高三英语二轮语法专题复习学案：非谓语动词.docx

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1、High School EnglishGuided Learning PlanContributor: Ethan Time: 30 May 2022TopicNon-Finite Forms of VerbsLesson TypeNewLearning Objectives非谓语动词非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词有 、 和 三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化，还可以有自己的宾语、状语等。非谓语动词相当于名词、形容词或副词，能作的句子成分如下。种类 作用主语宾语表语定语状语宾语补足语不定式动名词分词非谓语动词的形式及意义：非谓语动词形

2、式主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to doto be done动作与谓语动词的动作同时或在其之后发生进行式to be doing/动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto have been done动作先于谓语动词的动作发生完成进行式to have been doing/动作先于谓语动词的动作发生而又延续到谓语动作发生时动名词一般式doingbeing done动作发生在谓语动作的同时或之后完成式having donehaving been done动作发生在谓语动作之前现在分词一般式doingbeing done动作与谓语动作同时发生或正在进行完成式having d

3、onehaving been done动作先于谓语动作发生过去分词done动作发生于谓语动作前，有被动和完成含义一、非谓语动词作状语1不定式作状语(1)作目的状语不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。To/In order to pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.（为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。）The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers.

4、（公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。）(2)作结果状语不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果。Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.（汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。）He hurried to the theatre, only to be told that the tickets had been sold out. （他匆匆忙忙地赶往剧院，结果被告知票已卖完。）Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her

5、 laughing, shouting sister, Luna.（突然间她坐了下去，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。）(3)作原因状语常用于“主语(人)系动词形容词(过去分词)to do”结构中。形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish等。She was surprised to see George walk in.

6、（看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。）We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.（令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。）常用于“主语(物)系动词形容词to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。The morning a

7、ir is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day.（早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。）2分词作状语分词包括现在分词和过去分词。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。(1)现在分词作状语时，表示的动作是由句子的主语执行的，它们之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且含有进行的意义。Hearing the news, they got excited.（听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。）(2)过去分词作状语时，表示的动作是句子的主语承受的，它们之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且含有完成的意义。Ser

8、iously injured, she had to be sent to hospital at once.（由于受伤严重，需要将她立刻送往医院。）作时间状语相当于when, while, before, since, as引导的时间状语从句。Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.When the sentence was translated into English, it was found to have an entirely differen

9、t order.（被译成英语后，我们发现这个句子有了一个完全不同的语序。）作原因状语相当于because, since, as引导的原因状语从句。Not understanding this problem, he asked the teacher about it.Because he didnt understand this problem, he asked the teacher about it.（因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。）Defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged.Because he was defeated by hi

10、s deskmate, he felt discouraged.（由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。）作条件状语相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.If Im given another hour, I can also work out the problem.（如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。）作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。More highways have been built in China, making it much eas

11、ier for people to travel from one place to another.（中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。）作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.One evening Harry phoned me, and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.（一天晚上哈

12、里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。）作让步状语相当于though, although, even if等引导的让步状语从句。Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.（虽然被警告危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。）3独立主格结构作状语独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的成

13、分构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。独立主格结构可置于主句前、主句后或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开，在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。(1)逻辑主语名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词So many children to support, they both have to work full time.（有这么多孩子要养，他们俩不得不全日工作。）The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.（向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。）Jim was listening attentively to

14、 the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.（吉姆专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。）There being no bus, we had to walk home.（由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。）It being Sunday, I didnt need to get up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 9 am.（因为是周日，我不必早起，所以一直睡到早上九点。）(2)with/without复合宾语“with/without宾语宾语补足语”结构可以构成独立主格结构，

15、在句中常作伴随状语和原因状语。I couldnt do my homework with all that noise going on.（由于噪音不断我做不了作业。）It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished.（真可惜，这位伟大的作家去世时，作品尚未完成。）The girl feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.（有这么多的名胜可以参观，小女孩很兴奋。）二、非谓语动词作定语1不定式作定语不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，

16、与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系或同位关系。She is always the first to come and the last to leave. 她总是第一个到，最后一个离开。(主谓关系)Have you got a letter to write？你有一封信要写吗？(动宾关系)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.（表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。）(同位关系)The question to be discussed at the meeting is very importan

17、t.（将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。）如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。He has no pen to write with.（他没有钢笔写字。）2分词作定语(1)及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。The park was full of people, enjoy

18、ing themselves in the sunshine.（公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。）(主动)I have never seen a more moving film.（我没看过比这个更令人感动的电影。）We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.（我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。）(被动、正在进行)The houses being built are for the teachers.（正在建的房子是给老师住的。）The players selected from the whole country ar

19、e expected to bring us honor in this summer game.（人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。）(被动、完成) The broken glass is Toms.（这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。）(2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行) fallen leaves落叶(表完成)boiling water正沸腾的水 boiled water开水3动名词作定语动

20、名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。a walking sticka stick for walking手杖 a sleeping cara car for sleeping卧铺车a reading room阅览室三、非谓语动词作宾语1只能用不定式作宾语的动词下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; ag

21、ree, ask/beg, help。此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。We agreed to meet at the school gate.（我们一致同意在校门口见面。）My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.（我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。）在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。We think it our duty to p

22、rotect the environment.（我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。)2只能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语下列动词或动词短语只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy(想象，设想); avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate, for

23、bid, imagine, risk; cant help(禁不住), mind, allow/permi, escape。He tried to avoid answering my questions.（他试图对我的问题避而不答。）此外，下列动词短语也要用动名词作宾语：be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand(无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, thank .

