山东省临沂市2024届高三下学期3月一模考试 英语含答案.pdf

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1、2024 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（模拟）英语年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（模拟）英语 2024.3本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分 120 分。考试用时分。考试用时 120 分钟。注意事项：分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目

2、的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AEYLEAConsumer Brief SummaryThis summary contains risk and safety information for patients about EYL

3、EA.It does not include all the information and does not take the place of talking to your eye doctor.What is EYLEA?EYLEA is a medicine that works by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）,which can cause fluid to leak into the macula（视网膜黄斑）.What is EYLEA used for?EYLEA is indicated for th

4、e treatment of patients with:Macular Edema Following Retinal Vein Occlusion（RVO）Diabetic Macular Edema（DME）Diabetic Retinopathy（DR）How is EYLEA given?EYLEA is an injection（注射）administered by eye doctor and the injections are given on different schedules.Confirm with your doctor which schedule is app

5、ropriate.What are the most common side effects of EYLEA?Eye painLight sensitivityIncreased eye rednessFor more possible side effects,ask your eye doctor.You are encouraged to report negative side effects ofprescription drugs to the FDA.Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch,or call1-800-FDA-1088.What should I t

6、ell my eye doctor before receiving EYLEA?Infections in or around the eye山东省临沂市Eye pain or rednessBeing allergic to any ingredients in EYLEABeing or planning to be pregnantWhere can I learn more about EYLEA?For a more comprehensive review of EYLEA safety and risk information,talk to your health care

7、provider and see the full information at EYLEA.com.1.Who is the passage intended for?A.Eye doctors.B.Medicine students.C.Drug researchers.D.Patients with eye conditions.2.How can you learn more about EYLEA?A.Visit EYLEA.com.B.Call1-800-FDA-1088.C.Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch.D.Talk to a medical profes

8、sor.3.What is this text?A.A medical report.B.An introduction to a book.C.A healthcare contract.D.A piece of medical instructions.BWatford and her family have lived in Curtis Bay,Baltimore for generations.Her community has faced environmental injustice.Heavy industries continued to move in her commun

9、ity.As a result,her neighbors have had to live with serious respiratory（呼吸的）problems.When she knew a plan to build the nations largest trash-burning incinerator（焚化炉）less than a mile away from her high school,she realized she had to take action.The incinerator was being sold wrongly as clean,renewabl

10、e energy equipment but actually it would be a source of brain-damaging chemicals and would release 200 million tons of greenhouse gases per year,both worse than coal burning.Watford felt she had a responsibility to warn her community to work together to shut this plant down.She co-founded Free Your

11、Voice（FYV）,a 10-person student organization devoted to community rights and social justice.Together,they decided to start a campaign to take down Energy Answers,the incinerators developer.They went door-to-door talking to neighbors and organizing protests.When it was discovered that Baltimore City P

12、ublic Schools（BCPS）was going to be a customer of Energy Answers,the organization fought with the board and presented their case,urging BCPS to withdraw from the project.BCPS was convinced to cancel their contract,which in turn inspired 22 other customers to do the same.Without any financial gain,Ene

13、rgy Answers had no market to move forward with its plan.Watford continues to work with Curtis Bay residents toward fair development.They have a vision for the future which includes building a zero-waste movement,a solar farm,and green jobs.She wants the entire human family to join the fight for envi

14、ronmental justice because survival as a species depends on our ability to take action.4.What caused respiratory problems in Watfords community?A.Poor medical care.B.Terrible environmental conditions.C.Constant bacterial infection.D.Unbalanced distribution of resources.5.What is Watfords attitude to

15、building the incinerator?A.Unfavourable.B.Doubtful.C.Unclear.D.Indifferent.6.What was the result of their campaign?A.BCPS lost financial support.B.Energy Answers stopped its plan.C.The investors found new market.D.Many customers revised their contracts.7.What would be the best title for the text?A.A

16、 teenage hero against urban pollutionB.A teenage hero fighting for an advanced cityC.A battle for Baltimores sky by a teenage heroD.The social justice challenge for a teenage heroCHumans work hard to avoid viruses.Sick people are isolated,diseased animals are killed and fields of infected crops are

17、fired up.Reviving（复活）an ancient virus would surely be a disaster.But a new study led by Fiddamanfrom Oxford,challenges this conventional wisdom.It shows how the revival of an ancient virus can unlock the secrets of its evolution.The virus in the study is Mareks disease virus（MDV）,killing more than 9

18、0%of chickens.Yet when it was discovered in 1907,MDV rarely caused death.Dr Fiddaman wondered whether its new-found virulence（毒性）was a result of large structural changes.To find out,he and his colleagues got their hands on nearly 1,000 chicken bones from ancient times across Europe and Asia,some of

19、them up to 2000 years old.Sections of DNA from these remains were mapped on to the ones of todays virus.As the authors pieced together the sets of genes of ancient MDV,however,they noticed that the genes were arranged identically to those in modern species.It suggests that the increased virulence re

20、sulted not from large structural changes,but from point mutations（突变）.In particular,changes had occurred in the arrangement of a gene called MEQ,which has an essential role in tumour（肿瘤）formation.This discovery suggests that the ancient MDV may not have been able to cause tumours.To test this assump

21、tion,Dr Fiddaman followed up with a daring experiment.He made the ancient form of the MEQ gene and shoot it into living chicken cells.It did not turn on any of the genes associated with tumour formation.In comparison,a modern MEQ gene quickly showed its tendency to cause tumours.By combining ancient

22、 and modern genetic biology,the methods pioneered in the paper reveal how,and more importantly why,any virus mutates.That could help scientists tackle other viruses that pull on the purse-strings of farmers by designing new vaccines（疫苗）,for instance or even to work out how to prevent another global

23、pandemic.8.What is widely acknowledged about the revival of an ancient virus?A.It is a challenging task.B.It reveals the virus evolution.C.It means a disaster for humans.D.It helps people fight diseases.9.What caused the virulence change of MDV?A.Point mutations in MEQ.B.The occurrance of a new gene

24、.C.The reproduction of the ancient MDV.D.Large structural changes in modern species.10.How did Dr Fiddaman test the assumption?A.By investigating a typical case.B.By conducting a field survey.C.By studying the related theories.D.By doing a comparative experiment.11.What can we infer from the last pa

25、ragraph?A.Viruses weaken gradually when they mutate.B.The finding throws light on handling other viruses.C.A global pandemic requires a world effort to end it.D.Farmers will face more complex challenges than before.DWhen American anthropologist Colin Turnbull published The Mountain People in 1972,he

26、 referred to his subjects a Ugandan group called the Ik as“the loveless people.”After two years of observations,he decided that they reflected humanitys basic instincts（本能）:cheat,thievery,and pitilessness.But when Athena Aktipis and her colleagues from the Human Generosity Project took a deeper look

27、,they identified a community that shared everything.“Turnbull had visited Uganda during a disastrous famine（饥荒）.All he saw is what happens when people are starving.”says Aktipis.But her team revealed that despite living under pressure,the Ik placed a high value on helping one another when they could

28、.Aktipis believes that altruism is more common and beneficial than evolutionary social science has long thought.“It was assumed that people are designed to only do things to help themselves or their relatives.”she says.By studying the unique,selfless practices that helped nine communities across the

29、 world to continue to exist,the experts from the Project are looking to show that we are indeed capable of widespread cooperation.The Maasai people in Kenya provide one of the projects main points.They rely on two-way friendships for resources like food or water when theyre in need,without expecting

30、 any repayment.Also,a world away,in New Mexico,while folks often help transport cattle and receive support in return,they will assist without repayment if someone faces difficulties,such as an injury or the death of a loved one.Aktipis believes theoretical frameworks shes perfected through studying

31、these groups can apply broadly to any interdependent systems.Her big goal is to design social-service systems that support everyone.Take market-based insurance in the United States as an example:Its priced based on individual risk factors such as health histories and where people live,which means mi

