killed by the man is her brother.快要淹死的人快要淹死的人已经淹死的人已经淹死的人正在飘落的树叶正在飘落的树叶 落叶落叶总结：总结：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动

12、。现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示状态或完成。现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示状态或完成。1.Do you know the boy _(lie)under the big tree?2.The woman _(sell)vegetables has gone.3.The wheat is watered by water _ (bring)from a pond.4.He is a leader_(respect)by the people.sellingselling lyinglying broughtbrought respectedrespectedV

13、-ing作表语One of his bad habits is smoking.His hobby is collecting wine bottles.1.表示抽象性、一般性或经常性的动作。V-ing作表语The report is interesting.Her joke is amusing.2.表示主语的某种性质或特征，这时通常可以看成adj.,通常由让人产生某种情绪或感觉的v构成。delight,disappoint,amuse,excite,worry,satisfy,etc.过去分词作表语1.1.过去分词作表语，表示主语的过去分词作表语，表示主语的感受感受或所处的状态。或所处的状

14、态。No wonder he was so excited.可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有：可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有：delighted,disappointed,upset,astonished,excited,frightened,interested,puzzled,exhausted,satisfied,inspired,surprised,pleased过去分词作表语2.许多动词的过去分词已经被许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：当作形容词使用。如：broken,disappointed,excited,moved,puzzled,pleased,surprised,l

15、ost等。等。过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 The glass is broken.The glass was broken by Tom -ed作表语主要表示动作的作表语主要表示动作的完成完成和和状态状态，相当于一个形容词；相当于一个形容词；被动语态的过去分词被动语态的过去分词动词动词意味很强意味很强,句句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。短语。.过去分词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别What he said was encouraging.We were encouraged at what he said.-ing表主动与进行，常用于表示事表主动与进行

16、，常用于表示事物的性质，汉语常翻译为物的性质，汉语常翻译为“(某事某事/物物)使人使人,令人令人”；-ed 含有被动的意思，经常用于说含有被动的意思，经常用于说明人的感觉，汉语常译为明人的感觉，汉语常译为“(某人某人)感到感到”。-ed作表语与-ing作表语的区别此类词常见的有：此类词常见的有：surprising,surprised;exciting,excited;interesting,interested;astonishing,astonished;encouraging,encouraged;disappointing,disappointed;satisfying,satisfi

17、ed;inspiring,inspired;pleasing,pleased;tiring,tired;boring,bored.Page 5 Exercise 31.He got _ about losing the money.2.The painter looked so _ after working for a whole day.tired upset infected shocked excited disappointed upsettired3.I was _ with the film I saw last night.I had expected it to be bet

18、ter.4.Everybody was _ to hear of the death of the famous film star.5.Everybody is really _ about the new Olympic stadiums(奥运场馆奥运场馆).6.His wound became _ with a new virus.disappointedshockedexcidedinfectedCompete the sentences using the right form of the Compete the sentences using the right form of

19、the Compete the sentences using the right form of the given verb.given verb.given verb.1.1.I had nothing to do.I was _(bore)and I had nothing to do.I was _(bore)and I had nothing to do.I was _(bore)and lonely.lonely.lonely.2.2.Jack looked even more _(amaze)than he Jack looked even more _(amaze)than

20、he Jack looked even more _(amaze)than he felt.felt.felt.3.3.The results were very The results were very The results were very _(disappoint)._(disappoint)._(disappoint).4.4.I was thanked by the _(satisfy)I was thanked by the _(satisfy)I was thanked by the _(satisfy)customer.customer.customer.boredbor

21、ed amazedamazed disappointingdisappointing satisfiedsatisfied汉译英汉译英1._(开水开水)2._(一个破碎的茶杯一个破碎的茶杯)3.three _(受伤的士兵受伤的士兵)4.We lived in the house _(我叔叔们修建的我叔叔们修建的).5.Any medicine _(服用服用)without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble.6.We spent two hours discussing the plan _(她制定的她制定的).boiled waterboiled

22、 watera broken cupa broken cup injured soldiersinjured soldiers built by my unclesbuilt by my uncles takentakenmade by hermade by her7.Most of the people_(被邀请参加宴会的被邀请参加宴会的)were famous scientists.8.Lessons _(易学的易学的)are soon forgotten.9.The computer center _(开办开办)last week is popular with the students

23、.invited to the partyinvited to the party easily learnedeasily learned openedopened考题练练看1.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.,did not include women players until 1912.A.first played B.to be first played C.first playing D.to be first playing解析：解析：A first played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.

24、C.现在分词作定语表示动作现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生正在发生，与修饰词是与修饰词是主谓关系主谓关系。不定式作定语表示不定式作定语表示将要发生将要发生的动作。的动作。考题练练看2.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 解析：解析：A 考查过去分词作后置定语，考查过去分词作后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间是被动关系。与所修饰的名词之间是被动关系。考题练练看3.Dont use words,expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.A.being known B.having been known C.to be known D.known解析：解析：D考题练练看4.I dont know the girl _ in the snow storm.A.to catch B.caught C.catching D.to be catching 解析：解析：B 小女孩被困在暴风雪中，小女孩被困在暴风雪中，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。所以应用过去分词作后置定语。