中考阅读理解解题方法.pdf

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1、中考阅读理解解题方法第一讲中考阅读理解如何猜测生词及练习随着新课程标准的不断实施，重综合运用能力、轻语法己成为中考英语的命题趋势。阅读是英语学习中听、说、读、写四种技能之一，阅读理解能力的高低也是衡量一个人英语水平的重要标志之一。要想做好中考的阅读理解，首先要知道中考对阅读理解的要求。根据教育部制定的英语课程标准，初中毕业生应达到五级综合语言运用能力。阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下：1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义：2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料：5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用

2、简单的阅读策略获取信息；6、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上（上海的要求更高一些，30万词以上）所谓阅读能力是指视读能力、理解能力和对所读材料的评价能力。阅读理解的能力不是短期内能够培养成的，我们在最后复习的阶段，主要的是熟悉各种题型的解题方法。提高解题的正确率，得到理想的分数，下面我根据具体的实例来分析常见的阅读理解的解题方法，希望对大家有帮助。请看下面的阅读材料Happiness is for everyone.You dont need to care about those people who have beautifulhouses with large gardens

3、and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of moneyand so on.Why?Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who havecars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.In fact,happiness is always aroundyou if you put your heart into it.When you are in t

4、rouble at school,your friends will help you;when you study hard at your lessons,your parents are always taking good care of your life andyour health;when you get success,your friends will say congratulations to you;when you dosomething wrong,people around you will help you to correct it.And when you

5、 do somethinggood to others,you will feel happy,too.All these are your happiness.If you notice a bit of them,you can see that happiness is always around you.Happiness is not the same as money.It is a feeling of your heart.When you are poor,youcan also you are very happy,because you have something el

6、se that cant be bought with money.When you meet with difficulties,you can say loudly you are very happy,because you have morechances to challenge yourself.So you cannot always say you are poor and poor and you havebad luck.As the saying goes,life is like a revolving（旋转的）door.When it does,it also ope

7、ns.Ifyou take every chance you get,you can be a happy and lucky person.1.Those who have big houses may often feel.A.happy B.lonely C.free D.excited2.When you fall down in a PE class,both your teacher and your classmates will.A.laugh at you B.play jokes on youC.quarrel with you D.help you up3.What wi

8、ll your friends say to you when you make great progress?A.Oh,so do I.B.Congratulations.C.Good luck.D.Ifs just so-so.4.Which idea is NOT RIGHT according to the passage?A.People who have cars would never like to walk in the open air.B.You can get help from others when you make mistakes.C.You can still

9、 be a happy person even if you have little money.D.Happiness is always around you though difficulties come towards you.5.Which of the following is this passage about?A.Bad luck.B.Good luck.C.Happiness.D.Life.阅读理解经常会遇到生词，这些生词怎么解决呢？下面我就介绍一些猜词的技巧：1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词（如

10、 because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore 等等）表示前因后果。例如：You shouldnt have blamed him for that,for it wasnt his fault.通过 for 引出的句子所表示的原因（那不是他的错），可猜出blame的词义是 责备。2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或 or连接的同义词词组，如 happy and g a y,即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如 Man has k

11、nown something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the helpof spaceships.此句中的Venus（金星）、Mars（火星）、Jupiter（木星）均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于 行星”这一义域。通过反义词猜词，是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如 but,while,however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语,如：He isso homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根据 not at all.handsome 我们不难

12、推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。3.通过构词法猜词在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识,如前缀 un-表反义词，如 happy、unhappy,fair、unfair,importants unimportant等；后缀-ment 表名词，如 develop、development,state、statement,argue argument 等；后缀-er、-or 或-ist 表同源名词；如 calculate、calculator,visit、vis

13、itor,law,lawyer,wait、waiter,sci-ence、scientist,art artist 等，这些问题便不难解决了。4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义例如：But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there is a dry period,ordrought.从 drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought,由此可见drought意思为“久旱“，“旱灾。而 a dry period和 drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is,or,that is,i

14、n other words,be called或破折号等来表示。5.通过句法功能来推测词义例如：Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warmareas.假如pineapples和 coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples,coconuts和 bananas,oranges是同类关系，同属 fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。6.通过描述猜词描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该

15、人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例 如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat andwalks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从 彳 列句的描述中可以得知penguin是种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。总而言之，阅读理解靠的是扎实的语言基础，扎实的语言基础来自平时严格的基本功训练和长期的知识积累。只要平时刻苦用功，打下扎实的英

16、语知识基础，又掌握了较科学的解题方法做“阅读理解”题是不会太难的。下面为大家准备几篇阅读理解，仔细做过再看分析哦。When you want to go shopping,decide how much money you can spend for new clothes.Think about the kind of clothes you really need.Then look for those clothes on sale.There are labels inside all new clothes.The labels tell you how to take care o

17、f your clothes.The label for a shirt may tell you to wash it in warm water.A sweater label may tell you to washby washing in cold water.The label on a coat may say“dry clean only.1 Washing may ruin thiscoat.If you do as the directions say on the label,you can keep your clothes looking their best.Man

