新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案内容详解解与答案.pdf

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1、综合教程 4 课后答案Handouts and Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Unit 1Active reading (1)Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaLooking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaBackground informationBackground informationAbout the passage: This is an article by an Ed

2、ucation Correspondent,Alexandra Blair, published inSeptember 2008 in The Times , a long-established British quality newspaper.In Europe generally, and inBritain in particular, for a number of years there has been a rising numberof students who go to universityand therefore more new graduates seeking

3、 employment. However, for manygraduates finding a job becameharder in 20082009 because the economic downturn then a recession meant that many employers werereducing their workforce. After theirfinal exams, some students rested in the summer before looking for jobsand then they found that it was diff

4、icult to find employment in their fieldor at the level they wanted. Thearticle addresses the problems of such new graduates who might be stuckat home and advises their parentsto be there for their children (ie to be available if their children wantto talk about the problem or if theyneed help). The

5、article recommends finding work in a bar or supermarketrather than sitting unemployedat home since this is more likely to lead to better employment later. Thestyle is partly of a report, but alsoof a humorous comment for light entertainment (seen in the jokey languageand problem-solving advice topar

6、ents).Why finding a job in 2008 is so difficult for university graduates?Universities in Europe, particularly in Britain, have expanded greatlyin the last fifteen years (over 45% ofyoung adults now goon to higher education), so thereare more graduateslooking for jobs. This competitivesituation becam

7、e a lot worse in 2008 onwards with the credit crunch andeconomic depression, which meantthat there were fewer jobs available and a rise in unemployment. Thus newgraduates have to be activeto seek a job, they need to fill in many application forms and try to getjob interviews: they wont findemploymen

8、t by lying on the sofa at home.Culture pointsCulture pointshonours degree:honours degree: Traditionally, in the British university system, BA andBSc honours degrees are awardedin different categories: a first class degree (written using Roman numbersas I), a second (divided into twosubcategories, wr

9、itten as IIii and IIii, which are called “a two one”and “a two two”), a third (written III) anda pass degree. Mostpeople get a second. There are also ordinary degreeswith more general courses of studywithout these categories.Generation Y and Grunt:Generation Y and Grunt: The main idea here is that t

10、here is a successionof different generations orcohorts of adults whocome into theworkforce in NorthAmerica which aregiven different informal namesto characterize them. First, “Baby boomers” were born in the greatincrease (the boom) of births after WorldWar II (19461960), followed by “Generation X” p

11、eople (born 19601980)who were said to bring newattitudes of being independent, informal, entrepreneurial, and expectedto get skills and have a career beforethem. “GenerationY” or the “Millenial Generation” (born 1980s and1990s and becoming adult in the newmillenium) are now making up an increasing p

12、ercentage of the workforce;they are said to be spoilt by dotingparents, to have structured lives, to be used to teamwork and diversepeople in a multicultural society. Inthe passage, this generation is now becoming (morphing into) GenerationGrunt, which is an ironic namereferring to repetitive, low s

13、tatus, routine or mindless work this maybe the only work available to somegraduates, who may have to take very ordinary jobs to get experience beforethey find something moresuitable. “Grunt” also refers to coarse behaviour or bad manners andto the deep sound that is made by a pig;when people “grunt”

14、 they express disgust but do not communicate withwords this may be how the parentsof new graduates think their children communicate with them!A comprehensivecomprehensive refers to a British type of secondary school which becamepopular in the1960s. Before thatthere were academic “grammar schools” an

15、d more general “secondarymodern” schools for those who didnot pass the grammar school entrance tests, but the comprehensive schoolswere designed for all students ina social philosophy of bringing diverse students together whether theywere academic or not. Those studentswho went to a comprehensive sc

16、hool probably felt that had to studyparticularly hard (I worked my backsideoff) to get touniversity, compared to those who wentto grammar schoolswhere all students were academiccomprehensive students felt they hadto struggle to get to university.Chicken suitChicken suit This refers to a large yellow

