上海市部分地区2022-2023学年高三上学期英语期末（高考一模）汇编：选词填空 含答案.docx

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1、上海市静安、宝山、嘉定、浦东、金山五区2022-2023届高三一模英语试题汇编选词填空2023届上海市静安区高三一模英语试卷Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. favor B. contained C. unseasonable D. consistencyE. shiftsF. upset G. contr

2、adictory H. air I. torn J. loosely K. stretchedThe party may actually be the last stronghold of the dress code, a tradition that is increasingly falling out of 11 everywhere, from the workplace to the school. As the power of choice 12 away from the institution and toward the individual, the idea of

3、any establishment deciding what is and is not appropriate dress, when dress is so deeply mixed with personal identity, seems increasingly 13.So why do so many hosts think a dress code is a good idea?On the one hand, it does help reduce guests confusion and insecurity about what to wear to a special

4、event. And it can help give a party a festive 14. There9s something very fun aboutfancy dresses of a theme. Also, if there are photos involved, a certain 15 in dress can create a clear visual effect for the photos.On the other hand, if the dress code is too unspecific, it only adds to the general wh

5、at-to-wear confusion, with “dress to impress being a case in point. Sometimes it involves dresses that seem16 to an individuals sense of style. Either way, you will feel 17 between pleasing your host and pleasing yourself.When I asked the designer Ulla Johnson about the issue, she admitted that she

6、demanded a dress code at her wedding: everyone in white. But she also said she wasnt 18 at all when some guests asked to be an exception to the rule.“At this point, I would say dress codes can be 19 interpreted,she said. Putting on something you dont love because it obeys a code should be off the ta

7、ble.9,In other words, a party 符合文意，表示人工智能对大数据进行分类又快又准。故选J项。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：公园管理员面临着一项不可能完成的任务，因为要覆盖的土地太多了。 分析句子,空前有不定冠词，空后为名词task“任务”,故空处需要填形容词；结合后文“because there is too much land to cover.(因为要覆盖的土地太多了。)”可知，公园覆盖的面积太大， 管理员一个人无法完成这样的挑战，所以这是一个“不可能完成的任务二K项“不可能的” 符合句意。故选K项。2023届上海市嘉定区高三上学期一模英语试题11. B 12.

8、 E 13.114. D 15. H 16. G 17. J 18. A 19. C 20. K【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了帮助八年级学生发现更宽的科学世界的一个举措Urban Advantage o【11题详解】考查名词。句意：她很兴奋，对美国自然历史博物馆的课堂参观充满期待。full of后应接名 词作宾语，根据上文 “wants to work with animals when she gets older.” 可知，Salina 非常期 待去美国自然历史博物馆，anticipation “期待”符合题意，不可数。故选B。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：Salina是纽约公立学

9、校数千名八年级学生中的一员，他们的科学教育将因 学校与该市七所以科学为导向的机构之间的新伙伴关系而得到提高。冠词a(n)后接单数名词 作 give 的宾语， 根据下文 “a new partnership between the schools and seven of the citys science-oriented institutions.v可知，他们的科学教育将因为学校与其他机构的合作而提高， boost “提高”符合题意，常用单数形式。故选E。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：该项目名为Urban Advantage,旨在为教师提供专业发展和资源，促进班 级和个人博物馆参观，最终帮助

10、八年级学生完成毕业所需的科学项目。空处应填省略t。的 不定式和上文to provide以及下文(to) help并列作aims的宾语，结合句意，此处是促进班级 和个人博物馆参观(率)，facilitate “促进”符合题意。故选I。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：自然历史博物馆正在领导这一举措。冠词the后接名词作lead的宾语，根 据上文The program, called Urban Advantagen 可知，此处指领导该举措，initiative ”方案， 举措”符合题意，特指上文提到的那个方案，故用其单数形式。且下文“Its very hard to get a new initia

11、tive going” 也是提示。故选 Do【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：英国国家历史博物馆的Ellen V.Futter说：“这个项目背后的真正推动力 是科学教育的危机，科学教育是学生学习和成长不可或缺的一部分J空处应填形容词，修 饰名词part,结合常识可知，科学教育是学生学习和成长不可或缺的一部分，integral 必需 的，不可或缺的”符合题意。故选H。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：其中最常被提及的原因是教师教育项目的不足和教学资源的缺乏。空处 应填形容词，修饰名词reasons,结合句意，此处指常常被提到的原因，cited 被提及的” 符合题意。故选G。【17题详解】考查动词。句

