(6)--1.国际经济学双语讲稿.docx

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1、批注Jl: 1.什么是国际经济学这一部分对这门课有一个大致的了解。首先明晰几个概 念，其实扼要介绍一个课程内容。批注J2:什么是国家什么是跨国家的经济行为如何学习国际经济学这些概念在上课之前我们必须明晰一下。批注J3:什么是国家？现代民族国家形成是一个渐进过程。一般来说，威斯特伐利亚条约是现代国家的起源。整个 欧洲史就是现代国家成长的历史。主权平等是国际法的基石。国家利益是现代民族国家对外行为的内在决定性因批注J4:经济全球化，国际竞争以国家利益之名愈发 激烈。如2018年之初发生的美国与欧洲、日本，中国 贸易争端，日益加剧。1. What is International EconomicP

2、lIn this part, we will build up a rough idea about the course; firstly, we will clarify the definitions and then brief the contents /kantent/ of the course.P2what a nation is, what economics/ worldwide application is and “how to study the international economics”, these definitions should be clarifi

3、ed at the beginning of the course.P3What is a modem nation-state?The formation of modern nation-state is a gradual process, step by step.Generally speaking, the treaty of Westphalia /westfeilia/ molded the shape of modern nation-state. Now looking back the European history, we find that ties Europea

4、n history together is the growth of the modern nation state-making.Sovereign /sovrm/ equality /Ikwohti; i:-/among states is a fundamental principle of international law. And SOVEREIGNTY /sovrinti/ becomes one of the basic concepts of a modern nation-state.P4 With the globalization of economy, intern

5、ational competitions under the name of national interests make the conflict intense increasingly. Such as, there is a further escalation of trade disputesbetween the United States and EU Japan and China starting at the beginning of 2018.（有视频最好）批注J5:你或许会问为什么？根据以上分析，没有超国家的中央政府，所以任何国家 可以任意设置关税壁垒。国家利益至上

6、增加了经济上的 交易成本。P5 whv?批注J6:没有人管理世界。国家利益成为一国对外行 动的决定性因索，而国家利益又是动态多变的。According to the above analysis, there is no global government beyond nations. So, a nation can put all sorts of barriers between their domestic market and the outside world. Political sovereign equality increases economic transaction

7、 costs.批注J7:以美国与古巴之间的关系 从宿敌到合作，都是国家利益的需要。P6 Nobody is in charge of the whole world.National interest is the inherent deciding factor of foreign behavior of a modern nation state, while national interests are dynamic and changeable.P7古美关系演变通过视频展示http:wwwxinhunuatcomenelish/video/2015-04/10/c 134140 1

8、29.htm批注J8:一国到国家间经济学关键问题是国家间经济行为如何进行。根据西方经济 学，资源在一国内部有效配置并完成财富积累与分配。 现在转向国际。理论上讲，国家间经济是实现资源在世界范围内的有效 配置。Form the news above, we get that the relation between the United States and Cuba is breaking ice and start cooperation.P8 Economics: From intra-nation to inter-nationThe big question is how the in

9、ternational economic activities run.According to Economics, resources will be allocated in an optimized way with free flow of factor and goods in a given nation and national wealth accumulation and distribution will be organized under a central government.Now shift our eyes from intra-nation to inte

10、r-nation.批注J9:然而，如何在世界范围内有效配置资源，如 资本、劳动、商品呢？如何判定是不是有效率的呢？如 果确保世界市场的财富能够在国家间公平分配呢？Theoretically, resources will be allotted efficiently and effectively among nations.P9How to configure /kanfiga/ resources, such as the capital, labor forces, and goods, efficiently and effectively worldwide? How to jud

11、ge if it is efficient or not? And how to ensure the wealth accumulated in the world market will be shared fairly between trading partners?批注J10:很多矛盾都是由此而生。如贸易争端增加，如中美贸易战，贸易失衡是诱因；同 时，贸易合作也很多，如“一带一路”侣议的实施：而 英国退出欧盟说明世界上出现了犯全球化趋势。批注U11:由此可见，全球范围内的资源配置由市场驱 动，包括国际贸易和投资，然而，受国家行为的影响， 如关税与非关税壁垒。我们需要构建一个新的学科体

12、系分析国际贸易和投资。PIO 插入视频贸易争端与合作；BBC关于全民公投 英国月兑欧的新闻；:Trade disputes are on the rise, such as the ongoing trade war between the U.S. and China, the Sino-US trade imbalance becomes the trigger point; at the same time, trade cooperation is on the rise too, such as the implementing “one Road and one Belt(带 路)

13、, However, the British vote to leave the European Union means that anti-globalization movement is going on in the world.Pll So we can see that the global resource allocation is driven bv market induding international trade and investment, however, is influenced bv nations, such as tariff and norvtar

14、iff barriers.批注J12:在考虑不同国家的前提下，我们将使用微观 经济学和宏观经济学的思维、工具和分析方法分析国家 间经济行为。在其后章节学习中有所体现。We need biHit a new a discipline system to analyze international trade and investment among nations.P12We will use research Microeconomic and Macroeconomic logics, Microeconomics tools, Microeconomic and Macroeconomic

15、 analytical /aenahtik(a)l/ methods to analyze inter-national economics but consider different trade countries. We will discuss this further in following批注J13:这门课的主:要内容参照西方经济学，国际经济学也分为微观部分和宏观部 分。微观部分包括国际贸易理论和国际贸易政策。贸易理论分析贸易的基础与贸易利得。贸易政策解释贸易限制的原因与效应。宏观部分包括国际收支和外汇市场以及开放条件下的 经济政策。国际收支涉及一国与其它国家间的收支，外 汇市场

16、则是一国去他国货币交易的制度体系。chapters.P13-14 What are the main contents of the course?With reference to Western Economics, we will classify international economics into two main parts, micro part and macro part.Micro part deals with international trade theory, international trade policy.Pl51ntenational trade th

17、eory analyzes the basis and the gains from trade.P16 International trade policy examines the reasons for and the of trade restrictions.批注J14:最后的开放条件下的经济涉及一国内部与 外部的关系以及国家间的相互联系与相互依存。P17 Macro part deals with the balance of payments and foreign exchange markets, and open-economy macroeconomics The bal

18、ance of payments measures a nations total receipts from and the total payments to the rest of the world, while foreign exchange markets are the institutional framework for the exchange of one national currency for others._批注J15:我们的讲述从微观到宏观一一展开。P18 Finally, oper-ecoromy macroeconomics deals with the relationship between the internal and the external sectors of the economy of a nation, and how they are interrelated or interdependent with the rest of the world economy under different international monetary systems.P19form micro to macro, we will unfold the course.