高中英语2024届高考语法考点讲解和练习（共12个）.doc

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1、高考英语语法考点讲解练习一、名词单复数【知识要点】英语中，名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词变复数形式时，遵循下列规则：1.一般情况下，在名词后添加后缀-s。2.以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词，在名词后添加后缀-es。3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，先将-y变成-i，再加-es。4.部分以-f(e)结尾的名词，一般在词尾加后缀-s，但下面的几个名词在变复数时，要将-f(e)改为-ves。5.部分以-o结尾的名词，在名词后添加-es。如：6.其他几个特殊的名词复数变化情况：7.部分名词，单复数同形。8.由“-”连接几个词构成的名词，在变复数时遵循如下规则：有名词中心词的，复数

2、后缀（-s/-es）加在名词中心词上。没有名词中心词的，复数后缀（-s/-es）加在词尾。【考题01】单句语法填空1.Several _ (student) are playing basketball on the playground.2.There are four _ (person) here, so we need four _ (ticket).3.They protect us from being attacked.They are _ (hero).4.Look！There are some _ (tomato) on the shelf.5.The wife of the

3、 thief picked up two _ (knife) made from _ (leaf) to fight again the _ (wolf) around her, and took their _ (life) at last.How brave she was.6.When youre making this painting, you need _ (brush) of different size.7.Mothers are taking care of their _ (child) who are playing games happily.8.The _ (fly)

4、 are so annoying! Lets kill them or at least drive them away.9.In summer, _ (mosquito) are so annoying that we cant have a good sleep.10.Those _ (handkerchief) feel silky.I like them so much.11._ (sheep) are eating there.12.There are so many _ (fish) in the river.Lets catch some to cook.The _ (fish)

5、 must be delicious.13.Nowadays, _ (cellphone) are popular.14.China is a nation made up of 56 _ (people).15.The _ (police) are looking into the case these days.16.There are two _ (blackboard) and _ (door) in the classroom.17.Oh, my god.Every student has more than 60 new _ (book)!18.The United States

6、consists of 50 _ (state).19.Last night, many _ (tree) were pulled down by the strong wind.20.Can you tell us how many _ (province) are there in China?二、名词作定语【知识要点】一个名词修饰另一个名词充当定语时，作定语的名词的单复数形式要遵循以下三个原则（简称为：“名词作定语三原则”）：1、一个名词修饰另一个名词充当定语时，作定语的名词通常用单数形式。（简称为：“名词作定语，用单数”）如：a shoe factory a coffee cup2、m

7、an, woman修饰一个名词充当定语时，man, woman的单复数形式与被修饰的名词的单复数形式保持一致。（简称为：“man，woman，一致”）a man/ woman worker two men/ women workers3、sport修饰一个名词充当定语时，sport用复数形式。（简称为：“sport，复数”）the sports meeting补充：1、由“数量词-名词”构成的结构在修饰一个名词作定语时，其单复数形式遵循上述第一条原则。如：a two-year period （也可写成：a two-years period）2、sale作定语时，其单复数形式遵循上述第三条原则。

8、如：a sales man【考题02】单句改错1.His teas glass fell off the desk and broke.2.Lets meet at the schools gate at 3 Oclock.3.The man workers are talking something there.4.Our sport meeting will be held next weekend.5.It took us a long time to get there.Its a three-hours journey.6.His job is to sell the woodcar

9、vings in the sale department of the company.7.He once worked in a shoes factory.8.The news broadcast is going on.The men driver is listening carefully.9.A new powerful plant is being built to supply us more electricity.10.Our companys buildings are over there.三、名词所有格【知识要点】英语中有三种名词所有格。1、s所有格。适用于有生命词。

10、如：Toms book the dogs leg指时间、地理名称（山脉、河流、岛屿等）、天体名称、度量衡、价值等名词，也可以使用s所有格。如：todays newspaper2、of所有格。适用于有生命词和无生命词。如：the leg of the desk the book of Tom the leg of the dog3、双重所有格。即：融合了上述两种所有格。如：a friend of my mothers (friends) a friend of mine【考题03】改正下列句子中出现的错误。1.The desk leg is broken.It need repairing.2.

