新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案1-8单元.docx

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1、Handouts and Key to book4 unit 1-8Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaBackground informationThis is an article by an Education Correspondent, Alexandra Blair, published inSeptember 2008 in The Times, a long-established British quality newspaper. InEurop

2、e generally, and inBritain in particular, fbr a number of years there has been a rising number of students who go to universityand therefore more new graduates seeking employment. However, fbr many graduates finding a job becameharder in 2008-2009 because the economic downturn - then a recession - m

3、eant that many employers werereducing their workforce. After their final exams, some students rested in the summer before looking for jobsand then they found that it was difficult to find employment in their field or at the level they wanted. Thearticle addresses the problems of such new graduates w

4、ho might be stuck at home and advises their parentsto be there for their children (ie to be available if their children want to talk about the problem or if theyneed help). The article recommends finding work in a bar or supermarket rather than sitting unemployedat home since this is more likely to

5、lead to better employment later. The style is partly of a report, but alsoof a humorous comment for light entertainment (seen in the jokey language and problem-solving advice toparents).Why finding a job in 2008 is so difficult for university graduates?Universities in Europe, particularly in Britain

6、, have expanded greatly in the last fifteen years (over 45% ofyoung adults now go on to higher education), so there are more graduates looking for jobs. This competitivesituation became a lot worse in 2008 onwards with the credit crunch and economic depression, which meantthat there were fewer jobs

7、available and a rise in unemployment. Thus new graduates have to be activeto seek a job, they need to fill in many application forms and try to get job interviews: they wont findemployment by lying on the sofa at home.Culture pointsTraditionally, in the British university system, BA and BSc honours

8、degrees are awarded in different categories: a first class degree (written using Roman numbers as I), a second (divided into two subcategories, written as Ilii and Ilii, which are called “a two one” and “a two two”)， a third (written III) and a pass degree. Most people get a second. There are also o

9、rdinary degrees with more general courses of study without these categories.The main idea here is that there is a succession of different generations or cohorts of adults who come into the workforce in North America which are given different informal namesto characterize them. First, fctBaby boomers

10、 were born in the great increase (the boom) of births after WorldWar II (1946-1960), followed by Generation X” people (born 1960-1980) who were said to bring new attitudes of being independent, informal, entrepreneurial, and expected to get skills and have a career before them. GenerationY” or the M

11、illenial Generation” (born 1980s and 1990s and becoming adult in the new millenium) are now making up an increasing percentage of the workforce; they are said to be spoilt by doting parents, to have structured lives, to be used to teamwork and diverse people in a multicultural society. In the passag

12、e, this generation is now becoming (morphing into) Generation Grunt, which is an ironic name referring to repetitive, low status, routine or mindless work - this may be the only work available to some graduates, who may have to take very ordinary jobs to get experience before they find something mor

13、e suitable. Grunf, also refers to coarse behaviour or bad manners and to the deep sound that is made by a pig;when people grunf5 they express disgust but do not communicate with words - this may be how the parentsof new graduates think their children communicate with them!Arefers to a British type o

14、f secondary school which became popularin the 1960s. Before that there were academic grammar schools“ and more general secondary modem, schools for those who did not pass the grammar school entrance tests, but the comprehensive schools were designed for all students in a social philosophy of bringin

15、g diverse students together whether they were academic or not. Those studentswho went to a comprehensive school probably felt that had to study particularly hard (I worked my backsideoff) to get to university, compared to those who went to grammar schools where all students were academic -comprehens

16、ive students felt they had to struggle to get to university.This refers to a large yellow costume that someone wears which makes the person look like a giant chicken. Before he became a famous actor, Brad Pitt once dressed in such a costume when he had a job advertising for a restaurant called El Po

17、lio Loco (The Crazy Chicken9 in Spanish) 一 the job meant that he had to walk around the streets like a chicken to attract customers to come to the restaurant.Language points1 Those memories eat well and go to the odd party, began to fade. Until now. (Para 1) The parents paid a lot of money for their

18、 sons university fees and living expenses (so that he could eatwell) and for occasional social events - at graduation these memories of money were mostly forgottenbecause the parents were proud. But now the parents are thinking of money again because the son doesnthave a job and doesnt seem to be ac

19、tively seeking one.2 This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Grunt.(Para 2)The distinguished son of Generation X (of the parents generation who worked hard, got jobs, and had good careers and expected their son to do the same) has changed into a member of

20、Generation Grunt - he doesnt seem to communicate much, lies around and doesnt get a job (or can only do a low status routing job).3 I passed the exams, but at the interviews they accused me of being too detached* and talking in language that was 4 too technocratic , , which I didn t think possible,

21、but obviously it is. (Para 5) He passed the entrance exams for a government post, but he was criticized in the selection interviews:They said he was detached (not personally involved) and too technocratic (he used thelanguage of atechnical expert or high authority). As a new graduate he probably wan

22、ted to show his expertise in hislanguage so he cant understand this criticism.4 For the re6)The others who do not have a routine low status job (like stacking goods on a supermarket shelf) chill out all day (they spend their time casually relaxing - they dont look for work) and go to pub for a drink

