中考英语-阅读理解解题的方法和技巧.pdf

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1、中考英语阅读理解解题的方法和技巧中考英语阅读理解解题的方法和技巧一、如何获取段落的主旨和大意二、如何根据上下文猜测词义三、如何确定细节和事实中考阅读理解阅读材料题材：故事，寓言，人物，科普，政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理等体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文，新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、书信，图画，表格等具体考查的内容 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落（或短文）的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是：Which is the best title of the passage?Which of the following is th

2、is passage about?In this passage the writer tries to tell us t hat.The passage tells us t hat.This passage mainly talks about.具体考查的内容 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：Which of the following is right?Which of the following is not mentioned?Which of the following is Not True in the

3、passage?Choose the right order of this passage.From this passage we know.具体考查的内容 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：The word“_ in the passage probably means.The underlined word“It”in the passage refers to.In this story the underlined word means.Here“it”means.具体考查的内容 考查对阅读材

4、料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。此类题目主要考查的是句与句之间，短语短之间的逻辑关系，其主要提问方式是：Many visitors come to the writers city to.Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollutionb e c a u s e.Why did the writer get off the train two stopsbefore Vienna station?具体考查的内容 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理

5、解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：We can guess the writer of the letter may be a.We can infer from the text that.From the letters weve learned that ifs very toknow something about American social customs.From the story we can g u e s s.What would be h 叩 py if.?具体考查的内容 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力。其主要提问方式是：How did the write

6、r feel at Vienna station?The writer writes this text to.The writer believes t hat.The writer suggests t hat.阅读理解题的方法和苫巧 如何获取段落的主旨和大意？最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：阅读理解题的方法和茗巧 Which of the follow

7、ing do you think is the best title forthis passage?A.Animals B.Plants f /ood Chains D.Living ThingsAll living things on tne earth need other living thingstolive.Nothing Ilves alone.Most animalsand even a plant grows close togethervein a group,hers of thesame kind.Sometimes one living th 主题句 other,on

8、eeats and the other is eaten.Each ki（u ut me udts anothorkind of life in order to live,and together they form a foodchain（食物链）。Some food chains become broken up if oneof the links disappears.阅读理解题的方法和莒巧 2.主题句在段末或篇末用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。If you buy some wel

9、l-made clothes,you can save moneybecause they can last longer.They look good even after theyhave been T 品上下丫 times.Sometimes some clothes costmore mone 王趣司 Rs not mean that they are always bettermade,or they alwaVs4ijbetter.In other words,some lessexpensive clothes look K i fit better than more expe

10、nsiveclothes.Killer bees started in Brazil 1957.A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make morehoney（蜂蜜）.So he put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian bees.The bees bred（繁殖）and made a new kind of bees.But the new bees were a mistake.They didnt want tomake more honey.They wanted to attack*Th

11、en,by accident*twenty-six African beesescaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside.they will reach all over the United States.People can do nothing but wait.T J爹9日讲.吵号 已经杀死的人数和将来的状况。A.How to make more honey .K iller beesC.A foolish scientist M How to feed killer bees阅读理解题的方法和苫巧 如何根据上下文猜测词义？1）根据上

12、下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。2）运用语法知识进行语法分析。3）依靠常识和经验做出判断。评析：在这篇文章里，“letthecat。ut。fthebag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is thesame as“to tell a secret._ 例1 ：A bag is useful and the word bag is useful.Itgives us some interesting phrases（短语）.One isM to letthe cat out of the bag.1 It is the same as to tell asecret.Now w

13、hen someone lets out（泄漏）a secret,he lets the cat out of the bag.John lets the cat out of the bag means he.ess everyone know a secret B.the woman bout a cata cat in the bag D.sells the cat in the bag 例2：As they go around town,the police helppeople.Sometimes they find lost children.Theyt评析：根据文章所提供的情景，

14、如果警察看到有人在打）ple架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责rne ponce can always leu ine people wmcn way togo.They know all the streets and roads well.In the text,“put an end to”means topB.cut C.kill D.fly 例3：There is a place on our earth where hotw a ta r an rl a ta a mc m a iin iin rla r th a c rc iin ri It ic评析：从语法上看

15、，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类第物质.在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。What does the word tsteam mean in Chinese?A.自来水 B.大气 C.冰川 J)/蒸汽阅读理解题的方法和苫巧 如何确定细节和事实？(1)凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(2)干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细

16、节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。What do plants make food from?They make food fromYsunlight,water and things in the soil and airB.water,sunlight and things in the soilC.water and things in the soil and airD.water,sunlight and things in the soil 评析：这一小题考查的就是文章的细节和事实。这一细节和事实的表述在文章中可以直接找到：Plants are,fact

17、oriesn.Theymake food from sunlight,water and things in the soil and air.According to the passage,which of the following can you most possiblywatch on TV?A.You often play football with your friends after school.B Your teacher has got a cold.d姐.H.The bike in front of your house is lost.ger in the city

18、 zoo has run out and hasnt been caught.Secondly,a news story has to be interesting and unusual.People dont want to read stories about everyday life.As aresult,many stories are about some kind of danger andseem to be“bad news.(2)逻辑推断这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。(3)对作者的意图和态度的推断这一类考题大都要求

19、考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来,而往往隐含在字里行间，因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语1.B o这是一道考查细节和事实的题目.文章开头的第二句明确说明了这一点.“现在越来越多的人想潜水，为的是寻找海下世界的秘密”.2.A,这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。文章第三段开头就说明了这一事实。M During the day,there is enough light

20、.Here,under the sea,everything isblue and green.M3.C,这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。文章的第5段说明了这一问题：Besides（除 了）the cold and darkness,deep-sea animals face a thirddanger-other animals.4.A o 这是一道考查细节和事实的题目.文章的第三段有这样一句话：Whenyou have bottles of air on your back,you can stay in deep water for a longtime.背着空气瓶潜水就是scubadiving.5.D,这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。文章的第四段有这样的叙述：At about3,000 feet,there is no light at all.It is dark in the sea.Many fishes have noeyes.在3,000米的深处，一点光线都没有，很多于都没有眼睛，他们怎麽能够通 过“看”来找到路呢？