grammar (10).ppt

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1、倒装句倒装句山东省广饶县第一中学山东省广饶县第一中学 房房 亮亮知识点回顾要点详解总结反思高考演练倒装句倒装句知识点回顾知识点回顾 英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前，就叫动词在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前，就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前，叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前，叫全部倒装；如果只把助动词或情态动词放在全部倒装；如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，就叫部分倒装主语之前，就叫部分倒装。完全倒装（Full Inversion）1.用于there be句型。例如：There are many students i

2、n the classroom.2.用于“here(there,now,then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，或以out，in，up，down，away等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。例如：Out went the children.Now comes your turn.There goes the bell.Here comes the bus.注意：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。例如：Here it is.In he comes.【高考模拟实例】（05河西模拟）Look!_.A.Here comes the bus B.Here the bus comes C.The bus comes

3、 D.Here does the bus come解析：地点副词提前用全部倒装解析：地点副词提前用全部倒装 答案：答案：A3.当句首状语为表地点的介词短语时，也常引起全部倒装。当句首状语为表地点的介词短语时，也常引起全部倒装。例如：例如：From the valley came a frightening sound.South of the city lies a big steel factory.【高考实例高考实例】In the dark forests _,some large enough to hold several English towns.A.stand many lake

4、s B.lie many lakesC.many lakes lie D.many lakes stand解析：解析：lakes不可能不可能 stand,排除排除A、D两项。再由表地点的介两项。再由表地点的介词短语位于句首引起句子倒装，排除词短语位于句首引起句子倒装，排除C项。项。答案：答案：B4.表语置于句首时，倒装结构为表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语表语+系动词系动词+主语。主语。”（1）形容词）形容词+系动词系动词+主语主语Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.（2）过去分词）过去分词+系动词

5、系动词+主语主语Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.（3）介词短语）介词短语+the+主语主语Among the goods are Christmas trees,flowers,candles and toys.（4）Such置于句首时。置于句首时。如：如：Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.此句型中的此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以，多被认为是表语，

6、所以，such后的后的be动词应动词应与其后的与其后的“真正的主语真正的主语”保持一致。保持一致。如：如：Such are the facts;no one can deny them.5.用于用于so，nor，neither开头的句子，表示重复前后句部分内开头的句子，表示重复前后句部分内容，原句的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致。容，原句的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致。例如：例如：Li Wei cant answer the question.Neither can I.He has been to Beijing.So have I.6.为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或为

7、了使上下为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或为了使上下文紧密衔接时。文紧密衔接时。例如：例如：Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.部分倒装（部分倒装（Partial Inversion）1用于疑问句。用于疑问句。例如：例如：Do you speak English?2.用于省略用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句。的虚拟条件状语从句。例如：例如：Had you received your lessons,you might have

8、passed the examination.【高考实例高考实例】（95上海）上海）_ for the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films so often.A.If it is not B.Were it not C.Had it not been D.If they were not解析：从题干可知，本题考了一个省略解析：从题干可知，本题考了一个省略if的虚拟条件状语从句，从主句的虚拟条件状语从句，从主句我们知道，从句的搭配应为主语我们知道，从句的搭配应为主语+had+过去分词，过去分词，if省略，将省略，将had提前。提前。答案

9、：答案：C3.用于“形容词（名词、动词）+as（though）”引导的让步状语从句。例如：Try as he would,he might fail again.Pretty as she is,she is not clever.Child though he is,he knows a lot.注意：被提前的名词使用单数形式，且名词前不用冠词a，an，the。【高考实例】（05重庆，27）_,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A.A quiet student as he may be B.Quiet student

10、 as he may beC.Be a quiet student as he may D.Quiet as he may be a student解析：本题考查解析：本题考查as引起让步状语从句的倒装用法。这里的引起让步状语从句的倒装用法。这里的as相当于相当于though，意思四，意思四“虽然，尽管虽然，尽管”，从句中常使用倒装语序，把句中的副词，动词，从句中常使用倒装语序，把句中的副词，动词原形或作表语的名词，形容词提到原形或作表语的名词，形容词提到as之前。注意被提前的名词使用单数形之前。注意被提前的名词使用单数形式，且名词前不用冠词式，且名词前不用冠词a，an，the。A、C两项含冠

