高三英语语法总复习——名词性从句2.ppt

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1、 1.The photographs will show you _ .（MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 2.He asked _ for a violin（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 规律一：规律一：名词性

2、从句在句中要用陈述语序名词性从句在句中要用陈述语序 1. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A.What , what B. What , that C. That , that D. That , what 2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile Bthat Cif Dfor 3.What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon Awhe

3、n Bhow Cwhether Dwhy4 made the school proud was more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. AWhatbecause BWhatthat CThatwhatDThatbecause规律二规律二：1.从句是陈述句转化而来的，不含从句是陈述句转化而来的，不含有疑问意义。由有疑问意义。由that 引导且引导且that连词在从句中连词在从句中不作成分不作成分2.从句是由一般疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意从句是由一般疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义的。由义的。由wheth

4、er，if 引导引导3.从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义的。由义的。由wh-连词引导且连词引导且 wh-连词在从句中作连词在从句中作成分。成分。连接代词连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7. If we will have a meeting hasnt b

5、een decided yet.8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting.10. He asked me if I could go with him or not. Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.It depends on whether the weather is .The question is wheth

6、er he himself will be present .He asked me whether I could go with him or not. 规律三规律三： whetherwhether和和ifif的区别的区别：whetherwhether和和ifif在宾语从句中可在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用接词一般用whetherwhether。如：如：It all depends It all depends on whetheron whether they will come back.they will come back.后面直接跟后

7、面直接跟or not or not 时用时用 whetherwhether。如：如：I didnt know whether or I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.not he had arrived in Wuhan.主语从句和表语从句中只能用主语从句和表语从句中只能用whetherwhether。如：如：WhetherWhether the meeting will be the meeting will be put off has not been decided put off has not been deci

8、ded yet.yet.The question is The question is whether whether they they have so much money.have so much money.whetherwhether可以引导同位语从可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，内容，ifif不能。不能。如：如：We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.whetherwhether常与常与oror连用表示一种选连用表示一种选择，择，ifif不能这

9、样用；不能这样用；whetherwhether也可也可与动词不定式连用但与动词不定式连用但ifif不能。不能。如：如：The question of The question of whetherwhether they they are male are male oror female is not female is not important.important.I have not decided I have not decided whetherwhether to to gogo or not. or not. whetherwhether可引导一个让步状语从可引导一个让步状语

10、从句表示句表示“不管不管”、“无论无论”，而，而ifif不能，但可以引导一个条件状语从不能，但可以引导一个条件状语从句表示句表示“如果如果”如：如：WhetherWhether he comes or not, we he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.will begin our party on time.If If I have time tomorrow, I have time tomorrow, Ill go to visit Tom.Ill go to visit Tom.找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句

11、子中的错误，并总结出规律：1. I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.3. Everybody considers it impossible which he wants to finish the job in such a short time. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.ititth

12、atwhether规律四规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况 下可以借助下可以借助 “ “it” it” 而后置而后置。1.主语从句可以用主语从句可以用it （作形式主语）作形式主语） 来替换成以下几种结构表达。来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)It is clear/certain/likely /true/surprising that （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that .（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that （D）

13、It seems/happens that如：如：It is said that China will win in the World Cup. 2.宾语从句可以用宾语从句可以用it（作形式宾语）作形式宾语） 来替换的句型为：来替换的句型为：主语谓语主语谓语itAdj/N从句从句如：如： I think it necessary that we have the meeting1. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter wh

14、o 2. _ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do. A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter 3. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wheneverHe will believe whatever others say. （不能用不能用no matter what代替代替whatever

15、） Whatever others say, he will believe it.（可以用可以用no matter what代替代替whatever）规律四规律四：whatever, whichever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however 等与等与 no matter what, no matter which, no matter who, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how 的区别的区别:前者既可以前者既可以引导名词性从句引导名词性从句，也可以引导也可以引导让步状语从句让步状语从句，而，而

16、no matter 加疑问加疑问词词只能引导让步状语从句只能引导让步状语从句。 找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.5. My idea is that we must do our homework first.6. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable. We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.My idea is that we (sho

17、uld) do our homework first.His proposal that we (should) go there on foot.规律五规律五：注意注意虚拟语气在名词性从句虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用中的运用！(1)虚拟语气在虚拟语气在宾语从句宾语从句中的运用。中的运用。“wish + wish + 宾语从句宾语从句”表示不能实表示不能实现的愿望，译为现的愿望，译为“要是要是就好了就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语

18、动词用词用“would/could + would/could + 动词原形动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用谓语动词用“had + had + 过去分词过去分词”或或“could(should) + have + could(should) + have + 过过去分词去分词”。如：。如：I wish it I wish it werewere spring all the spring all the year round.year round.I wish I I wish I had knownhad known the answer

19、. the answer.I wish I I wish I could flycould fly like a like a bird.bird.在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggestsuggest、adviseadvise、proposepropose、demanddemand、requirerequire、insist requestinsist request、commandcommand、orderorder等动词后的宾语从句中，从句谓语动等动词后的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用词用( (should) + should) + 动词原形或是动词原形。动

20、词原形或是动词原形。如：如：She suggested we She suggested we (should)leave(should)leave here here at once.at once.The doctor ordered she The doctor ordered she (should )be(should )be operated on.operated on.（2 2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词adviseadvise、ideaidea、orderorde

