雅思英语考试经典资料汇编1：Introduction.docx

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1、CambridgePractice Tests for IELTS1Vanessa JakemanClare McDowellC AMBRIDGEUNIVERSITY PRESSPUBLISHED BY THF PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building Trumpington Street Cambridge CB2 1RP United KingdomCAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESSThe Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, United Ki

2、ngdom40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia Cambridge University Press 1996This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take p

3、lace withoutthe written permission of Cambridge University Press.First published 1996Third printing 1997Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, CambridgeISBN 0 521 49767 1 Self-Study Students BookISBN 0 521 49766 3 Set of 2 cassettesCopyrightThe law allows a reader to make a single co

4、py of part of a bookfor purposes of private study. It does not allow the copying ofentire books or the making of multiple copies of extracts. Writtenpermission for any such copying must always be obtained from thepublisher in advance.AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank the staff and students of t

5、he following institutions for their assistance in trialling these materials:Wollongong English Language Centre; Australian College of English, Sydney; Hong Kong Polytechnic; Waratah Education Centre, Sydney; International House, Queensland; Milton English Language Centre, Sydney; Oxford Academy of E

6、nglish.In addition, a number of our non-English speaking friends were kind enough to trial the materials in their early formatsThe authors and publishers are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce copyright material.Focus magazine for the extract on pp. 20-21 from A spark, a flint: ho

7、w fire lept to life; BBCWILDLIFE Magazine for the extract on pp. 24-5 from Showboat as Ark; The Guardian for the extract on pp. 28-9 from Architecture Reaching for the Sky by Ruth Coleman and for thegraphs on pp. 31 and 72; Geoff Maslen for the extract on pp. 40-41 from The Rights of the Left, publi

8、shed by Good Weekend magazine; National Geographic magazine for the extract and map on pp. 44-5 from Americas Beekeepers: Hives for Hire by Alan Mairson, National Geographic, May 1993, and for the extract on pp. 80-81 from Glass: Capturing the Dance of Light byWilliam S Ellis, National Geographic, D

9、ecember 1993; the extract on pp. 48-9 is reprinted from The Tourist Gaze, John Urry 1990, by permission of Sage Publications Ltd; The European for the extract on pp. 60-61 from Spoken Corpus Conies to Life, for the extract on pp. 64-5 fromHobbits happy as homes go underground, and for the extract on

10、 pp. 84-5 from Why some women cross the finish line ahead of men by Andrew Crisp; The Royal Zoological Society of NewSouth Wales for the extract on pp. 87-8 from an article by Hugh Possmgham in Conservation of Australias Forest Fauna; Moulmex/Swan for the extract and illustrations on pp. 94-5 fromIn

11、structions for a Moulmex Iron; Cambridge Coach Services for the extract on p. 96;International Students House for the extracts on p. 99 and p. 101 from the InternationalStudents A-Z: A guide to studying and living in London; Gore and Osment Publications for the diagram on p 51 and the extract on pp.

12、 102-3 from The Science and Technology Project Book;BBC Good Food Magazine for the extract from Space Invaders, BBC Good Food Magazine,January 1995, on which Practice Test 3, Listening, Section 4 is based; University of Westminster for the extract from Getting it right: Essential information for int

13、ernational students on whichPractice Test 4, Listening, Section 2 is based: the IELTS Reading and Listening answer sheets are reproduced by permission of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate.Photographs p. 20 The Science Photo Library/Adam Hart Davis; p. 80 (top) Image Bank; p. 8

14、0 (bottom) Damien Lovegrove.The illustration on p. 84 is reproduced by permission of Mm Cooper/The European. The drawings are by Julian Page. Maps and diagrams by HardLines.Book design by Peter Ducker MSTDThe cassette recording was produced by James Richardson at Studio AVP, LondonivIntrodutionIntro

15、ductionTO THE STUDENTAbout the bookThis book has been written for candidates preparing for the revised versionof the International English Language Testing System, known as IELTS.This is a test designed to assess the English language skills of non-Englishspeaking students seeking to study in an Engl

16、ish speaking country.Aims of the book to prepare you for the test by familiarising you with the types of textsand tasks that you will meet in the IELTS test, and the level and style oflanguage used in the test. to help you prepare for your studies at university or collegeby introducing you to the ty

17、pes of communication tasks which you arelikely to meet in English speaking study environment.Content of the bookThe book contains four complete sample IELTS tests, each comprisingListening and Speaking modules and Academic Reading and Writing modules. In addition there is one set of the General Trai

18、ning Reading and Writingmodules. (NB all candidates do the same Listening and Speaking modules.)To accompany the tests there is an answer key at the back of the book and you should refer to this after you have attempted each of the practice tests. Alsoincluded is an annotated copy of the listening t

19、apescripts with the appropriate sections highlighted to help you to check your answers. In addition, you will find one model answer for each type of writing task to guide you with yourwriting. There is a comprehensive key for the Reading and Listening sections, but if you are in any doubt about your

20、 answers, talk to a teacher or an Englishspeaking friend. Where you are required to answer in your own words, the answer must be accurate in both meaning as well as grammar in order to be scored correct.Benefits of studying for IELTSBy studying for IELTS you will not only be preparing for the test b

21、ut alsofor your future as a student in an English speaking environment. The testis designed to assess your ability to understand and produce written andspoken language in an educational context. The book makes reference tothe ways in which university study is organised in many English speakingcountr

22、ies and the types of academic tasks you will be expected to perform.1IntrodutionThese include: Reading and understanding written academic or training language Writing assignments in an appropriate style for university study or within a training context Listening to and comprehending spoken language

23、in both lecture format as well as formal and informal conversational style Speaking to colleagues and lecturers on general and given topics in formal and informal situationsDescription of the testThere are two versions of the IELTS test:Academic Modulefor students seeking entry to a university or in

24、stitution of higher education offeringdegree and diploma coursesGeneral Training Modulefor students seeking entry to a secondary school or to vocational training coursesNote: All candidates must take a test for each of the four skills: listening,reading, writing and speaking. All candidates take the

25、 same Listening andSpeaking modules but may choose between the Academic or General Training versions of the Reading and Writing sections of the test. You should seekadvice from a teacher or a student adviser if you are in any doubt aboutwhether to sit for the Academic modules or the General Training

26、 modules.The two do not carry the same weight and are not interchangeable.Test formatListening 4 sections, around 40 questions 30 minutes + transfer timeAcademic Reading 3 sections, around 40 questions 60 minutes OR General Training Reading 3 sections, around 40 questions 60 minutesAcademic Writing

27、2 tasks 60 minutes OR General Training Writing 2 tasks 60minutesSpeaking 10 to 15 minutesTotal test time 2 hours 45 minutes2IntrodutionWHAT DOES THE TEST CONSIST OF?The Listening ModuleRequirementsYou must listen to fourseparate sections and answer questions as you listen. You will hear the tape onc

28、e only.There will be between 38 and 42 questions. The test willtake about 30 minutes. There will be time to read thequestions during the test and time to transfer your answers on to the answer sheet at the end of the test.The level of difficulty of the texts and tasks increasesthrough the paper.Situ

29、ation typesThe first two sections arebased on socialsituations. There will be a conversation between two speakers and then a monologue.The second two sectionsare related to aneducational or training context. There will be a conversation with up to four speakers and alecture or talk of general academ

30、ic interest.Question typesYou will meet a variety of question types which may include: multiple choice short answer questions sentence completionnotes/summary/flowchart/table completion labelling a diagramwhich has numbered parts matchingAcademic Reading ModuleRequirementsYou must read three reading

31、 passages with a total of 1 500 to 2 500 words.There will be between 38 and 42 questions. You will have60 minutes to answer all the questions.The level of difficulty of the texts and tasks increasesthrough the paper.Types of materialMagazines, journals,textbooks andnewspapers.Topics are not discipli

