精品解析：2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三第一次质量数据监测（一模）英语试卷（解析版）.docx

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1、 2024年呼和浩特市高三年级第一次质量数据监测英 语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、座位号涂写在答题卡上。2.选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。3.考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑AIf you think about World Heritage Sites, you probably th

2、ink of places connected with ancient art and culture, historical buildings and monuments. And of course, many of these are on the World Heritage List (WHL) (世界遗产名录). But the WHL contains a lot of sites that are not so obvious. Lets look at a few of them.Robben Island in South AfricaThis island was u

3、sed through the centuries a s a prison, a hospital and a military base. But its probably most famous as a maximum-security prison for political prisoners in the twentieth century. Nelson Mandela was one of its most famous residents. The WHL says it represents “the victory of democracy (民主) and freed

4、om over oppression (压迫) and racism (种族主义).”Borders of France and SpainThis is an area of great natural beauty and the mountains have many interesting geological formations. But it is also an area of small farm. People there still use a type of agriculture that used to be common in mountainous areas

5、of Europe but that has almost complete disappeared in modern times.The city of Brasilia, BrazilBrasilia is a capital city that was created from nothing in 1956. The WHL calls it “a landmark in the history of town planning”. The different areas of the city and the buildings themselves were all design

6、ed at the same time carefully. Every part of the city shows the ideas of the planner and architect.Simien National Park, EthiopiaSimien National Park was one of the first sites to be listed in 1978. It is one of the highest mountainous areas in Africa, and the WHL calls it “one of the most spectacul

7、ar landscapes in the world”. It is also important for its wildlife. The population of some rare animals is getting smaller and smaller.1. Which of the following sites was listed on the WHL for its political symbol?A. Simien National Park, Ethiopia.B. Robben Island in South Africa.C. Borders of Franc

8、e and Spain.D. The city of Brasilia, Brazil.2. Which of the following sites is famous for the wonderful plan of buildings?A. Robben Island in South Africa.B. Borders of France and Spain.C. The city of Brasilia, Brazil.D. Simien National Park, Ethiopia.3. The passage mainly talks about _.A. the remai

9、ns of ancient cultures on the WHLB. the household heritage sites on the WHLC. important places of art and cultureD. some of the less well-known sites on the WHL【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四处世界遗产名录上不太出名的地点，以及这些地点的特点。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Robben Island in South Africa部分下的“But its probably most f

10、amous as a maximum-security prison for political prisoners in the twentieth century. Nelson Mandela was one of its most famous residents.(但它可能是20世纪最著名的政治犯最高安全级别的监狱)”可知，南非罗本岛是因为政治象征被列入世界遗产名录。故选B项。【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据The city of Brasilia, Brazil下的“The WHL calls ita landmark in the history of town planning(

11、世界遗产记录称它是城市规划历史上的一个里程碑)”以及“Every part of the city shows the ideas of the planner and architect.(城市的每一个部分都体现了规划者和建筑师的梦想)”可推知，巴西的巴西利亚市是因为卓越的城市规划而被列入世界遗产名录。故选C项。【3题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“But the WHL contains a lot of sites that are not so obvious. Lets look at a few of them.(但世界遗产记录上有一些不太出名的地方，让我们来看看它

12、们其中的一些)”结合下文对四处世界遗产的介绍可知，本文主要给读者介绍几处在世界遗产名录上不太出名的地点。故选D 项。BEradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution to two of her countrys problems: garbage and poverty. Its called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers:

13、 Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.Chip waters drop off their empty bags from Doritos. Lays. and other favorites at two locations in Detroit:a print shop and a clothing store. where Oleita and her volunteer hel

14、pers collect them. After they clean the chip bags in soapy hot water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together. They use padding (衬垫) and liners (衬里) from old coats to line the insides.It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags depen

15、ding on whether theyre single-serve or family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof lightweight and easy to carry around”. Oleita told the Detroit News.Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleep

16、ing bags. Sure, it would be simpler to raise the money to buy new sleeping bags. But thats only half the goal for Oleita whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life and her fellow volunteers. “We are devoted to making an impact not only

17、socially, but environmentally,”she says.And, of course, theres the symbolism of rescuing bags that would otherwise land in the trash and using them to help the homeless. Its a powerful reminder that environmental problem and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita told , “I think its time to show c