11、This is my brothers-in-law house.3.Tom of the book is missing.You can share yours with him.4.Yesterday, a friend of my father came to visit him.5.Give me a today newspaper, please.【答案】一、1.students 2.persons; tickets 3.heroes 4 tomatoes 5.knives; leaves; wolves; lives 6.brushes 7.children 8.flies 9.m

12、osquitos/ mosquitoes10.handkerchiefs 11.Sheep 12.fish(es); fish 13.cellphones 14.peoples 15.police 16.blackboards; doors 17.books 18.states19.trees 20.provinces二、1.teas tea 2.schools school3.man men 4.sport sports5.hours hour/ hours 6.sale sales 7.shoes shoe 8.men man 9.powerful power panys company三

13、、1.The desk leg The leg of the desk 2.brothers-in-law brother-in-laws3.Tom of the book Toms book/ The book of Tom4.my father fathers5.today todays四、冠词【知识要点】1、冠词分为三类：定冠词(the)，不定冠词(a, an)和零冠词（即：名词前不使用冠词）。2、不定冠词的用法： 不定冠词基本用法：表示某一类或某一类中的某一个，表示类指、泛指。如：He is a student. 表示“每一”，与every / per同义。He visited his

14、 parents a / every / per week.用于第一次提到的、对方不知道的名词前。A man is waiting for you. 后接表示姓名的专有名词，表示“像这样的人”。如：He wants to be a Lu Xun. 用于一些习惯用语、固定搭配中。如：at a loss, come to an end, all of a sudden, in a word, as a whole, have a knowledge of, have a population of, have a walk, take a rest, make a decision/plan, d

15、raw a conclusion, have a rest, have/take a look, have a history/population/knowledge of, a pair of, a number of, a lot of3、定冠词的用法： 定冠词基本用法：表示说话双方都知道的人或事物，或特指某（些）人或事物，表示确指、特指。Who is the boy there? He is Tom. 上文提到的或谈话双方都知道的对象。There is a pen here.The pen is Toms. 世上独一无二的名词前。The earth goes around the su

16、n. 序数词、最高级前。the first time the most beautiful 乐器名称前（西洋乐器）。the violin ；the piano 有后置定语、定语从句、s名词所有格限定的名词前。the September of 2011 the book that you gave me the house to be built next month 与表示姓氏的名词的复数连用，表示夫妇俩或一家人。The Browns are having their dinner. the+某人姓名，表“某人的作品”或“某品牌的产品”。Yesterday, I bought the Lini

17、ng. 用在比较级前表示两者中“更的一个”。He is the taller of the two boys. 固定短语中。all the time, all the same, to the point, in the end, by the end, take the place of, The morethe more4、零冠词的用法： 不可数名词前。I need some water.He is full of imagination. 指一日三餐、月份、四季、星期、节假日前的名词前。It is cold in winter here.Supper is very important.

18、Today is Wednesday. 指棋类、球类运动的名词前。I like football. 表示头衔、职务的名词前，表示“头衔、职务”。He was made president.Barack Hussein Obama II became president of the United Sates. 短语搭配中：成对出现的短语：young and old teacher and student husband and wife knife and fork bread and butter day and night brother and sister介词短语： at night

19、at ease at war in peace in prison in church at sea 动词短语： go to school go to hospital put into prison go to work go to bed make friends with对称名词：day by day arm in arm day after day hand in hand from head to foot5、特殊情况： 表示乐器的名词：如果表示泛指意义，那么前面要使用不定冠词来修饰；如果这个名词被用来表示此类乐器的曲子，那么此时这个名词为不可数名词，前面就不能使用冠词了（即：应该使

20、用零冠词）。如：Yesterday I bought a violin.I like listening to violin. 表示发明物的名词，如果表示泛指意义，那么前面要使用不定冠词。如：Yesterday I bought a computer. 如果抽象名词表示具体的某一次（即：抽象名词具体化）时，前面要使用a/an进行限定；如果指具体的一次，前面则需要使用the进行限定。如：The project of yesterday was a success.The success (of the project) made him famous overnight. 如果指一日三餐、月份、

21、四季、星期、节假日的名词前有形容词修饰，表示该名词具备的某种性质或特征时，前面需要加a/an进行修饰；如果是特指哪一个月份、星期、季节、节假日，或哪一顿饭，前面需要使用the来进行限定。如：a hot summer a quick breakfast a sunny Fridaya wonderful AprilThe summer (of this year) is so hot.The breakfast is delicious. 指球类运动的名词，如果不指运动种类，而是指物体本身，表示泛指意义时，前面需要使用a/an进行修饰；表示特指意义时，前面要使用the进行限定。如：I bough

22、t a football yesterday.I like the football very much. 如果表示头衔、职称、职务的名词被用来指代担任此职务的人时，前面可以使用the进行限定；如果不止一个人担任此职务，那么名词前可以使用a/an进行修饰。如：The president of that country will visit China next week.A vice chairman will host the meeting.【考题04】单句语法填空1._ man is waiting for you.2._ woman in red is waiting for you.

23、3._ woman in red is Toms mother.4.Life needs _ water.5._ water in the river has been polluted.6.Cathy is _ best friend of my mother.7.Cathy is _ friend of my mothers.8.Would you please give me _ advice about how to learn English well?9.You can get _ information from the Internet.10.All _ information

24、 on the Internet isnt believable.11.He likes play _ football.Yesterday his parents bought him _ football as his birthday gift.He likes _ football very much.12.To own a healthy body, you must have _ breakfast.13.The alarm was broken.He had _ quick breakfast and rushed to work.14._ breakfast this morn

25、ing is so delicious.15.Listen! Someone is playing _ piano.I feel familiar with _ piano.What _ amazing piano it is.16.We made Catherine _ monitor.17._ monitor came into the classroom, announcing that wed have an outing tomorrow.18.Finally, it came to _ end.19.This city has _ population of 6 million.2

26、0.China has _ history of more than 5, 000 years.21.Nowadays, having _ knowledge of a foreign language is a must.22.All of _ sudden, a motorbike rushed out from the corner.23.We need _ plenty of water.24.The apple is so delicious.I want to have _ second.25.Is there _ Mr.White here?26.He really wants

27、to be _ Newton one day.27.To some people, _ Lu Xun is difficult to understand.28.He is _ father of the two.29.I have no work for you for _ moment.You can have a rest for _ moment.30.He visited his parents twice _ week.31.Electricity is a kind of _ energy.32.This is my _ friend.33.He wants to turn _

28、scientist in the future.34._ Y (y)oungest as he is, he is the tallest of us.35.You can go there by _ bus.Or you can also take _ taxi.36._ Browns are having dinner.37._ Childrens Day is the festival for children.38.Failure is the mother of _ success.39.The meeting today is _ success.40.This is _ firs

29、t time that I have been here.41.The workers are paid by _ hour.42.He was beaten on _ shoulder.43.Turn _ left, and you will find the cinema on _ right.44.As _ result, he was late again.45._C(c)offee, please.五、数词【知识要点】1、数词表示数目和次序，分为基数词（one, two, ）、序数词（the first, the second, ）、和表示大概数量的数量限定词（some, any,

30、many, several, ）。2、数词表示：（1）“基数词+ten/ hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion/ dozen/ score+复数名词”或“tens/ hundreds/ thousands/ millions/ billions/ dozens/ scores of +复数名词”（2）时刻表示： 几点：“基数词+（oclock）” 11 oclock 11点 几点过几分：“分钟past小时” 10 past 11 11:10 几点差几分：“分钟to小时” 10 to 11 10:50（3）年月表示 世纪：“（in） the 序数词 centur

31、y” (in) the 16th century 16世纪 年代：“(in) the 基数词s” (in) the 1940s 20世纪40年代（4）年月日表示 年份：“(in) 基数词” in 1940 1940年 月份：“in+月份” in May 五月份 日期：“on 月份+序数词”或“on 序数词 +月份” on Oct.1st 或 on 1st Oct. 10月1日（5）四则运算表示 加法：“加”用plus, and, add表示，等于用is, make, equal表示。How much is two plus four? 2+4=? 减法：“减”用minus或take from表

32、示。 How much is eleven minus seven? 11-7=? 乘法：“乘”用time或multiply表示。How much is 7 times 7? 77=？ 除法：“除”用divide的过去分词形式（divided）表示。How much is 20 divided by four? 204=？（6）分数表示：“基数词（分子）-序数词（-s）（分母）”：one-third 1/3 three-fifths 3/5（7）小数表示：“基数词point基数词”：one hundred twenty five point four six 125.46（8）百分数表示：“基

33、数词+percent”： 29 percent 29% （9）长、宽、高、重量、面积等度量衡表示：“基数词+单位词+形容词”或“基数词+单位词+in+形容词的同根名词”： ten meters long/ in length ten meters wide/ in width（10）温度表示：“基数词+degree(s)+单位词（centigrade/ Fahrenheit）”： 10 10摄氏度（11）倍数表示：“基数词+times +比较结构”： The house is three times bigger than that one.The house is three times a