17、 costume that someone wears whichmakes the person look like agiant chicken. Before he became a famous actor, Brad Pitt once dressedin such a costume when he had a jobadvertising for a restaurant called El Pollo Loco (The Crazy Chickenin Spanish) the job meant that he hadto walk around the streets li

18、ke a chicken to attract customers to cometo the restaurant.Language pointsLanguage points1 Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eatThose memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eatwell and go to thewell and go to theodd party, began to

19、 fade. Until now. (Para 1)odd party, began to fade. Until now. (Para 1)The parents paid a lot of money for their sons university fees and livingexpenses (so that he could eatwell) and for occasional social events at graduation these memoriesof money were mostly forgottenbecause the parents were prou

20、d. But now the parents are thinking of moneyagain because the son doesnthave a job and doesnt seem to be actively seeking one.2 This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member ofThis former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member ofGeneration Grunt.Generation

21、Grunt.(Para 2)(Para 2)The distinguished son of Generation X (of the parents generation whoworked hard, got jobs, and hadgood careers and expected their son to do the same) has changed into amember of Generation Grunt hedoesnt seem to communicate much, lies around and doesnt get a job (orcan only do

22、a low status routingjob).3 I passed the exams, but at the interviews they accused me of being tooI passed the exams, but at the interviews they accused me of being toodetached and talking indetached and talking inl language that was too technocratic, which I didnt think possible, but obviouslyanguag

23、e that was too technocratic, which I didnt think possible, but obviouslyit is. (Para 5)it is. (Para 5)He passed the entrance exams for a government post, but he was criticizedin the selection interviews:They said he was detached (not personally involved) and too technocratic(he used the language of

24、atechnical expert or high authority). As a new graduate he probably wantedto show his expertise in hislanguage so he cant understand this criticism.4 For the rest it is 9-to-For the rest it is 9-to-5 “chilling” before heading to the5 “chilling” before heading to the pub. (Para 6) pub. (Para 6)The ot

25、hers who do not have a routine low status job (like stacking goodson a supermarket shelf) chill outall day (they spendtheir time casually relaxing they dont look forwork) and go to pub for a drink in theevening.5 I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a goodI went to a compr

26、ehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a gooduniversity (Para 6)university (Para 6)He went to a school for students of all abilities (not to a special schoolfor academic students) and so hehad to work very hard to enter a good university: Your backside means yourbottom the part of yourbody t

27、hat you sit on to work your backside off is informal and it meansyou work very hard indeed.6 but having worked full but having worked full-time since leaving school herself, she and her-time since leaving school herself, she and herhusband find it tricky tohusband find it tricky toadvise him on how

28、to proceed. (Para 7)advise him on how to proceed. (Para 7)The mother has alwayshad a full-timejob (presumably the fatheris alsoworking full-time), so she doesnot have relevant personal experience. For her, it is tricky to give advice(difficult to do).7 Carry on life as normal and dont alloCarry on l

29、ife as normal and dont allow them to abuse your bank account orw them to abuse your bank account orsap your reserve ofsap your reserve ofemotional energy. (Para 11)emotional energy. (Para 11)The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parents should live as usual.They should neither let theirchild

30、ren spend the parents moneyunnecessarily, nor let the problem take away all their energy andemotions. Sap theirreserve means use up their store of emotional energy.8 After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle.After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly

31、 back into the saddle.(Para 12)(Para 12)Then the parents should gently push their children firmly so that theyget back into control of their lives.Reading and understandingReading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.2 Choose the best answer to the questions.Teaching tipsGo ove

32、r the correct answers with Ss and ask them to explain why the otheranswers are wrong (Seebelow).1 Why hasnt Jack Goodwin got a job yet?(a) He doesnt have a very good degree.(No, he has a 2:1 which is considered a good degree. )(b) He refuses to apply for jobs with low salaries.(b) He refuses to appl