18、onnections between all of these issues.”4. What did Oleita ask the snack lovers to do with their empty chip bags?A. To turn them into sleeping bags.B. To give them away to her.C. To throw them into the trash.D. To donate them to the homeless directly.5 What do we know about the sleeping bag made by

19、Chip Bag Project?A. Its size is adjustable.B. It is only made of old coats.C. It has the function of heatingD. It is portable.6 What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. The aim of the project is more than social issues.B. Poverty results from environmental problems. C. Oleitas project ma

20、de 110 sleeping bags per month.D. Oleita started the project mainly to raise money.7. Which words can best describe Oleita?A. Hardworking and loyal.B. Talented and social.C. Responsible and creative.D. Selfless and modest.【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Eradajere Oleita建立了the Chip Bag P

21、roject，回收空薯片袋子，将其制成睡袋，送给无家可归的人，她的努力取得了一定的效果，部分缓解了垃圾和贫穷问题。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless. (

22、这位来自底特律的26岁学生和环保主义者请求当地小吃爱好者的帮助：与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐出来，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋)”可知，Oleita让零食爱好者把空薯片袋捐赠给她。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof lightweight and easy to carry around”. (其结果是一个“防水、轻便、便于携带”的睡袋)”可知，这种睡袋是便于携带的。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Since its start in 2020, t

23、he Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to raise the money to buy new sleeping bags. But thats only half the goal for Oleita whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the

24、 hope of attaining a better life and her fellow volunteers. “We are devoted to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,” she says. (自2020年启动以来，薯片袋项目已经收集了80多万个薯片袋，截至去年12月，已经制作了110个睡袋。当然，筹钱买新睡袋会更简单。但对Oleita和她的志愿者同伴们来说，这只是他们目标的一半。Oleita一家十年前从尼日利亚搬到美国，希望过上更好的生活。她说：“我们致力于不仅在社会上产生影响，而且致力于在

25、环境上产生影响。”)”可知，Oleita希望the Chip Bag Project不仅在社会上，而且在环境上产生影响，因此，该项目的目的不仅仅是解决社会问题。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution to two of her countrys problems: garbage and poverty. Its called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detr

26、oit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless. (Eradajere Oleita认为，她或许能部分解决该国的两个问题：垃圾和贫困。它被称为薯片袋计划。这位来自底特律的26岁学生和环保主义者请求当地小吃爱好者的帮助：与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐出来，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋)”可

27、知，Oleita希望能部分解决国家垃圾和贫困的问题，并且想到把空薯片袋变成无家可归者的睡袋，可推测她是有责任心且有创造力的。故选C项。CThe Asch Conformity Experiments, conducted by psychologist Solomon Asch in the 1950s, demonstrated the power of conformity. (从众) in groups and showed that even simple objective facts cannot resist the pressure of group influence. In

28、 the experiments, groups of university students were asked to participate in a perception test. In reality, all but one of the participants were “confederates”, cooperators with the experimenter who only pretended to be participants. The study was about how the remaining student would react to the b

29、ehavior of the other “participants”. The participants of the experiment were presented with a card with a simple vertical (垂直) black line on it. Then, they were given a second card with three lines of varying length labeled A. B, and C. One line on the second card was the same length as that on the

30、first, and the other two lines were obviously longer and shorter. Participants were asked to state out loud in front of each other which line, A, B, or C, matched the length of the line on the first card. In each experimental case, the confederates answered first, and the real participant was seated

31、 so that he would answer last. In some cases, the confederates answered correctly, while in others, they answered incorrectly. Asch intended to see if the real participant would be pressured to answer incorrectly in the instances when the confederates did so, or whether their belief in their own per

32、ception and correctness would outweigh the social pressure provided by the responses of the other group members. Asch found that one-third of real participants gave the same wrong answers as the confederates at least half the time. Forty percent gave some wrong answers, and only one-fourth gave corr

33、ect answers in defiance of the pressure to conform to the wrong answers provided by the group. In interviews following the trials, Asch found that for those who answered incorrectly, in conformance with the group, some believed that the answers given by the confederates were correct, some thought th

34、at they were suffering a lapse(失误) in perception when they originally had the answer different from the group, and others admitted that they knew that they had the correct answer, but conformed to the incorrect answer because they didnt want to break from the majority.8 What are the participants ask

