新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案1-8单元.pdf

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1、Handouts and Key to book4 unitl-8Unit 1Active reading(1)Looking for a job after university?First,get off the sofaBackground informationThis is an article by an Education Correspondent,Alexandra Blair,published inSeptember 2008 in The Times,a long-established British quality newspaper.InEurope genera

2、lly,and inBritain in particular,for a number of years there has been a rising number of studentswho go to universityand therefore more new graduates seeking employment.However,fbr many graduatesfinding a job becameharder in 2008-2009 because the economic downturn-then a recession-meant thatmany empl

3、oyers werereducing their workforce.After their final exams,some studentsrested in the summer before looking fbr jobsand then they found that it was difficult to find employment in their field or at thelevel they wanted.Thearticle addresses the problems of such new graduates who might be stuck at hom

4、e andadvises their parentsto be there fbr their children(ie to be available if their children want to talk about theproblem or if theyneed help).The article recommends finding work in a bar or supermarket rather thansitting unemployedat home since this is more likely to lead to better employment lat

5、er.The style is partlyof a report,but alsoof a humorous comment fbr light entertainment(seen in the jokey language andproblem-solving advice toparents).Why finding a job in 2008 is so difficult fbr university graduates?Universities in Europe,particularly in Britain,have expanded greatly in the lastf

6、ifteen years(over 45%ofyoung adults now go on to higher education),so there are more graduates looking fbrjobs.This competitivesituation became a lot worse in 2008 onwards with the credit crunch and economicdepression,which meantthat there were fewer jobs available and a rise in unemployment.Thus ne

7、w graduateshave to be activeto seek a job,they need to fill in many application forms and try to get job interviews:they wont findemployment by lying on the sofa at home.Culture pointsTraditionally,in the British university system,BA and BSchonours degrees are awardedin different categories:a first

8、class degree(written using Roman numbers as I),asecond(divided into twosubcategories,written as Ilii and Ilii,which are called“a two one”and a two two),a third(written III)anda pass degree.Most people get a second.There are also ordinary degrees with moregeneral courses of studywithout these categor

9、ies.The main idea here is that there is a succession of differentgenerations orcohorts of adults who come into the workforce in North America which are givendifferent informal namesto characterize them.First,uBaby boomers were born in the great increase(the boom)of births after WorldWar II(1946-1960

10、),followed by Generation X people(born 1960-1980)who weresaid to bring newattitudes of being independent,informal,entrepreneurial,and expected to get skillsand have a career beforethem.GenerationY”or the Millenial Generation(born 1980s and 1990s andbecoming adult in the newmillenium)are now making u

11、p an increasing percentage of the workforce;they aresaid to be spoilt by dotingparents,to have structured lives,to be used to teamwork and diverse people in amulticultural society.Inthe passage,this generation is now becoming(morphing into)Generation Grunt,which is an ironic namereferring to repetit

12、ive,low status,routine or mindless work-this may be the onlywork available to somegraduates,who may have to take very ordinary jobs to get experience before they findsomething moresuitable.Grunt also refers to coarse behaviour or bad manners and to the deepsound that is made by a pig;when people“gru

13、nt“they express disgust but do not communicate with words-thismay be how the parentsof new graduates think their children communicate with them!A refers to a British type of secondary school which became popularin the 1960s.Before thatthere were academic grammar schools and more general secondary mo

14、dernschools for those who didnot pass the grammar school entrance tests,but the comprehensive schools weredesigned for all students ina social philosophy of bringing diverse students together whether they were academicor not.Those studentswho went to a comprehensive school probably felt that had to

15、study particularly hard(I worked my backsideoff)to get to university,compared to those who went to grammar schools where allstudents were academic-comprehensive students felt they had to struggle to get touniversity.This refers to a large yellow costume that someone wears which makesthe person look

16、like agiant chicken.Before he became a famous actor,Brad Pitt once dressed in such acostume when he had a jobadvertising for a restaurant called El Polio Loco(The Crazy Chicken9 in Spanish)一 the job meant that he hadto walk around the streets like a chicken to attract customers to come to the restau