24、for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in), look forward to。We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.（我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。）My mother couldnt help smiling when she heard the good news.（听到那好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。）Its time I got down

25、 to thinking about that essay.（我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。）3既可以接不定式也可以接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语下列动词或动词短语既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：后接不定式后接动名词regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事regret doing sth.后悔做过某事forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事forget doing sth.忘记已做过某事remember to do sth.记得要做某事remember doing sth.记得做过某事mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doi

26、ng sth.意味着做某事try to do sth.努力/企图做某事try doing sth.试着做某事cant help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.（我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。）Missing this train means waiting for another hour.（错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。）四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语1不定式作宾语补足语有些动词及动词短语后接不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词

27、短语sb.to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise建议 allow允许 ask询问；要求beg乞求 cause导致 encourage鼓励expect期望 forbid禁止 force强迫intend意欲 invite邀请 order订购persuade说服 prefer喜爱 require需要teach教 remind提醒 tell告诉want想要 warn警告 wish想要wait for等待 depend on依靠 call on号召；要求The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.（医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。）He dep

28、ends on you to help him with his English.（他指望你帮助他学英语。）Father will not allow us to play in the street.（父亲不允许我们在街上玩耍。）下列动词接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感(feel)，二听(hear, listen to)，三让(let，have, make)，五看(see, notice, observe, watch, look at)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。Nobody saw him come in.（没人看见他进来。）(主动语态) The thief was obser

29、ved to enter the bank.（有人看见小偷进了银行。）(被动语态) 2分词作宾语补足语(1)现在分词作宾语补足语时，表主动、进行。过去分词作宾语补足语时，表被动、完成。I saw him entering the bank.（我看见他正向银行里走。）(him与enter之间为逻辑上的主谓关系)They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.（他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。）I saw him operated on.我看见(有人)给他做了手术。(him与operate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系)He tried to

30、get his work recognized in the medical circles.（他试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。）3非谓语动词作感官动词和使役动词的宾补(1)感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, notice等的宾补有以下形式(以see为例)：see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事I saw him leave a few minutes ago.（我看见他几分钟前离开了。）see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事The suspect was seen entering the building.（有人看见疑犯进入了大楼。）s

31、ee sb./sth. done看见某人/某物被Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home.（在非洲提供了两年的医疗服务，李医生回来后十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。）(2)常见的使役动词有四个：have, make, let, get，表示“使，让”的含义。have/make/let sb. do sth.以及get sb. to do sth.表示“让/使某人做某事”，宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的

32、主谓关系。The teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school.The teacher got some students to stay in the classroom after school.（放学后老师让一些学生待在教室里。）注：make用于被动语态时，其后要用带to的不定式作主语补足语。如：He was made to work day and night.（他被迫日夜工作。）have/getsb./sth.doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事He had the light bur

33、ning all night, which made his parents very angry.（他让灯亮了整晚，这使他父母很生气。）注：have sb. doing sth.用于否定句中，常与cant, wont等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。如：I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.（我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。）have/get/make宾语done让被/遭遇某事(强调被动性动作)Ill have/get/make my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。He had his w

34、allet stolen on his way home.（在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。）五、非谓语动词作主语和表语1不定式作主语和表语(1)不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。To climb the mountain is hard work but to go down the mountain is great fun.（上山很艰难，下山却很好玩。）It is not easy to find your way around the town.（在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。）Its a great pleasu

35、re to talk with you.（和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。）It is generous of him to contribute so much.（他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。）It was important for us to live a low carbon life.（过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。）(2)不定式作表语常用来表示预定要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，而不具有未来的含义。His wish is to be a doctor in the future.（他的愿望是将来当一名

36、医生。）My job is to clean the rooms every day.（我的工作是每天打扫房间。）My dream is to enter Peking University.（我的梦想是考入北京大学。）2动名词作主语和表语(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。常用于固定句型：Its a waste of time doing .；Its no use/good doing .；It is useless . doing .；There is no .等中。Knowing basic firstaid techniqu

37、es will help you respond quickly to emergencies.（掌握基本的急救技能将会有助于你在遇到紧急情况时迅速作出反应。）It is no use complaining without taking action.（不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。）It is no good coming before that.（在那之前来没有用。）There is no sense (in) worrying about it now.（现在大可不必为那件事忧虑。）(2)动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。O

38、ur job is playing all kinds of music.（我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。）My job is teaching you English.（我的工作是教你们英语。）随堂练习单句改错1About half an hour later, the driver returned the camera. Both of us were grateful to the driver, and Tim, in particular, insisted on have a photo taken with him. 2I am looking forward to see

39、you. 3I, together with my two friends, was eating dinner at a Chinese restaurant locating in the center of New York.4My mother took me see the doctor.5Its time for me to going to my real home it was in Beijing.6They keep a dog calling Ah Bao.7I stepped outside to find Dexter sit next to my elderly neighbor who had fallen.8Heard this, all of us were moved.1havehaving 2seeseeing 3locatinglocated 4seeto see 5goinggo 6callingcalled 7sitsitting 8HeardHearing10学科网（北京）股份有限公司