35、ed to do in the experiment?A. Label the cards with different letters.B. Pick out two lines of the same length.C. State the reason for matching the cards.D. Identify the longest vertical black line.9. Whats paragraph 5 mainly about?A. The result of the experiment.B. The design of the experiment.C. Th

36、e purpose of the experiment.D. The procedure of the experiment.10. What does the underlined part “in defiance of” in paragraph 6 mean?A. In spite of.B. For fear of.C. In response to.D. On account of.11. Why did the real participants give a wrong answer?A. They misunderstood the question.B. They beli

37、eved their own judgment.C. They failed to resist group influence.D. They wanted to be different from others.【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了心理学家索洛蒙阿什的实验揭示了从众行为的力量，有些参与者选择错误答案是出于遵循大多数人的心理，而放弃了自己正确的判断。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“Participants were asked to state out loud in front of each other whi

38、ch line, A, B, or C, matched the length of the line on the first card. (参与者被要求在对方面前大声说出A, B或C中的哪条线与第一张卡片上的线的长度相匹配。)”可知，参与者被要求在实验中找出两条长度相同的线。故选B。【9题详解】段落大意题。根据第五段的“Asch intended to see if the real participant would be pressured to answer incorrectly in the instances when the confederates did so, or w

39、hether their belief in their own perception and correctness would outweigh the social pressure provided by the responses of the other group members. (Asch想看看真正的参与者是否会在同伴回答错误的情况下受到压力，或者他们对自己的看法和正确性的信念是否会超过其他小组成员的回答所带来的社会压力。)”可知，Asch是要通过实验来看一下参与者面对压力的反应，即本段主要讲的是实验的目的。故选C。【10题详解】短语猜测题。根据第六段的“Asch found

40、 that one-third of real participants gave the same wrong answers as the confederates at least half the time. Forty percent gave some wrong answers (Asch发现，三分之一的真实参与者 至少有一半的时间给出了与同伙相同的错误答案。40%的人给出了一些错误的答案)”可知，这是在描述受到压力影响的人给出的答案，再由only一词可知，接下来谈的应该是不顾压力影响的人给出的答案，因此，划线短语意为“无视，不顾”。故选A。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段

41、的“others admitted that they knew that they had the correct answer, but conformed to the incorrect answer because they didnt want to break from the majority (一些人承认他们知道自己有正确的答案，但因为不想与大多数人决裂而遵从了错误的答案。)”可知，真正的参与者给出了错误的答案是因为他们未能抵制群体的影响。故选C。DYoure asleep on a Saturday morning when the sound of an alarm cl

42、ock erupts from your device. You turn over to see the word SNOOZE projected in the air above your device. You reach out and touch the virtual button with your fingera slight feeling on your fingertipbefore falling back to sleep.Researchers from the University of Tsukuba in Japan are working on a tec

43、hnology that could make this possible. Led by associate professor Yoichi Ochiai, the team creates shapes in the air using a laser(激光) that releases short pulses(脉冲) of light. The high-intensity light can break down air molecules(分子), which produces short-lived spots of light. The system polishes ima

44、ges by rapidly adjusting the central point of the laser in three dimensions.A previous version of the technology used nano-second laser pulses, which have the unfortunate side effect of burning human skin. Ochiais system, named Fairy Lights, employs much shorter laser pulses that are much less dange

45、rous despite having a high peak intensity, Ochiai says. The tiny hearts, stars and fairies that the system projects are not only safe to touch, but they are sensitive to contact. In one test, the system projects a checkbox that can be filled in with your finger. “It feels like sandpaper or a mild el

46、ectric shock,” Ochiai says.Ochiai also predicts large-scale emergency monitors that could be projected high over a city to warn residents about a natural disaster or direct them toward an escape route. While the initial images were not large, Ochiai says the flexibility of the system depends on the

47、size and power of the equipment used. Large systems are currently expensive, he says, adding that technologies that draw images will likely become more achievable over the next 10 to 20 years as the multi-million-dollar price decreases.12. What is the authors purpose of writing paragraph 1?A. To des

48、cribe a scene of sleep-in.B. To promote a high-tech alarm clock.C. To explain the function of a project.D. To introduce the use of a new technology.13. What can we infer from paragraph 2? A. Images can be projected in the air.B. Shapes can be released by pulses of light.C. The system can be adjusted in three dimensions.D. Air molecules can be broken down in a short time.14. What do we know about Fairy Lights?A. It projects images safe to touch.B. It brings benefits to human skin.C. It e