11、词两项含冠词a，排除掉；，排除掉；D项把项把作定语的作定语的quiet提前是错误的，故选提前是错误的，故选B，意为，意为“尽管他可能是个沉默寡言的尽管他可能是个沉默寡言的学生，但课下谈起喜爱的歌手，他话很多。学生，但课下谈起喜爱的歌手，他话很多。”（05广东，23）_,Carolina couldnt get the door open.A.Try as she might B.As she might try C.She might as try D.Might she as try解析：本题考查解析：本题考查as引导的让步状语从句。引导的让步状语从句。as 引导的让步状语引导的让步状语从句

12、常见结构形式是：从句常见结构形式是：n/adj/adv/v+as+主语主语+谓语谓语+主句。主句。本题意为：无论本题意为：无论Carolina怎么试，还是打不开门。怎么试，还是打不开门。答案：答案：A4.用于no soonerthan,hardlywhen和not until的句型中。例如：Not until the teacher came did he finish his homeworkNo sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang.【高考实例】（95全国，26）Not until all the fish died in the

13、river _ how serious the pollution was.A.did the villagers realize B.the villagers realize C.the villagers did realize D.didnt the villagers realize解析：not until 放在句首时，主句要倒装。答案：A.【高考模拟实例】（05黄冈模拟，9）_ to the top of the hill when it began to rain.A.Hardly had we got B.Hardly we had got C.No sooner had we

14、 got D.No sooner we had got解析：在hardlywhen句式中，刚就，所引导的句子要求倒装。答案：A.（05黄冈模拟，10）No sooner_ the thief stolen out of the house_ the policeman caught him by the collar.A.did,when B.had,then C.had,suddenly D.had,than解析：在no soonerthan句式中所引导的句子要求倒装。答案：D.5.用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,often,at n

15、o time,not only,not once,many a time等词开头的句子。例如：Little did he know who the woman was.Never shall I do this again.【高考实例】（05天津，4）They have a good knowledge of English but little_ they know about German.A.have B.did C.had D.do解析：否定词little位于句首引起句子的部分倒装，选项A、C显然不对，因为后面是know。考虑前后时态的一致，应用一般现在时，故选D。（05上海，39）N

16、ever before _ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.A.has this city been B.this city has been C.was this city D.this city was解析：never，hardly等这类否定副词置于句首时，句子用不完全倒装，由此可排除B、D项；根据句中“than it istoday”可知与现在有关，故用现在完成时。答案：A.6.Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.Only

17、 in this way can you master English.Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.注意：在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助动词来帮助构成倒装句。Only after the war learned he the sad news.Only after the war did he learn the sad news.Little knew he who the woman was.Little did he know who the woman was.（错）（错）（对）（对）（对）（对）（错）（错）on

18、ly修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。如：如：Only when did he return did we find out the truth.(错错)Only when he returned did we find out the truth.(对对)如果如果only后面的词组不是状语，则不用倒装。后面的词组不是状语，则不用倒装。例如：例如：Only Wang Liang knows this.高考实例】（05福建，32）Only after my friend came_.A.did the computer repair B.he repaired the

19、computer C.was the computer repaired D.the computer was repaired解析：only+状语放在句首，主要要倒装。因此排除B、D两项；computer与repair为被动关系应该用被动语态，所以排除A项（主动句）。答案：C（03上海，38）Only when your identity has been checked,_.A.you are allowed in B.you will be allowed in C.will you allow in D.will you be allowed解析：only修饰时间状语从句，主句应用倒装