12、意通常，科学课是关于记忆事实的，并没有反映使用科学方法和工具观察和分 析自然现象的真正令人兴奋的过程。does not后接动词原形，根据“the science class is about memorizing facts可知，科学课并没有反映使用科学的方法和工具来观察和分析自然现象的 正真令人兴奋的过程，mirror “反映”符合题意。故选J。【18题详解】考查动词。句意：因此，我们的孩子中很少有人受到激励，去从事关键科学领域的学习或职 业。结合上文科学课只是关于记忆事实，因此很少有学生受到激励而去从事科关键科学邻域 的学习或职业，stimulate “激励”符合题意，和主语childre

13、n是被动关系，故用其过去分词 与are构成被动语态。故选A。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：市议会授权发展Urban Advantage,提供了超过100万美元的资金。根据 “The City Council”可知，此处是指市议会授权发展Urban Advantage, empower “授权”符合题意，此处用其现在分词和was构成过去进行时。故选C。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：启动一个新项目非常困难，但我们做到了，因为每个人都相信有帮助的 科学教育的重要性。空处应填形容词修饰名词词组science education,结合上文Urban Advantage的目的是“为教师提供专业发展和资源

14、，促进班级和个人博物馆参观，最终帮助 八年级学生完成毕业所需的科学项目。因此这样的科学课是有帮助的，instrumental “有帮 助的”符合题意。故选K。上海市浦东新区2022-2023学年高三上学期期末教学质量检测英语试卷（一模）31. J 32. A33. H34. C35. K36.137. E38. F39. G40. D【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者主要论述了自己对于成人菜单和儿童菜单价格不同的看法以 及背后的经济原理。31题详解】考查形容词。句意：通常情况下，菜单非常相似，都是同样的意大利面和番茄酱。作表语， 结合句意表示“相似的”应用形容词similar。故填similar。故

15、选J。32题详解】考查动词。 句意：毕竟，我是根据成人菜单来估算意大利面的成本的，而不是根据制作领结面并配上红 酱的实际成本。根据句意表示“根据”可知短语为be based on,省略be动词，用过去分词 作定语。故填based。故选A。【33题详解】考查名词。句意：我错误的推理是锚定的产物，这是一种认知偏见，会削弱我们的批判性思 维。作主语，结合句意表示“推理”应用名词reasoning。故填reasoning。故选H。【34题详解】考查形容词。句意：根据研究人员的说法，锚定是指人们依靠无关但容易获得的事实来做出 判断。作定语修饰名词facts,结合句意表示“无关的”应用形容词irrelev

16、ant。故填irrelevant0 故选Co【35题详解】考查形容词。句意：我们的头脑过于看重影响我们随后想法的最初印象或数字。作定语修饰 名词thoughts,结合句意表示“随后的”应用形容词subsequent。故填subsequent。故选K。 【36题详解】考查动词。句意：就我而言，成人菜单上的价格决定了我对儿童菜单上商品价值的判断。作 谓语，一般过去时，结合句意表示“决定”应用动词shaped,故填shaped。故选I。【37题详解】考查动词。句意：研究表明，无论锚定与实际决策之间的联系有多弱，锚定效应都会持续存 在。作从句谓语，结合句意表示“存在，应用动词persist。为一般现在

17、时。主语为anchoring effects,谓语用原形。故填persist。故选E。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：特别是，最近的一项研究表明，锚定在金融界比以前认为的要普遍得多， 大量的锚定效应影响着股票市场的表现。修饰动词believe,结合句意表示“以前”应用副 词previously作状语。故填previously o故选F。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：因此，如果两家公司的财务状况相同，除了 X公司的股票比Y公司的股 票少，而且价格更高，那么从长期来看，X公司的股票比Y公司的股票卖得更好。作宾语, 结合句意表示“状况”应用名词profile。故填profile。故选G。【40题详解】

18、考查形容词。句意：锚定现象表明，虽然我们认为自己是理性的、有逻辑的存在，但不相关 的细节会对我们的推理产生巨大的影响。作定语修饰名词influence,结合句意表示“巨大 的”应用形容词outsized。故填outsized。故选D。2023届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试卷11. J12. A13. E14. B15. D16.117. H18. C19. G20. F【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了乐高目前在可持续材料制造上获得的成就和未来 的计划。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：这家丹麦玩具制造商展示了一款由回收塑料制成的积木原型。分析句子 结构可知，此处需要形容词做定语，修饰空