17、rant.Language points1 Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year ieat well and go to theodd party,began to fade.Until now.(Para 1)The parents paid a lot of money for their sons university fees and living expenses(sothat he could eatwell)and for occasional social events-at graduation th

18、ese memories of money weremostly forgottenbecause the parents were proud.But now the parents are thinking of money againbecause the son doesnthave a job and doesnt seem to be actively seeking one.2 This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a memberof Generation Grunt.(Para 2)The d

19、istinguished son of Generation X(of the parents9 generation who worked hard,got jobs,and hadgood careers and expected their son to do the same)has changed into a member ofGeneration Grunt-hedoesnt seem to communicate much,lies around and doesnt get a job(or can only doa low status routingjob).3 I pa

20、ssed the exams,but at the interviews they accused me of being 4toodetached,and talking inlanguage that was 4too technocratic,which I didn t think possible,but obviously it is.(Para 5)He passed the entrance exams for a government post,but he was criticized in theselection interviews:They said he was

21、detached(not personally involved)and too technocratic(he used thelanguage of atechnical expert or high authority).As a new graduate he probably wanted to show hisexpertise in hislanguage so he cant understand this criticism.4 For the rest it is 9-to-56)The others who do not have a routine low status

22、 job(like stacking goods on asupermarket shelf)chill outall day(they spend their time casually relaxing-they dont look fbr work)and go topub fbr a drink in theevening.5 I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a gooduniversity(Para 6)He went to a school fbr students of all abi

23、lities(not to a special school for academicstudents)and so hehad to work very hard to enter a good university:Your means your bottom-the part of yourbody that you sit on-to is informal and it means you workvery hard indeed.6 but having worked full-time since leaving school herself,she andher husband

24、 find it tricky toadvise him on how to proceed.(Para 7)The mother has always had a full-time job(presumably the father is also workingfull-time),so she doesnot have relevant personal experience.For her,it is tricky to give advice(difficult todo).7 Carry on life as normal and don,t allow them to abus

25、e your bank accountor sap your reserve ofemotional energy.(Para 11)The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parents should live as usual.Theyshould neither let theirchildren spend the parents5 money unnecessarily,nor let theproblem take away all their energy andemotions.Sap their means use up t

26、heir store of emotional energy.8 After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into thesaddle.(Para 12)Then the parents should gently push their children firmly so that they get back intocontrol of their lives.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.Teachin

27、g tipsGo over the correct answers with Ss and ask them to explain why the other answersare wrong(Seebelow).1 Why hasnt Jack Goodwin got a job yet?(a)He doesnt have a very good degree.(No.he has a 2:1 which is considered a good degree.)(b)He refuses to apply for jobs with low salaries.(He feels he sh

28、ould get a better job after studying at university.)(c)It isnt easy to get a job in the current financial climate.(This may be true but the passage does not mention this.)(d)He prefers to stay at home and help his family.(No,he doesnt seem to be helping his family:he watches TV and talks to friends.

29、)2 How does he spend a typical day?(a)Doing a temporary job.(No,some of his friends are working in temporary jobs but he doesnt want to dothis.)(b)Watching television.(He watches TV a lot.)(c)Queuing up in the university careers service.(No,he went there once but he didnt want to queue so he walked

30、away.)(d)Preparing for the next job interview.(No.he doesnt seem to be preparing for interviews.)3 How do most of his friends spend the day?(a)They do nothing all day and go to the pub in the evening.(All except one of them do nothing except chill,then they go to the pub.)(b)They do outdoor activiti

31、es such as sailing.(No,none of them seem to do outdoor activities;there is no mention of sailing.)(c)They are forced to work by their parents.(No,only one of them has been forced out to stack shelves by his pai,ents;the othersseem to be likeJack.)(d)They do part-time jobs such as working in a bar.(N