20、语序。根据句意，you和allow之间是被动关系，所以D项正确。答案：D7用于某些表示祝愿的句子。例如：May you succeed!（三）五个重要的固定句型：1.so+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语，“也是如此”。如：They love having lots of friends;so do those with disabilities.使用特点：此句型也可写成:,and so+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语，或So+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语。如果句意不是“也是如此”，而仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和（此时so=indeed），那么，句子不可使用倒装式。比较：

21、A:I was afraid.（句中的I指的是说话者A）B:So was I(I 指的是B，此句意为：)A:I was afraid.（I指的是A）B:So you were.（有指的也是A。此句意为：）【高考实例】（05安徽，35）-Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.-_,and so did I A.So she had B.So had she C.So she did D.So did she解析：so+主语+助动词：表示承认前面的说法。A项so hehad，时态错误；D项so did she.倒装句，句意为：她也如此，此时she并不指M

22、aggie了。答案：C（05湖北，34）-Father,you promised!-Well,_.But it was you who didnt keep your word first.A.so was I B.so did I C.so I was D.so I did解析：考查so在倒装句中的用法。从题意可知应表示重复强调，故选D。so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语，则表示（前面的情况）也;so+主+be/助动词/情态动词,则表示对上面提到的情况做重复强调，而如何用动词将取决于上句的动词。答案：D（05辽宁，32）-Well,I think the rabbit is a beauti

23、ful,gentle animal which can run very fast.-_.A.So it is B.So is it C.So does it D.So it does解析：“So it is”是对上文的肯定“它的确是这样”，而“so it is”是“它也是”的意思。答案：A（97上海，28）-David has made great progress-_,and _.A.So he has;so you have B.So he has;so have you C.So has he;so have you D.So has be;so you have解析：本题既考了“的确

24、是这样”这个概念，同时也考了“也是”这个概念。前者so+主+be/助动词/情态动词，后者so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语，所以B项正确。答案：B2.neither或nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语，“也不这样”。如：Lily cant ride;neither(或nor)can Lucy.使用特点：此句型也可写成：，and neither（或nor）+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语，或Neither（或Nor）+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语。此句型中的neither（或nor）不可用so that替代，但可用not either改写。如：I have neve

25、r been abroad.So hasnt he.I have never been abroad.Neither/Nor has he.I have never been abroad.He has never/not been abroad,either.（错）（对）（对）【高考实例】（05全国，16）Mary never does any reading in the evening,_.A.so does John B.John does too C.John doesnt too D.nor does John解析：本题考查倒装用法。根据前文中never否定词的使用，淘汰A项和B项

26、。C项中虽然是否定形式但too使用不当，因此淘汰C项。当表示一种否定情况适于另一人/物时，通常使用四种形式表达，即neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+另一人/物It is/was+the same with+另一人/物；so it is/was with+另一人/物另一人/物+否定句，either。答案：D（04广西，32）-I would never come to this restaurant again.The food is terrible!-_.A.Nor am I B.Neither would I C.Same with me D.So do I解析：排除C项，

27、因无此形式；因为前一个句子为否定句，故排除D项；前一句出现了情态动词would，故选择B项。答案：B3.So+adjadv that“如此 以至于”如：So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.使用特点：在这个句型中，so引导的句子倒装，而that引导的额句子不倒装。【高考实例】（05江苏，35）_ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.A.So cur

28、ious the couple was B.So curious were the coupleC.How curious the couple were D.The couple was such curious解析：此句考查倒装句的用法。根据句子中的that及句意，排除C，so修饰形容词或副词故排除D。如果So及修饰词放在句首时，应用倒装结构，故排除A。答案：B4.Not onlybut also“不仅而且”。如：Not only will help be given to people to find jobs,but also medical treatment will be pro

29、vided for people who need it.使用特点：此句型也可写成Not onlybut或Not only.butas well的形式，但but（also）引导的句子必须用正常语序。【高考实例】（04上海，41）_snacks and drink,but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.A.Not only they brought B.Not only did they bringC.Not only brought they D.Not only t