19、后的plastic,此处表达是“可回收塑料制造”之 意，recycled 回收利用的”符合题意。故选J项。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：乐高在一份新闻稿中表示，来自废弃瓶子的PET塑料构成了满足该公 司“严格的质量和安全要求”的第一块砖。分析句子结构可知，此处需要形容词做定语，修 饰空后的bottles, abandoned “被遗弃的”符合题意。故选A项。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：该公司确保安全的一种方法是，从使用美国食品药品管理局(Food & Drug Administration)和欧洲食品安全局(European Food safety Authority)批准工艺的供应商那里

20、采 购材料。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，从句中缺少谓语，应填动词，ensure “保证” 为动词符合题意，主语是the company为第三人称单数，描述的是一般的状态，应该用一般 现在时，应填ensures。故选E项。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：乐高集团负责环境责任的副总裁蒂姆布鲁克斯说：“我们在可持续发展之 旅中面临的最大挑战是重新思考和创新新材料，这些材料要像我们现有的砖一样持久、坚固 和高质量，并且与过去60年生产的乐高元素相适应。”。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容 词，所以空处应填名词，challenge “挑战”符合题意。故选B项【15题详解】考查动词。句意：通过这个原型，我

21、们能够向公众展示我们正在取得的进展。分析句子结构 可知，空前的t。是不定式标志，空处应填动词原形，demonstrate 演示”符合题意。故选D 项。【16题详解】考查动词。句意：乐高表示，购买二手材料制成的积木还需要“一段时间”。分析句子结构 可知，此处是before引导的状语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，所以应填动词purchase “购买” 符合题意，又从句主语是bricks与purchase之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，空前已有be 动词，所以空处填purchased。故选I项。【17题详解】考查形容词。句意：该公司将继续测试和开发PET配方，并决定是否进入试生产阶段，预 计至少需要一年时

22、间。分析句子结构可知，空气是冠词the,空后是名词production,所以 空处应填形容词做的定语，pilot “试验性的”符合题意。故选H项。【18题详解】考查动词。句意：该公司正在测试的一个因素是这种材料如何着色。分析句子结构可知，此 处是后文引导的表语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，应填动词，color “着色”为动词符合题 意，从句主语是material与color之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，空前已有be动词，所 以空处填colored。故选C项。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：实验和失败是学习和创新的重要组成部分。分析句子结构可知，根据空前 and,空处应和learning并列，应填名

23、词，innovation “创造”为不可数名词，符合题意。故 选G项。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：去年，该公司宣布将在三年内投资4亿美元用于可持续发展计划。分析句 子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：sustainability initiatives意为“可持续发展计划”。故选F 项。dress code is not the same as a school uniform. It can be 20 to fit each individual. HoneyDijon, the D.J. and musician, likewise believes that open interpreta

24、tions of dress codes are generally expected, though she has her own solution to the dress code issue.“Choose something that is related to the theme, such as a shoe or a bag J she said. That way, the host is satisfied and you still feel confident.” 2023届上海市宝山区高三一模英语试题Section BDirections: After readin

25、g the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A. disturbing B. resources C. altered D. effective E. recorded F. permanentlyG. specially H. machines I. signified J. accurately K. impossibleW

26、hen an endangered seabird hits a power line, it makes a sound very much like the laser sound from Star Wars J says conservation biologist Marc Travers. He should know, as his team from the Endangered Seabird Recovery Project 11 thousands of hours of audio to determine if power lines affected local s

27、eabirds. Travers was trying to help establish how frequently birds are killed by power lines on the island of Kauai in Hawaii in 2011.His team recorded 600 hours of audio and sent the recordings to Conservation Metrics, a company that assists conservation efforts with AI 12, Conservation Metrics use

28、d a programto “listerT to the recordings and count the sounds that 13 bird electrocutions（电击）.The result was 14, as the number of bird electrocutions was in the thousands. Armed with proofthat power lines were killing a significant number of birds, the team worked with the local utility （公 共事业）servi

29、ce to reduce bird deaths.In science fiction stories such as The Matrix, Al-powered 15 take over the world and end life on the planet as we know it. But in reality, programs that use AI to sort through mountains of data might just save some species from disappearing 16.By many measures, humans have b

30、een poor managers of the planet. Humans have 17 as much as 97 percent of land ecosystems. Key populations of monitored animals have declined as much as 68 percent since 1970. The decline in biodiversity around the world has created a hopeless situation. Conservation efforts lack key resources they n

31、eed to be 18.Fortunately, humans now have Al-based tools that can help. AI can quickly and 19 sort through large amounts of data created by observations in the field. Then other programs such as PAWS (Protection Assistant for Wildlife Security) can help analyze the data and suggest the most effectiv

32、e ways to focus conservation efforts.In large national parks and wildlife reserves, illegal hunters are a danger for animals both big and small. Some animals are worth a lot of money on the black market. Park rangers are left with a(n)20 task because there is too much land to cover. But the PAWS pro

33、gram allows rangers to focus their efforts. PAWS has even predicted the existence of trap lines in areas not yet checked by rangers!We still face many challenges to change the loss of wildlife, but Al-powered programs promise to be a powerful conservation tool.2023届上海市嘉定区高三上学期一模英语试题Section B (10 分)D

34、irections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper -word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A stimulated B. anticipation C. empowering D. initiative E. boost F. prohibitingG. cited H. integral I. facilitate J. m

35、irror K. instrumentalHelping Eighth Graders Discover a Wider World of ScienceSalina Morales, an eighth-grade student, wants to work with animals when she gets older. She was excited and full of 11 at the prospect of a class visit to the American Museum of Natural History. Salina is among thousands o

36、f eighth graders in New York public schools whose science education will be given a(n) 12 by a new partnership between the schools and seven of the citys science-oriented institutions.The program, called Urban Advantage, aims to provide professional development and resources to teachers, 13 class an

37、d individual museum visits, and ultimately help eighth graders complete science projects required for graduation. The Museum of Natural History is leading the 14.“The real push behind this project is the crisis in science education, which is a(n) 15 part of a students learning and growth,“ Ellen V.

38、Futter, the president of the Museum of National History, said. According to a report, 43 percent of American eighth graders do not have a basic understanding of science. Among the most frequently 16 reasons are the inadequacy of teacher education programs and the lack of teaching resources. Too ofte

39、n, the science class is about memorizing facts and does not 17 the truly exciting process of using scientific methods and tools to observe and analyze natural phenomena. As a result, too few of our children are 18 to pursue study or careers in key scientific fields.Over the course of three years Urb

40、an Advantage will reach the citys entire eighth-gradepopulation. The City Council was 19 in developing Urban Advantage, providing more than $ 1 million funding. This is a big deal fbr New York J the Councilwoman said. Its very hard to get a new initiative going, but we made it happen because everyon

41、e believed in the importance of 20 science education.上海市浦东新区2022-2023学年高三上学期期末教学质量检测英语试卷（一模） Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. based B. genuinely C. irrelevant D. outsi

42、zed E. persist F. previouslyG. profile H. reasoning I. shaped J. similar K. subsequentIt happens just about every time I go to a restaurant with my daughter. I open the menu and scan the options. Then I glance at the childrens menu. Oftentimes, the menu is pretty 31 with the same pasta and tomato sa

43、uce. But the items on the childrens menu are usually less expensive, and Fil think to myself: Wow, good deal.If I think again for a moment, though, the deal isnt really a deal. After all, I estimated the cost of the pasta 32 on the adult menu, not on the actual cost of making some bow-tie noodles an

44、d serving them with a red sauce.My faulty 33is the product of anchoring, a cognitive bias （认矢口偏差）that can weakenour critical thinking.According to researchers, anchoring is when people rely on 34 but easily accessible facts to make judgments. Our minds give too much weight to initial impressions or

45、numbers that influence our 35 thoughts. In my case, the prices on the adult menu 36 or anchored my judgment about the value of the items on the childrens menu.Studies show that anchoring effects 37 no matter how weak the connection between the anchor and the actual decision. One study found that est

46、imates of an athletes performance were influenced by the number on his jersey ( 运动衫 In other words, people thought that an athlete with a higher jersey number was better than an athlete with a lower number, all else being equal.Anchoring affects all kinds of decisions, even those made by experts who

47、 should know better. In particular, a recent study shows that anchoring is far more common in the financial world than 38 believed, with substantial anchoring effects influencing performance in the stock market. A study showed that investors valued firms more highly if the firms had higher stock pri

48、ces. So, if two companies have the same financial 39 except that Company X has fewer shares at a higher price than Company Y, then Company Xs shares will sell better over the long run than Company Ys. Why? Because the stock price the anchor enhances the companys perceived value.The phenomenon of anc

49、horing shows that while we think of ourselves as rational and logical beings, unrelated details can have a(n) 40 influence on our reasoning. The best solution is to improve critical thinking skills. Otherwise, you might be a victim of anchoring, dragged down by your bias, whether you notice it or not.2023届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试卷Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the wor