教师招聘考试英语语法复习提纲：句子.doc

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1、 教师招聘考试英语语法复习提纲：句子1.句子的概念：句子用来陈述要素完整的事实，如：We are happy. Lee is learning English.也可提出一个问题，如：Are you happy？ Is he learning English？ Which university does he go to？ 也可以提出请求或发出命令，如：Lets do it！ Be nice to your brother. 还可以表示惊叹情绪，如，如：How well they can dance！ What an academic girl she is！2.句子成分：一般情况下，句子分为两

2、大部分，主语部分和谓语部分，若细分，还有宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语、状语、同位语等1)主语部分：一个句子谈论的人或事物。通常位于句首，特殊情况下可不位于句首。2)谓语部分：就是一个句子中说明主语干什么、是什么或怎么样的部分，通常位于主语后面，特殊情况下可以放在主语前面。如：One of the most well-known and well-loved types of comedy (主语部分)is called stand-up.(谓语部分：主语是什么)To find a best friend (主语部分) is difficult. (谓语部分：主语怎么样)That he had

3、struggled for a whole life for freedom (主语部分) touched us. (谓语部分：主语干什么)Here comes (谓语部分：主语干什么)the bus (主语部分).3)宾语：表示动作行为的对象的成分。下列句中的划线部分为该句中的宾语：People have always enjoyed laughing.(enjoyed 的宾语)To find a best friend is difficult.(find 的宾语)Walking a dog can be a great pleasure.(walking 的宾语)He expects t

4、o be admitted by one of the countrys top universities.(expects 的宾语)We hope that he will get better soon.(是 hope 的宾语)(注意：介词后面的一个人或事物也叫介词的宾语，具体请见词类介绍部分的介词部分。)4)定语：在一个人或事物的前面或后面限定此人或物的身份或数量或者描绘该人或物的性质特征状态的成分。下列结构中的划线部分为定语：One of the most well-known and well-loved types of comedy is called stand-up.(one

5、 的定语)the most well-known and well-loved types(types 的定语)；sleeping babies(babies 的定语)tall beautiful girls(girls 的定语)every boy(boy 的定语)a young lady to take care of the matters(lady 的定语)The man who has been walking up and down the street is thought of as being dangerous .(the man 的定语)The soldier， badly

6、 wounded in the stomach， has been taken to hospital.(the soldier 的定语)5)状语：状语分两类：(1)表示一个动作行为的各种特征的成分，如动作行为发生的频度、程度、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、伴随状况等。下列句中的划线部分为修饰动作行为的状语：We have been best friends since primary school.(have been 的时间状语)We spent some days with each other during the winter vacation in the fine a

7、rts museum.(依次是 spent 的方式、时间和地点状语)She visited the office twice every day to check that the job was done properly.(依次是 visited 的频度和目的状语)For some unknown reasons she wouldnt participate in the discussion.(wouldnt participate 的原因状语)She was so hard-working that she won the first place.(was so hard-worki

8、ng的结果状语)If you were my family， I would have told you about that without hesitation .(依次是 would have told 的条件和方式状语)Holding the handle in his hand， the old man stood on the bus.(stood 的伴随状语)She hurt my leg terribly.(hurt 的程度状语)(2)表示一个性质状态的程度或何方面的性质状态，称为程度状语和方面状语。如：This is highly dangerous.(dangerous 的

9、程度状语)America is both economically and politically powerful.(都是 powerful 的方面状语)She dressed her little daughter very beautifully.(beautifully 的程度状语)6)表语：跟在表示“成为，变得，(似乎/仍旧/证明/结果)是，闻起来/听起来/看起来/摸起来/尝起来/感觉起来”等含义的动词(这种动词叫连系动词)后面表示主语的职业身份或性质状态或具体内容的成分。下列句中的划线部分为该句的表语：She is a teacher.(主语的职业)She got so angry

10、.(主语的状态)She turns out to know quite much about the book.(主语的状态)The temperature remains / stays very high.(主语的性质)My job is to teach little kids everyday English conversations.(主语的具体内容)Her suggestion is that we should prepare now for any emergency.(主语的具体内容)7)宾语补足语：跟在宾语的后面，补充说明宾语的职业身份、性质状态或动作行为的成分。下列句中

11、的划线部分为该句的宾补：The coach will make you the most popular ever football star.(make 的宾语you 的补足语)Dont leave the water running.(leave 的宾语 the water 的补足语)The commander ordered me to send the message to the soldiers.(ordered 的宾语 me 的补足语)We noticed the bird hurt in the leg.(noticed 的宾语 the bird 的补足语)We need to

12、 keep the forces ready for war.(keep 的宾语 the forces 的补足语)8)同位语：是跟在一个人或事物后面的名词性质的结构，表示此人/事物的名称或具体身份或具体内容。同位语与和它同位的名词指称的是同一人/事物/行为。下列句中的划线部分为同位语：Beijing， the capital of China， lies in the North of the country. (Beijing 的同位语)Bruce Lee， the best-known Chinese kungfu master in America， had a great love f

13、or his nation. (Bruce Lee 的同位语)I cant stand the fact that everybody now knows my shameful past. (the fact 的同位语)3.练习指出下列划线部分属于何种句子成分：1)Advertisements are an important part of our lives.(主语，谓语)2)These ads deal with large social issues.(谓语)3)Not all ads play tricks on us.(主语，宾语，状语)4)With piles of paper

14、s to mark， the teacher would have no time to have any fun.(状语，定语)5)Remind the students of the history and significance of the Olympic Games.(定语)6)He was the highest scorer for the gold-medal-winning USA basketball team.(定语，定语)7)He was the highest scorer.(表语)8)She proves the best teacher of this scho

15、ol.(表语)9)The whole of China must have felt proud of their athletes successes in the 29th Olympics.(表语)10)Women put make-ups to make themselves look beautiful.(宾语，宾语补足语)11)The boy watched the Germans cars roaring past him.(宾语，宾语补足语)12)My father always leaves the windows open while sleeping.(状语，宾语，宾语补

16、足语)13)We are so used to them that we are often unaware of them.(主语，表语，状语)14)An advertisement uses persuasive language and exciting images to encouarge people to buy a product or service or believe in an idea.(主语，谓语，状语，宾语补足语)15)English， the worlds most widely spoken language， posed a great difficulty for the first Chinese overseas students sent to America.(同位语)文章来源：文章来源：中公青海教师考试网中公青海教师考试网 （http:/