33、y for jobs with low salaries.(He feels he should get a better job after studying at university.)(c) It isnt easy to get a job in the current financial climate.(This may be true but the passage does not mention this.)(d) He prefers to stay at home and help his family.(No, he doesnt seem to be helping

34、 his family: he watches TV and talksto friends.)2 How does he spend a typical day?(a) Doing a temporary job.(No, some of his friends are working in temporary jobs but he doesntwant to do this.)(b) Watching television.(b) Watching television.(He watches TV a lot.)(c) Queuing up in the university care

35、ers service.(No, he went there on ce but he didnt want to queue so he walked away.)(d) Preparing for the next job interview.(No, he doesnt seem to be preparing for interviews.)3 How do most of his friends spend the day?(a) They do nothing all day and go to the pub in the evening.(a) They do nothing

36、all day and go to the pub in the evening.(All except one of them do nothing except chill, then they go to the pub.)(b) They do outdoor activities such as sailing.(No, none of them seem to do outdoor activities; there is no mention ofsailing.)(c) They are forced to work by their parents.(No, only one

37、 of them has been forced out to stack shelves by his parents;the others seem to be likeJack.)(d) They do part-time jobs such as working in a bar.(No, the text mentions bar work but none of Jacks friends seem to dothis work.)4 How are Jacks parents helping him?(a) By looking for jobs for him.(No, Jac

38、k has tried to get a job himself; theres nothing here about hisparents helping him look for ajob.)(b) By paying for a trip to South America.(No, although he is going on a three-week trip to South America, thepassage does not say thatJacks parents have paid for this.)(c) By gradually making him more

39、financially aware.(c) By gradually making him more financially aware.(The passage does not say so explicitly, but this is the implication aboutthe cut-off point after thetrip when he may be expected to pay rent and contribute to the householdbills.)(d) By threatening to throw him out of the house.(N

40、o, they havent threatened to do this, but they definitely want himto work after he gets back fromhis trip.)5 What does Gael Lindenfield say about Jacks parents?(a) They have not really understood Jacks problems.(No, she doesnt say this; she says they must balance being positive withnot making life t

41、oocomfortable. This doesnt mean they havent understood Jacksproblems.)(b) They have made life too comfortable for Jack.(No, she says they must balance comfort with being positive. This doesntnecessarily mean that theyhave already made life too comfortable for Jack.)(c) The approach they have chosen

42、is the right one.(c) The approach they have chosen is the right one.(She says they have struck exactly the right note.)(d) They need help from a psychologist.(No, she doesnt say this.)6 What do Whoopi Goldberg, Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt have in common?(a) They all did bar work before going to unive

43、rsity.(No, we dont know from the passage if any of them did this.)(b) They took part in protests against nuclear power plants.(No, we dont know is any of them did this)(c) They learnt to act by dressing up as giant chickens.(No, only Brad Pitt did this.)(d) They all did temporary jobs at one stage i

44、n their lives.(d) They all did temporary jobs at one stage in their lives.(This is right, although they all had completely different temporaryjobs.)Dealing with unfamiliar wordsDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.3 Match the words in the box with their de

45、finitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions orevents (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another(transition)3 not feeling involvedwith someone orsomething in aclose or emotionalway (detached)4 referring to something which will h

46、appen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the

47、words in Activity3.3.It isnt easy tomake the (1) transition from a busy university studentto an unemployed young adult(2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show,wondering if and how their careeris going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long periodof inac

48、tivity like this, when(4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strangepsychological effect. As the days pass,they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and lookfor a job, and tend to regard(6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically,

49、back at home after three or fouryears away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and,in many cases, become dependentagain on their parents.5 5 Replace theReplace the underlinedunderlined words withwords with thethe correct formcorrect form ofof thethe wordswords inin thethebox. Y

50、ou may need to makebox. You may need to makeother changes.other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London.(comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabe