高三英语语法总复习-名词性从句.ppt

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1、名词性从句你身边的高考专家I语序问题1.Thephotographswillshowyou_.（MET89）A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike2.Heasked_foraviolin（MET92）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid规律一：名词性从句在句中要用陈述语序II引导词的选择1._ we cant get seems better

2、than _wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what2.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.AwhileBthatCifDfor3.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoonAwhenBhowCwhetherDwhy4madetheschoolproudwasmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhatbecau

3、se BWhatthatCThatwhat DThatbecause规律二：1.从句是陈述句转化而来的，不含有疑问意义。由that引导且that连词在从句中不作成分2.从句是由一般疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义的。由whether，if引导3.从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义的。由wh-连词引导且wh-连词在从句中作成分。连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7.Ifwewillhavea

4、meetinghasntbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.Thequestionisifhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.10.HeaskedmeifIcouldgowithhimornot.Whetherwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.Itdependsonwhethertheweatheris.Thequestioniswhetherhehimselfwillbepresent.HeaskedmewhetherIcou

5、ldgowithhimornot.规律三：whether和if的区别：whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：It all depends on whether they will come back.后面直接跟or not 时用 whether。如：I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.主语从句和表语从句中只能用whether。如：Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question

6、is whether they have so much money.whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.whether可引导一个

7、让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能，但可以引导一个条件状语从句表示“如果”如：Whether he comes or not,we will begin our party on time.If I have time tomorrow,Ill go to visit Tom.找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.3.Everybodyconsider

8、sitimpossiblewhichhewantstofinishthejobinsuchashorttime.4.Itdoesntmatterthatyouwillcomeornot.ititthatwhether规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况 下可以借助“it”而后置。1.主语从句可以用it（作形式主语）来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat（B）Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat.（C）Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thou

9、ght/suggestedthat（D）Itseems/happensthat如：ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.2.宾语从句可以用it（作形式宾语）来替换的句型为：主语谓语itAdj/N从句如：I think it necessary that wehavethemeeting1.Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho2._ much advice I gave him,he did exactly

10、whathewantedtodo.A.HowB.WhateverC.HoweverD.Nomatter3.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wheneverHewillbelievewhateverotherssay.（不能用nomatterwhat代替whatever）Whateverotherssay,hewillbelieveit.（可以用nomatterwhat代替whatever）规律四：whatever,whichever,whoever,wh

11、enever,wherever,however 等与 no matter what,no matter which,no matter who,no matter when,no matter where,no matter how 的区别:前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而 no matter 加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.5.Myideaisthatwemustdoourhomeworkfirst.6.Hisproposalthatwewentthereonfo

12、otisacceptable.Wesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothecinema.Myideaisthatwe(should)doourhomeworkfirst.Hisproposalthatwe(should)gothereonfoot.规律五：注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用！(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分

13、词”或“could(should)+have+过去分词”。如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等动词后的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形或是动词原形。如：She suggested we(should)leave here at once.The

14、 doctor ordered she(should)be operated on.（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”。如：His suggestion that we(should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they(should)pay 100 dollars.（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从

15、句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that you should be so careless.It will be desired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)that she should finish her ho

16、mework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：It is pity that you cant swim.名词从句与定语从句 的主要区别I.成分上的区别：名词性从句和定语从句分别在句中充当什么 样的成分？1.Howtheprisonerescapedremainsamystery.2.Iwonderwhether/ifheisfitforthejob.3.Theproblemiswhowillbeequaltothetask.4.Hehadnoideawh

17、etherwecouldovercomethepresentdifficultiesornot.主语宾语表语同位语5.Ivisitedthecountrywhich/thathadbeenbombedbytheUS-ledNATO(美国为首的北约)amonthbefore6.IshallneverforgettheyearswhenIlivedinthecountrysidewiththefarmers,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.7.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30pm.,bywhichtimemanyp

18、eoplehavegonehome.8.IhadneverseensuchagoodfilmasIwatchedlastnight.结论：名词性从句充当句子的主要成分（作主语，宾语，表语，同位语），且无先行词，同位语除外。定语从句充当句子的修饰成分（作定语），前面有先行词同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子的主语或宾语成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义，不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:Thesuggestion(that)heraisedatthemeetingisverygood.（t

19、hat引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略）Thesuggestionthatthestudents(should)haveplentyofexerciseisverygood.（that引导同位语从句）Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.（that引导同位语从句,不能省略）Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?（that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略）I.引导词的不同：不会出现在名词从句中的关系词：不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：as,且when,where等不能与in/on/atwhich互换。wh

20、ether,if,what,howIII.名词从句与定语从句的一些对应系：1.Hehasdonewhathecantohelpme.-Hehasdone_hecantohelpme.2.WhatIwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.3.-_Iwanttosayhasnothingtodo4.withit.allthatAllthat 3.Whoeverbreaksthelawistobepunished._breaksthelawistobepunished.4.Hewillgivethedictionarytowhoeverneedsifmost.Hewillgive

21、thedictionaryto_needsitmost.5.Wellrememberwhomeverweturnedtoforhelp.Wellremember_weturnedtoforhelp.Anyonewhoanyonewhoanyone(whom)6.Theywilldowhateverhewantsthemtodo.Theywilldo_hewantsthemtodo.7.Illreadwhicheverbookyougiveme.Illread_ofthebooks_yougiveme.anythingthatanythatIV.其余问题：1.误：Idontknowifhecom

22、esbackthismonth.2.误：IhavenoideawhathadhappenedwhenIwasaway.正：Idontknowifhewillcomebackthismonth.正：IhavenoideawhathappenedwhenIwasaway.3.误：Thereasonisbecauseheisill.4.误：Wholeaveslastturnsoffthelight.正：Thereasonisthatheisill.正：Whoeverleaveslastturnsoffthelight.名词性从句试题集锦1.Iaskher_comewithme.A.ifshewill B.ifwillsheB.C.whetherwillsheD.willshe2._hesaidistrue.A.WhatB.That B.C.Which D.Whether5.Togetthejobstarted,_Ineedissomemoney.A.onlywhatB.allwhatB.C.allthatD.onlythat6.Ihavenoidea_fartherailwaystationisfromhere.A.whatB.howC.itsD.that