高三英语语法总复习——名词性从句1.ppt

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1、名词性从句名词性从句English Grammar名词性从句名词性从句 名名词词性性从从句句是是由由if,whether,that 和和各各种种疑疑问问词词充充当当连连接接词词所所引引导导的的从从句句，其其功功能同名词一样。能同名词一样。一主语从句一主语从句 主主语语从从句句是是在在复复合合句句中中充充当当主主语语的的从从句句，通通常常放放在在主主句句谓谓语语动动词词之之前前或或由由形形式式主主语语itit代代替替，而而本本身身放放在在句句子子末尾。末尾。1.1.1.1.It It It It 作形式主语和作形式主语和作形式主语和作形式主语和itititit引导强调句的比较引导强调句的比较引导

2、强调句的比较引导强调句的比较 It 作作形形式式主主语语代代替替主主语语从从句句，主主要要是是为为了了平平衡衡句句子子结结构构，主主语语从从句句的的连连接接词词没没有有变变化化。而而it引引导导的的强强调调句句则则是是对对句句子子某某一一部部分分进进行行强强调调，无无论论强强调调的的是是什什么么成成分分，都都可可用用连连词词that。被被强强调调部部分分指指人人是也可用是也可用who/whom。例如：例如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not

3、.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.2.2.2.2.用用用用it it it it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构(1)It is 名词名词 从句从句 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识(2)It is 形容词形容词 从句从句 It is natural that 很自然很自然 It is st

4、range that 奇怪的是奇怪的是(3)It is 不及物动词不及物动词 从句从句 It seems that 似乎似乎 It happened that 碰巧碰巧 It appears that 似乎似乎(4)It 过去分词过去分词 从句从句 It is reported that 据报道据报道 It has been proved that 已证实已证实 It is said that 据说据说 3.3.3.3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。引

5、导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said/reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.（3）It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.

6、That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（4）It doesnt matter how/whether 结结构构中中的的主主语语从从句句不不可可提提前前。例如：例如：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evenin

7、g?Is that will rain in the evening likely?4.what 与与that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引引导导主主语语从从句句时时在在句句时时在在从从句句中中充充当当句句子子成分，如主语宾语表语，而成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如：则不然。例如：1)What you said yesterday is right.2)That she is still alive is a consolation.It is right what you said yesterday.It is a consolation tha

8、t she is still alive.二宾语从句二宾语从句二宾语从句二宾语从句 宾宾语语从从句句就就是是在在复复合合句句中中作作宾宾语语的的名名词词性性从从句句，通通常常放放在在主主句句谓语动词谓语动词(及物动词及物动词)或介词之后。或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 (1)由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略通常可以省略),例如：例如：I heard that be joined the army.(2)由由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：引导的宾语从句，例如：She did not know what had happened.I

9、 wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.2.作介词的宾语，作介词的宾语，例如：例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3.作形容词的宾语，作形容词的宾语，例如：例如：I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.注意：注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容

10、词后作宾语：引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content 等。等。也可以将此类词后的也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。从句的看作原因状语从句。4.it 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语 it 不不仅仅可可以以作作为为形形式式主主语语，还还可可以以作作为为形形式式宾宾语语而而真真

11、正正的的宾宾语语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：例如：We heard it that she would get married next month.5.后边不能直接跟后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词从句的动词 这这类类动动词词有有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等等。这这类类词词后后可可以以用用不不定定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的

12、宾语从句。如：引导的宾语从句。如：I admire their winning the match.I admire that they won the match.6.不可用不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词从句作直接宾语的动词 有有些些动动词词不不可可用用于于“动动词词间间接接宾宾语语that从从句句“结结构构中中，常常见见的的有有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。例如：等。例如：He impressed the manager as an honest man.He i

13、mpressed the manager that he was an honest man.7.否定的转移否定的转移 若若主主句句谓谓语语动动词词为为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等等，其其后后的的宾宾语语从从句句若若含含有有否否定定意意义义，一一般般要要把把否否定定词词转转移移到到主主句句谓谓语语上上，从从句句谓谓语语用用肯定式。例如：肯定式。例如：I dont think this dress fits you well.我认为这件衣服不我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。适合你穿。三表语从句三表语从句 表表语语从

14、从句句在在复复合合句句中中作作表表语语的的名名词词性性从从句句，放放在在系系动动词词之之后后，一一般般结结构构是是“主主语语连连系系动动词词表表语语从从句句”。可可以以接接表表语语从从句句的的连连系系动动词词有有be,look,remain,seem等等。引引导导表表语语从从句句的的that常常可可省省略略。另另外外，常常用用的的还还有有the reason is that 和和It is because 等结构。例如：等结构。例如：1)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2)Thi

15、s is why we cant get the support of the people.3)But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4)The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四同位语从句四同位语从句1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句的功能 同同位位语语从从句句对对于于名名词词进进一一步步解解释释，说说明明名名词词的的具具体体内内容容，一一般般由由that引导，例如：引导，例如：1)The kings decision that

16、 the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.同位语在句子中的位置同位语在句子中的位置 同同位位语语从从句句有有时时可可以以不不紧紧跟跟在在它它所所说说明明的的名名词词

17、后后面面，而而是是被被别别的的词隔开。例如：词隔开。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定定语语从从句句中中的的that既既代代替替先先行行词词，同同时时以以在在从从句句中中作作某某个个成成分分（主主语语或或宾宾语语），而而同同位位语语从从句句中中的的that是是连连词词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定定语语从从句句是是形形容容词词性性的的，其其功功能能是是修修饰饰先先行

18、行词词，对对先先行行词词加加以以限限定定，描描述述定定的的性性质质或或特特征征；同同位位语语从从句句是是名名词词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他他告告诉诉我我的的消消息息是是汤汤姆姆明明年年将将出出国国。）（第第一一个个that引导的从句是定语从句，引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤

19、汤姆姆将将出出国国的的消消息息是是他他讲讲的的。）（同同位位语语从从句句，that在在句句中中不不作作任何成分）任何成分）1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways.A.we must develop B.we shall develop C.we would develop D.we should develop2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week.A.we got everything ready B.we have got everything read

20、y C.We get everything ready D.we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _.A.my pictures would surprise them B.my pictures surprised them C.my pictures should surprise them D.my pictures would have surprised them4.I wonder _.A.whether or not Ill catch the last bus B.if or not Ill catch the l

21、ast bus C.that Ill catch the last bus or not D.that Ill catch the last bus5.We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson.A.so B.such C.it D.that6.I took _ for granted that they were not coming.A.that B.this C.it D.so7.I heard _ said that he had great concern for his classmates.A.and B.that C.was D.it8.I wish I _ to the football match last night.A.went B.go C.should go D.had gone