34、s big as that one.（12）年龄表示：“in ones 基数词的复数形式”：in his thirties 30多岁（13）数词与名词构成的合成词作定语three-hour journey 三小时的旅行a 13-year-old boy 一个13岁的小男孩（14）数词与名词的连用 修饰可数名词的数量词：基数词, many, (a) few, a number of, tens/ hundreds/ thousands/ millions/ billions/ of。 修饰不可数名词的数量词：much, (a) little, a great deal of。 修饰不可数名词和可

35、数名词的数量词：some, any, a lot of, a large quantity of, large quantities of, plenty of。【考题05】单句改错1.Two thousands people are having a meeting there.2.I havent some water.3.Can you give me any help?4.There isnt plenty of water.5.Two-fifth of students disagreed.6.This is the three football Ive bought.7.There

36、 is too many water here.8.He is in his fifty.9.Friday is the five day of a week.10.I dont want any more orange.I have had many.11.Three hundreds people are waiting there.12.We need many water.13.From his teacher, he learned a lot of.14.He is only a 3-years-old boy.15.He is about in his sixty.16.Two-

37、third of the forest has been destroyed.17.“A” is the one letter of the English alphabet.18.The river is about 5 meters width.19.He was born in May 1, 2004.20.This new building is three time higher than the old one.【答案】四、1.A 2.A/The 3.The 4./ 5.The 6.the 7.a 8./ 9./ 10.the11./; a; the 12./ 13.a 14.Th

38、e 15.the; the; / 16./ 17.The 18.an 19.a 20.a 21.a 22.a 23./ 24.a 25.a 26.a 27.the 28.the 29.the; a 30.a 31./ 32./ 33./ 34./ 35./; a 36.The 37./ 38./ 39.a 40.the 41.the 42.the 43./; the 44.a 45.A五、1.thousandsthousand 2.someany 3.anysome 4.plenty ofmuch/ enough 5.Two-fifthtwo-fifths 6.threethird 7.man

39、ymuch 8.fiftyfifties 9.fivefifth 10.manymuch 11.hundredshundred 12.manymuch 13.of去掉 14.3-years-old3-year-old 15.sixtysixties 16.Two-thirdTwo- thirds 17.onefirst 18.widthwide或width前加in 19.inon 20.timetimes六、人称代词和物主代词【知识要点】1、人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式，在句子中分别作主语和宾语。人称代词的主格形式：I, you（你）, he, she, it, we, you（你们）, th

40、ey；人称代词的宾格形式：me, you（你）, him, her, it, us, you（你们）, them。2、物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，前者相当于一个形容词，放在名词前作定语；后者相当于一个名词，后面不能再接名词，在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语。形容词性物主代词：my, your（你的）, his, her, its, our, your（你们的）, their；名词性物主代词：mine, yours（你的）, his, hers, its, ours, yours（你们的）, theirs。【考题06】单句语法填空1.The boy is waiting for

41、 _ (he) mother.2.The little baby has to take care of himself, because _ (she) father is fixing all _ (he) attention on _ (he) smartphone.3.The dog is enjoying _ (it) food.4.This isnt Toms coat._ (he) is blue.5.Hello, anybody else? Help _ (I)!6.I really cant stand _ (he) smoking.7.The boy said they w

42、ould have a party the next day, and _ (they) parents would be invited.8.Is this _ (you) book?9.Tom is a friend of _ (I).10.All of _ (we) have _ (we) own books.11.Our teacher told us that we could ask _ (she) for help if we have any problem.12._ (I) book is lost.I cant find it anywhere.13.John shared

43、 _ (he) book with his friend.14.You should apologize for _ (you) mistake.15.I really cant believe _ (I) ears!七、反身代词【知识要点】反身代词，多用于主语之后或句尾，以表示强调，或用于固定短语中。He himself is a worker.他自己就是一个工人。He taught himself.他自己教的自己（他是自学的。）I can manage it by myself.我自己应付的来。【考题07】单句改错1.We have ourselves books.2.Himself is a worker.3.Help you some food.4.He is thinking to him aloud.5.Im not me today.八、It用法【知识要点】it作为代词，它的用法主要分为四个方面：1、用来指代无生命的对象，如：天气、距离、时间、地点、金钱等等。It is sunny today.（指天气）It is a bit far.（指距离）It is 8 oclock.（指时间）We will have a meeting this afternoon.It is very important.（指第一句中提到的the meeting）I bou