18、y clothes today must be dry cleaned.Dry cleaning is expensive.When buying new clothes,check to see if they will need to be dry cleaned.You will save money if you buy clothes that canbe washed.You can save money if you buy clothes that are well made.Well-made clothes last longer.They look good even a

19、fter they have been washed many times.Clothes that cost more money arenot always better made.They do not always fit（合身）better.Sometime less expensive clotheslook and fit better than more expensive clothes.l.I f you want to save money you can buy clothes t hat.A.dont fit you B.don*t last longC.need t

20、o be dry cleaned D.can be washed2.The label inside the clothes tell you.A.how to keep them looking their best B.how to save moneyC.whether they fit you or not D.where to get them dry cleaned3.The first thing for you to do before you buy clothes is.A.to look for well-made clothesC.to know how to wash

21、 themB.to see how much money you can payD.to read the labels inside them4.We learn from the reading that cheaper c l o t h e s.A.are always worse made B.must be dry cleanedC.can not be washed D.can sometimes fit you better5.The best title（标题）for the reading should be.A.Buying Less Expensive Clothes

22、B.Taking Enough Money When ShoppingC.Being a Clever Clothes Shopper D.Choosing the Labels inside New Clothes最后考生建议以下做阅读理解题基本的解题方法，希望对大家有所帮助。I.速读短文。了解短文的主旨大意，辨别文体，掌握结构。2.看题。了解考查内容，带着问题阅读材料，寻找答案。3.复读。对所选答案有针对性地寻找支撑论点的关键信息。4.核查。注意各题的答案应逻辑一致，不能自相矛盾。尽可能从文中根据，确保答案准确无误。第二讲中考阅读理解直接理解性题目解题方法及练习同学们好，我们今天要一起研究

23、的是直接理解性阅读理解题应该怎样解答，这类题的解题要点是找到问题中的关键词，根据所划的关键词到原文中找对应词：指出文章中与题中所划关键词的意思相反或相近对应词。该对应词可能与关键词相同也可能不同。对应词所在的句子或句子部分极可能包含解题信息的信息句。将该句认真阅读后，再将四个答案与此句内容对照后，就会发现有一答案的信息与信息句的信息大致相同，则该答案即为正确答案。Passage 1If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you have neverseen before,it migh

24、t be a comet（彗星）.A comet sometimes looks like a star.Like a planet,a comet has no light of its own.It shinesfrom the sunlight it reflects（反射）.Like the earth,a comet goes round the sun,but on a muchlonger path（轨道）than the earth travels.If a comet isn t a star,what is it then?Some scientists think tha

25、t a large part of a comet is water frozen into pieces of ice andmixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock.When sunshine melts（融化）the ice in the comet,great clouds of gas go trailing after it.These clouds,together with the dust,form a long tail.Many people perhaps have seen a

26、 comet.However no one knows how many comets thereare.There may be millions of comets,but only a few come close enough for us to see.An Englishman named Edmund Halley,who lived from 1656 to 1742,found out a lot aboutthe paths that comets take through the sky.Some comets move out of our sight and neve

27、r comeback.Others keep coming back at regular times.A big comet that keeps coming back was namedafter Halley because he was the one who worked out when it would come back again.Maybeyou have ever seen Halleys Comets because the last time it came close to the sun and the earthwas in the year 1986.The

28、n people all over the world were outside at night to look at it.You willprobably be able to see Halleys Comets when it comes near the earth again.l.A comet is like.A.sun B.moon C.sunlight D.the earth2.A large part of a comet is.A.water and rock B.water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with ironC.

29、ice,iron and rock dust D.only a few big pieces of rock3.Maybe many p e o p l e.A.haven t seen any comets B.have seen all cometsC.have seen a comet at daytime D.have seen a comet4.Some comets keep coming back.A.at any time B.at noon C.at regular times D.at daytime5.Halley s Comets came ba c k.A.in 19

30、90 B.in 1980 C.in 1986 D.in 1989上面的五个问题我们都可以很容易的在原文找到对应的部分，这种题实际上是最不容易出错误的，因为只要你找到了对应句，即使有个别的单词不能理解，也能够答对，下面再来试一文章，看看你的准确率哦。Passage 2A farmer had a cow.He took very good care of this cow and one day when it was ill,he wasvery worried.He telephoned the vet.What s the problem?w The vet asked him when

31、he arrived.“My cows ill,“the farmer said.I don t know whats the matter with her.She is lying downand won t eat.Shes making a strange noise.”The vet looked over the cow.Shes certainly ill,he said,and she needs to take some verystrong medicine.*He took a bottle out of his box,put two pills into his ha

32、nd and said,“Give her these.The pillsshould make her better.“How should I give them to her?”the farmer asked.The vet gave him a tube（管子）and said,HPut this tube in her mouth,then put the pills in thetube and blow.Thatll make it.The next day the vet came to the farm again.The farmer was sitting outsid