32、o,the text mentions bar work but none of Jacks friends seem to do this work.)4 How are Jacks parents helping him?(a)By looking for jobs for him.(No,Jack has tried to get a job himself;theres nothing here about his parents helpinghim look for ajob.)(b)By paying for a trip to South America.(No.althoug

33、h he is going on a three-week trip to South America,the passage does notsay thatJacks parents have paid fbr this.)(c)By gradually making him more financially aware.(The passage does not say so explicitly,but this is the implication about the cut-offpoint after thetrip when he may be expected to pay

34、rent and contribute to the household bills.)(d)By threatening to throw him out of the house.(No,they haventhreatened to do this,but they definitely want him to work after hegets back fromhis trip.)5 What does Gael Lindenfield say about Jacks parents?(a)They have not really understood Jacks problems.

35、(No,she doesnt say this;she says they must balance being positive with not makinglife toocomfortable.This doesnt mean they havent understood Jacks problems.)(b)They have made life too comfortable for Jack.(No,she says they must balance comfort with being positive.This doesnt necessarilymean that the

36、yhave already made life too comfortable fbr Jack.)(c)The approach they have chosen is the rig h t one.(She says they have struck exactly the right note.)(d)They need help from a psychologist.(No,she doesnt say this.)6 What do Whoopi Goldberg,Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt have in common?(a)They all did

37、bar work before going to university.(No.we dont know from the passage if any of them did this.)(b)They took part in protests against nuclear power plants.(No,we dont know is any of them did this)(c)They learnt to act by dressing up as giant chickens.(No,only Brad Pitt did this.)(d)They a ll did temp

38、orary jobs a t one stage in th e ir lives.(This is right,although they all had completely different temporary jobs.)Dealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events(proceed)2 the process o

39、f changing from one situation,form or state to another3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way(detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving7 to say

40、 what happened4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words inActivity 3.It isnt easy to make the(1)from a busy university student to anunemployed young adult(2)on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show,wondering ifand how their careeris going to(3).Many people who hav

41、e experienced a long period ofinactivity like this,when(4)how they felt at the time,refer to the same strange psychological effect.As the days pass,they begin to feel(5)from any sense of pressure to go and look fbr a job,and tend to regard(6)interviews as if they were not very important.Typically,ba

42、ck at homeafter three or fouryears away,they(7)to old habits,start seeing old friends,and,in many cases,become dependentagain on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words inthe box.You may need to makeother changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school ju

43、st outside London.2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence.3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford?4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office.5 You should speak to Toby;hes an supporter of flexible working hours.6 I hurt m

44、y leg badly a couple of months ago,and it still hasnt got better completely,(healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a d e a d-e n d one with(a)exciting prospects,or?2 Is a tricky problem,or(b)easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy,do you feel,or(b)more active thanusual?4 Doe

45、s a pushy person try to,or(b)help you bylistening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy,do you want to(a)change the world,ornothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out(a)a formal,or?2 If you are in the same boat as another person,are you(a)making the same journeytogether,or

46、the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle,do you,or(b)feel a senseof satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line,do they deal with a person,or(b)in alazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about s

47、omething,are you expressing yourself：,or(b)badly?6 If you do something by all means,do you,or(b)not careabout it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle,are you encouraging them toor(b)take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone,do you,or(b)referto it quickly and then change the su

48、bject?Reading and interpreting8 Answer the questions.1 Will he ever get a job?”Who is asking this question?What mood does it express?The parents are asking this because the paragraph is addressed to parents(earlier itsays“your graduateson).The mood seems to express patience or resignation because th

49、e word ever”suggests that gettinga job will take a long tiine.2 Who describes Generation Y as rebels without a cause?Is it a fair description?This is the writers description to indicate that this generation is rebelling againstparents or society,but they have nothing particular to rebel against.Tlii

50、s doesnt seem very fair becausethe students aretrying to find work-it is just that they dont like their parents nagging them.So theyare a bit rebelliousagainst their parents,but no more than that.3 Jack“walked into the university careers service and straight back out again”.Whatdoes this suggestabou