32、ne specific but all are in a style appropriate andaccessible to candidates entering postgraduateand undergraduatecourses.Question typesYou will meet a variety of question types which may include: multiple choice short answer questions sentence completion notes/summary/flow chart/table completion cho

33、osing from a bank of headings identification of writers views or attitudes (Yes/No/ Not given) classification matching lists matching phrases3IntrodutionYou should spendabout 40 minutes on Task 2 and write at least 250 words.RequirementsYou must complete two writing tasks.You will have 60minutes to

34、complete both tasks.You should spendabout 20 minutes on Task 1 and write at least 150 words.ModYour writing will be assessed on your ability to: organise, present and compare data describe the stages of a process describe an object or event explain how something worksYou will also be judged on your

35、ability to: answer the question without straying from the topic write in a way which allows your reader to follow your ideas use English grammar and syntax accurately use appropriate language in terms of register, style and contentTask 2You will have to present an argument or discuss a problem.Your

36、writing will be assessed on your ability to: present the solution to a problem present and justify an opinion compare and contrast evidence and opinions evaluate and challenge ideas, evidence or an argumentYou will also be judged on your ability to: communicate an idea to the reader in an appropriat

37、e style address the problem without straying from the topic use English grammar and syntax accurately use appropriate language in terms of register, style and contentTask typesTask IYou will have to look at a diagram, a table or short piece of text and then present the information in your own words.

38、ule4IntrodutionGeneral Training Reading ModuleRequirementsYou must answer questions on three sections ofincreasing difficulty with a total of 1,500 to 2,500words.There will be between 38 and 42 questions. You will have 60 minutes to answer all the questions.The level of difficulty of the texts and t

39、asks increasesthrough the paper.Types of materialNotices, advertisements, booklets, newspapers,leaflets, timetables, books and magazine articles.Section 1Social survival retrieving factualinformationSection 2Training survival language in a trainingcontextSection 3General reading extended prose withe

40、mphasis on descriptive and instructive texts of general interestQuestion typesYou will meet a variety of question types, which may include: multiple choice short answer questions sentence completion notes/summary/flow chart/table completion choosing from a bank of headings identification of writers

41、views or attitudes (Yes/No/ Not given) classification matching lists matching phrases5IntrodutionGeneral Training Writing ModuleRequirementsYou must complete two writing tasks. You will have 60 minutes tocomplete both tasks.You should spend about 20 minutes on Task 1 and write at least 150 words.You

42、 should spend about 40 minutes on Task 2 and write at least 250 words.Task typesTask 1You will have to write a short letter in response to a given problem or situation.Your writing will be assessed on your ability to: engage in personal correspondence elicit and provide general factual information e

43、xpress needs, wants, likes and dislikes express opinionsYou will also be judged on your ability to: answer the question without straying from the topic write in a way which allows your reader to follow your ideas use English grammar and syntax accurately use appropriate language in terms of register

44、, style and contentTask 2You will have to present an argument or discuss a problem.Your writing will be assessed on your ability to: provide general factual information outline a problem and present a solution present and justify an opinionYou will also be judged on your ability to: communicate an i

45、dea to the reader in an appropriate style address the problem without straying from the topic use English grammar and syntax accurately use appropriate language in terms of register, style and content6IntrodutionThe Speaking ModuleRequirementsYou will have to talk to an examiner for about 15 minutes

46、. The interview will be recorded. It is in 5 parts:1 Introduction Basic introductions2 Extended discourse You will talk at some length about general topics of relevance or interest which will involve explanation and description.3 Elicitation You will be given a cue card which describes asituation or problem. You must ask the examiner ques- tions to obtain information.4 Speculation and attitudes You will be asked to talk about your plans or pro- posed course of study. You should demonstrate your ability to speculate or defend a point of view.5 Concl