23、 in the evening.5 I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a good university (Para 6)He went to a school for students of all abilities (not to a special school for academic students) and so he had to work very hard to enter a good university: Yourmeans your bottom 一the part of

24、 your body that you sit on - tois informal and it means you workvery hard indeed.6 but having worked full-time since leaving her husband find it tricky toadvise him on how to proceed. (Para 7)The mother has always had a full-time job (presumably the father is also working full-time), so she doesnot

25、have relevant personal experience. For her, it is tricky to give advice (difficult to do).7 Carry on life as normal and don9 t allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserve of emotional energy. (Para 11)The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parents should live as usual. They shou

26、ld neither let theirchildren spend the parents money unnecessarily, nor let the problem take away all their energy and emotions. Sap their means use up their store of emotional energy.8 After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle. (Para 12)Then the parents should ge

27、ntly push their children firmly so that they get back into control of their lives.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.Teaching tipsGo over the correct answers with Ss and ask them to explain why the other answers are wrong (Seebelow).1 Why hasnt Jack Goodwin got a job

28、yet?(a) He doesnt have a very good degree.(No. he has a 2:1 which is considered a good degree.)(b) He refuses to apply for jobs with low salaries.(He feels he should get a better job after studying at university.)(c) It isnt easy to get a job in the current financial climate.(This may be true but th

29、e passage does not mention this.)(d) He prefers to stay at home and help his family.(No, he doesnt seem to be helping his family: he watches TV and talks to friends.)2 How does he spend a typical day?(a) Doing a temporary job.(No, some of his friends are working in temporary jobs but he doesnt want

30、to do this.)(b) Watching television.(He watches TV a lot.)(c) Queuing up in the university careers service.(No, he went there once but he didnt want to queue so he walked away.)(d) Preparing for the next job interview.(No. he doesnt seem to be preparing for interviews.)3 How do most of his friends s

31、pend the day?(a) They do nothing all day and go to the pub in the evening.(All except one of them do nothing except chill, then they go to the pub.)(b) They do outdoor activities such as sailing.(No, none of them seem to do outdoor activities; there is no mention of sailing.)(c) They are forced to w

32、ork by their parents.(No, only one of them has been forced out to stack shelves by his pai*ents; the others seem to be likeJack.)(d) They do part-time jobs such as working in a bar.(No, the text mentions bar work but none of Jacks friends seem to do this work.)4 How are Jacks parents helping him?(a)

33、 By looking for jobs for him.(No, Jack has tried to get a job himself; theres nothing here about his parents helping him look for ajob.)(b) By paying for a trip to South America.(No, although he is going on a three-week trip to South America, the passage does not say thatJacks parents have paid for

34、this.)(c) By gradually making him more financially aware.(The passage does not say so explicitly, but this is the implication about the cut-off point after thetrip when he may be expected to pay rent and contribute to the household bills.)(d) By threatening to throw him out of the house.(No, they ha

35、vent threatened to do this, but they definitely want him to work after he gets back fromhis trip.)5 What does Gael Lindenfield say about Jacks parents?(a) They have not really understood Jacks problems.(No, she doesnt say this; she says they must balance being positive with not making life toocomfor

36、table. This doesnt mean they havent understood Jacks problems.)(b) They have made life too comfortable for Jack.(No, she says they must balance comfort with being positive. This doesnt necessarily mean that theyhave already made life too comfortable for Jack.)(c) The approach they have chosen is the

37、 right one.(She says they have struck exactly the right note.)(d) They need help from a psychologist.(No, she doesnt say this.)6 What do Whoopi Goldberg, Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt have in common?(a) They all did bar work before going to university.(No. we dont know from the passage if any of them d

38、id this.)(b) They took part in protests against nuclear power plants.(No, we dont know is any of them did this)(c) They learnt to act by dressing up as giant chickens.(No, only Brad Pitt did this.)(d) They all did temporary jobs at one stage in their lives.(This is right, although they all had compl

39、etely different temporary jobs.)Dealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another3 not feeling involved with

40、someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving7 to say what happened4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words inActiv

41、ity 3.It isnt easy to make the (1)from a busy university student to anunemployed young adult(2)on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering ifand how their careeris going to (3) Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when(4)how they felt at t

42、he time, refer to the same strange psychological effect.As the days pass, they begin to feel (5)from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job,and tend to regard(6)interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at homeafter three or fouryears away, they (7) to old habits, start

43、seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words inthe box. You may need to makeother changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London.2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to

44、see my driving licence.3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford?4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office.5 You should speak to Toby; hes an supporter of flexible working hours.6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasnt got be

45、tter completely, (healed)7 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-endone with (a) exciting prospects, or?2 Is a tricky problem, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel , or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to, or(b) help you bylistening t

46、o what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or ?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of s；i pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or

47、the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you,or (b) feel a senseof satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person,or (b) in alazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note a

48、bout something, are you expressing yourself , or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you i , or (b) not careabout it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to responsibility again, or(b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you ,or (b) referto it quickly and then change the subject?Reading and interpreting9 Answer the questions.1 Will he ever get a job?” Who is asking this que