30、hey did bring解析：not onlybut also引导并列句子时，not only后的分句要部分倒装。答案：B（02上海春）Not only_ interested in football but_ beginning to show an interest in it.A.the teacher himself is;all his students are B.the teacher himself is;are all his students C.is the teacher himself;are all his students D.is the teacher hi

31、mself;all his students are解析：Not onlybut(also)引导的句子中，not only分句要用倒装，而but（also）分句不倒装。这句话的意思是：不仅老师对足球感兴趣，学生们也可是对足球感兴趣了。答案：D5.Not until“直到才”如：Not until he returned did we have supper.使用特点：这句话可以改写成：We didnt have supper until he returned.如果Not until引导的是句子，until从句的主谓不可倒装，而只是主句需要倒装。【高考实例】（90高考题）Not until I

32、 began to work_how much time I had wasted.A.didnt realize B.did I realize C.I didnt realize D.I realize解析：Not until引导的是句子，主句需要倒装，排除C和D项。A项否定是多余的。答案：B.(四)形式倒装（Formal Inversion）形式上的倒装语法上称为前置。它的特点是，只把强调的内容提置句首，主谓并不倒装。这种的结构非常多，但有四个重要的句型需要特别留意。1.感叹句What an interesting talk they have!How interesting their

33、 talk was!使用特点：对名词（或中心词是名词）感叹时，用what引导；对形容词或副词感叹时，用how引导。2.the more the more句型The more you listen to English，the easier it becomes.使用特点：句型中的more代表的是形容词或副词的比较级，要灵活使用。如：The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.此句型中的第一个the more 引导的相当于一个条件状语从句，第二个the more 引导的相当于一个主句。所以，上面例句的意思实质就是：If you w

34、ork harder,you will make a greater progress.3.whatever,however+adj/adv引导让步状语从句的句型。如：However difficult the problem may be,we must work it out this evening.使用特点：whatever后面也可以接名词，如受many或much的修饰，则必须把whatever换成however。比较：Whatever reasons you have,you should carry out your promise.无论你有什么理由，你都应当遵守诺言。Howeve

35、r many difficulties you meet with,you should try to overcome them.无论你遇到多少困难，你应当设法而克服。However 可以改写成No matter how,而意义不变。如：上句便可改成：No matter how many difficulties you meet with,you should try to overcome them.4.as引导的让步状语从句中，必须把所强调的信息放在句首；though引导的让步状语从句中也可以这样倒装。1.倒装句分为几种？2.他们的具体分类如何？3.应注意的问题？总结反思高考演练1.S

36、o sudden _ that the enemy had no time to escape.A.did the attack B.the attack did C.was the attack D.the attack was (09 山东 27)2.Not until I came home last night _ to bed.（09四川16）A.Mum did go B.did Mum go C.went Mum D.Mum went 3.Unsatisfied _with the payment,he took the job just to get some work expe

37、rience.（09重庆33）A.though was he B.though he wasC.he was though D.was he though4.Little _ about her own safety,though she was in great danger herself.（09陕西18）Adid Rose care BRose did care CRose does care Ddoes Rose care 5.The computer was used in teaching.As a result,not only ,but students became more

38、 interested in the lessons.（09全国31）A.saved was teachers energy B.was teachers energy saved C.teachers energy was saved D.was saved teachers energy6._ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.（08江苏32）A.only if;will you B.Only if;you will C.Unless;will you D.Unless;you will7.It

39、 was announced that only when the fire was under control _ to return to their homes.（08江西31）A.the residents would be permitted B.had the residents been permittedC.would be residents be permitted D.the residents had been permitted 8.Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason,and _.（08辽宁3

40、5）A.I was neither B.neither was I C.I was either D.either was I 9.Only when I left my parents for Italy_ how much I loved them.A.I realized B.I had realized C.had I realized D.did I realize (08重庆26)10.Not until the motorbike looked almost new _repairing and cleaning it.(08陕西7)A.he stopped B.did he stop C.stopped he D.he did stop11.If Joe s wife won t go to the party,_.(07全国11)A.he will either B.neither will he C.he neither will D.either he will