21、r、demanddemand、planplan、proposalproposal、suggestionsuggestion、requestrequest等的表语从句和同位等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（shouldshould） + + 动词原形动词原形”。如：。如：His suggestion that we His suggestion that we (should)go(should)go to to Shanghai is wonderful.Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they My idea

22、 is that they (should)pay(should)pay 100 100 dollars.dollars.（3 3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should should + + 动词原形动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如此等。如：如：It is necessary(important, natural, It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we strange,

23、 etc.)that we should cleanshould clean the room every day.the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you etc.)that you should beshould be so careless. so careless.It will be desired(suggested, decided, It will be desired(suggested, decided, ord

24、ered, requested, proposed, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she etc.)that she should finishshould finish her her homework this afternoon.homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，thatthat从从句也可用陈述句语气。如：句也

25、可用陈述句语气。如：It is pity that you It is pity that you cant swimcant swim. .名词从句与定语从句 的主要区别I.I. 成分上的区别：成分上的区别： 名词性从句和定语从句分别在句中充当什么名词性从句和定语从句分别在句中充当什么 样的成分？样的成分？1. How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.2. I wonder whether/if he is fit for the job.3. The problem is who will be equal to the task.4. He

26、had no idea whether we could overcome the present difficulties or not.主语主语宾语宾语表语表语同位语同位语5. I visited the country which/that had been bombed by the US-led NATO (美国为首的北约美国为首的北约) a month before6. I shall never forget the years when I lived in the countryside with the farmers, which has a great effect o

27、n my life. 7. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm., by which time many people have gone home.8. I had never seen such a good film as I watched last night. 结论结论：名词性从句充当句子的名词性从句充当句子的主要成分主要成分（作主语，宾语，表语，同位语），（作主语，宾语，表语，同位语），且且无先行词，同位语除外无先行词，同位语除外。定语从句充当句子的定语从句充当句子的修饰成分修饰成分（作定语），（

28、作定语），前面有先行词前面有先行词同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词作为关系代词, 可以引导定语从句可以引导定语从句, 充当句子的充当句子的主语或宾语主语或宾语成分成分, 在从句中作宾语时可以省略在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时引导同位语从句时, 起连词的作用起连词的作用, 没有实际意义，不充当句子成分没有实际意义，不充当句子成分, 一般不能省略。一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句试比较下面两个例句: The suggestion (that) he raised at the meeting is very good.（that引

29、导定语从句引导定语从句, 作宾语作宾语, 可以省略）可以省略） The suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引导同位语从句）引导同位语从句） I had no idea that you were here.（that引导同位语从句引导同位语从句, 不能省略）不能省略） Have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?（that引导定语从句引导定语从句, 作宾语作宾语,

30、可以省略）可以省略） I.I. 引导词的不同：引导词的不同： 不会出现在名词从句中的关系词：不会出现在名词从句中的关系词： 不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：不会出现在定语从句中的关系词： as, 且且 when, where 等不能与等不能与 in/on/at which 互换。互换。whether, if, what, howIII.III.名词从句与定语从句的一些对应系名词从句与定语从句的一些对应系：1. He has done what he can to help me. -He has done _ _ he can to help me.2. What I want to say h

31、as nothing to do with it. -_ _ I want to say has nothing to do with it. all thatAll that 3. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished. _ _ breaks the law is to be punished.4. He will give the dictionary to whoever needs if most. He will give the dictionary to _ _ needs it most. 5. Well remember whome

32、ver we turned to for help. Well remember _ _ we turned to for help.Anyone whoanyone whoanyone (whom)6. They will do whatever he wants them to do.They will do _ _he wants them to do. 7. Ill read whichever book you give me.Ill read _ of the books _ you give me. anything thatanythatIV.IV.其余问题其余问题：1. 误：

33、误：I dont know if he comes back this month.2. 误：误：I have no idea what had happened when I was away.正：正：I dont know if he will come back this month.正：正：I have no idea what happened when I was away.3.误：误：The reason is because he is ill.4.误：误：Who leaves last turns off the light.正：正：The reason is that he

34、 is ill.正：正：Whoever leaves last turns off the light.1.I ask her _ come with me. A.if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 2._ he said is true. A.What B. That C. Which D. Whether 5.To get the job started, _ I need is some money. A.only what B. all what C. all that D. only that 6.I

35、have no idea _ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that 3.Can you tell me _? A.who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 4.He didnt know which room _. A.they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in

36、 7.Can you tell me _ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D. where can I get to 8.Do you know _? A. what is his name B. how is his name C. what his name is D. how his name is 9._ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. T

37、his 10.They have no idea at all _. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 11.They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 12.These photographs will show you _. A. what our village looks like B. w

38、hat does our village look like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 13.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 14.No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. w

39、hat will man look like C. man will look like D. what look man like 15._ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 16.Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 17.It worried her a bit _ her hair

40、 was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for 18._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 19. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 20._ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What ; what B.

41、What ; that C. That ; that D. That ; what 21._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 22.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 23. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

42、Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 24.These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 25._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 26.You cant imagine _ when they rece

43、ived these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 27._ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 28.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet through. A. Its the r

44、eason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how 29.It was a matter of _ would take the position. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever 30._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever 31.It was _ he said _ disappointed me. A. what ; that B. that ; that C. what ; what D. that ; what 32.Eat _ cake you like and leave the others for _ comes in late. A. any ; who B. every ; whoever C. whichever ; whoever D. either ; whoever