33、e his house andlooked more worried.“Hows your cow?”the vet asked.“No change,“the farmer said,and I m feeling very strange myself.v“Oh?”the vet said,Why?“I did what you said,“the farmer answered,I put the tube in the cows mouth and then puttwo pills down it.”And?the vet asked.“The cow blew first,“the

34、 farmer said.l.In the story,the vet must be.A.the farmers friend B.a milk factoryC.a hospital for cows D.a doctor for animals2.The farmer asked the vet for help when his cowA.couldnt lie down B.didnt eat the pillsC.couldnt make any noise D.was ill3.What medicine did the vet give the farmer?A.Bottle

35、of pills.B.A long tube.C.Two pills.D.A small box.4.The vet taught the farmer how.A.to blow the tubeC.to take the medicineB.to make the cow take the pillsD.to put the tube in his mouth5.Which of the following is true?A.The farmer ate the pills himself.B.The cow got better after taking the medicine.C.

36、The vet came to help farmer change the cow the next day.D.The farmer waited for the vet outside his house the next day.做这样类型的题有一种小技巧，你可以在回答问题的时候同时把答案的相应部分用笔标出来，这样的好处有两个，一是提高准确率，二是当你觉得哪个答案有可能有误差的时候可以只针对那句话和它的上下文来判断，不必阅读整篇文章。下面是两篇练习，看看你今天是否掌握了方法。Passage 3On November 18th,1908,three men went up in a ba

37、lloon.They started early in London.The headman was Auguste Gaudron,and the other two men were Tannar and Maitland.Theyhad a big balloon,and they were ready for a long way.Soon they heard the sea below them.They were carrying the usual rope,and it washanging down from the basket of the balloon.At the

38、 end of the rope they had tied a metal box.This could hold water.Or it could be empty.So they were able to change its weight.They werealso carrying some bags of sand.After the sun rose,the balloon went higher.It went up to 3,000 meters,and the air was verycold.The water in the balloon became ice.Sno

39、w fell past the men*s basket,and they could seemore snow on the ground.There was also some snow on the balloon,and that made it veryheavy.It began to go down towards the ground.The men tried to throw out some more sand;butit was hard.They tried to break the icy sand with their knives,but it was not

40、easy.The work wasslow and they were still falling;so they had to drop some whole bags of sand.One of them fellon an icy lake below and made a black hole in the ice.At last they pulled the box into the basket.It was still snowing;so they climbed to get awayfrom the snow.They rose to 5,100 meters!Ever

41、ything became icy.They were so cold that theydecided to land.They came down in Poland heavily but safely.They had traveled 1,797kilometers from London!1 .Three men flew in a ba l l oon.A.more than a century ago B.to visit PolandC.for nearly 1,800 kilometers D.to another city2.The metal box was used

42、for.A.changing weight B.carrying ropes of the basketC.keeping drinking water D.carrying the bags of sand3.When the balloon went up hi ghe r,.A.they saw the sun go downB.the temperature of the balloon began to fallC.they could see a black hole on the groundD.they made a hole in the basket with their

43、knives4.The balloon l anded.A.in a foreign country B.on a lake C.in London D.on the sea5.The three men had to land b e c a u s e.A.they were very hungry B.they had not enough sandC.they pulled the box into the basket D.they felt too coldPassage 4If you get into the forest with your friends,stay with

44、 them always.If you don t,you mayget lost.If you really get lost,this is what you should do.Sit down and stay where you are.Don*t try to find your friendslet them find you by staying in one place.There is another way to help your friends or other nearby people to find you.Give them asignal（信号）by sho

45、uting or whistling（吹 口哨）three times.Any signal given three times is acall for help.Keep up shouting or whistling always three times together.When people hear you,they willknow that you are not just making noise for fun.They will let you know that they have heardyour signal.They give you two shouts,t

46、wo whistles,or two gun-shots（枪声）.When someonegives you a signal,it is an answer to a call for help.If you don t think that you will get help before night comes,try to make a littlehouse-cover up to the holes with branches（树枝）with lots of leaves.Make yourself a soft bedwith leaves and grass.What shou

47、ld you do if you get hungry or need drinking water?You would have to leaveyour little house to look for a river.Don I just walk away.Pick off small branches and drop themas you walk so that you can find your way back.The most important thing to do when you arelost isstay in one place.l.I f you lost

48、in the forest,you s h o u l d.A.stay where you are and give signals three timesB.walk around the forest and shout so that your friends could hear youC.try to find your friends as soon as possibleD.try to get out of the forest and shout for help2.1 f you want to let people believe that you are not ju

49、st making noise for fun,you shouldA.tell people that you are lost B.keep up shouting or whistlingC.shout at the top of your voice D.shout or whistle three times3.When you hear two shouts,or whistles,or g u n s h o t s,.A.you should shout more loudly B.you can whistle three timesC.it is an answer to

50、your call for help D.you should try to run to them4.When you want to leave your place to get drinking water,you s houl d.A.just go to the riverB.find some glasses or bottles before you goC.make a fire so that you can have some teaD.leave marks so that you can find your way back5.This passage mainly