32、llions of Americans cant afford it.But in a system built on neighboring,pooled costs（合并成本）would level the burden during collective hardship like natural disasters and pandemics.12.What did Turnbull think of the Ik people?A.Heartless.B.Helpful.C.Restless.D.Generous.13.What does the underlined word“al

33、truism”in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Trying to be strong and tough to survive.B.Making full use of the surrounding resources.C.Being devoted to themselves or their relatives.D.Caring about the needs and happiness of others.14.What does paragraph 3 intend to convey?A.Friendships guarantee a well-bei

34、ng life.B.Folks assist each other to get support.C.Cooperation is a good and natural instinct.D.People tend to provide resources for free.15.How does Aktipis intend to apply her findings?A.By designing a policy for public health.B.By monitoring individual health histories.C.By creating a system agai

35、nst collective hardship.D.By lowering insurance prices for individual victims.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Mark Covington,founder of the Georgia Street Community Collective in Detroit,stands in a corner of his urban farm,breathing the fresh air in the early

36、 morning.16 Early in the day,the green crops giving life to tomatoes,cabbages,eggplants,and more are bathed in gold,as if being watered by the sun.The sounds of dogs,pigs,roosters,and a group of stirring bees drown out the sounds of the city.In 2007,Covington lost his job and returned to his childho

37、od street.17 “It was dirty,”he said.“There were always vacant lots,but they had always been maintained for children to play on.”He knew that if he just cleaned them up,people would pile on them again.18 Covington started with a small community garden.19 One mother sent three children to help him bui

38、ld a larger garden where the kids could grow food,stay busy during the summer and add structure to their lives.Little by little the seeds took root,as the hands on the garden that would evolve into a farm multiplied.20 On one corner:a movie screen and a public garden with vegetable and flower beds.O

39、n another:a farm and a community center in a building.Nearby are garlic beds and a greenhouse.“Its somewhat spiritual for me,”Covington says.“Its like a sanctuary（圣殿）.People come here and dont want to leave.”A.But if he planted stuff,they might not.B.Its a typical morning scene at the collective.C.H

40、e saw garbage piled high in vacant,abandoned lots.D.Covington made the garden a little bigger to plant more.E.And almost immediately neighbors began asking to participate.F.He planted a garden to help feed residents and enrich their lives.G.What began as an effort to remove trash has turned into a s

41、ite of community.第二部分第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Whatever the patients age or disease,a hospital stay can be stressful,especially for kids.Efforts like Ellas are a（an）21 spot during a tough time.It began in 2018

42、,when Ella celebrated her birthday in a 22 way a gift drive.Since then,it has 23 each year in early October,a few weeks before her birthday.Along with a（an）24 to her party,Ellas friends get a list of gift ideas for kids at the hospital.For the youngest 25 ,gifts might include building blocks or stuf

43、fed toys.Then its time to share the gifts.“Seeing other peoples 26 thats all that matters to me,”Ella says.After the first round,the number of donations 27 every year.But she doesnt keep an exact count.28 ,she judges by sight.“We measure how much of the carpet it covers in our living room,”Ella says

44、.“Last year,it 29 the entire carpet.”Allison,working at Brigham Childrens Hospital,has seen firsthand the 30 of Ellas gift-giving.“She puts smile on the faces of these little patients in our hospital,”Allison says.“They are all amazed at her 31 at such a young age.”Ellas 32 to help kids in the hospi

45、tal have inspired others to 33 in her footsteps.Friends have collected and 34 gifts for their birthdays too.“35 to others is a good feeling to have at the end of the day,”Ella says.“I want to keep doing this as long as I can.”21.A.independent B.extra C.free D.bright22.A.new B.private C.fancy D.natur

46、al23.A.worked out B.kicked off C.given out D.thought up24.A.letter B.recreation C.invitation D.cake25.A.workers B.patients C.parents D.nurses26.A.happiness B.recognition C.behavior D.admiration27.A.changes B.grows C.declines D.maintains28.A.Thus B.Somehow C.Sometimes D.Instead29.A.reached B.included

47、 C.decorated D.covered30.A.excitement B.effect C.inspiration D.feature31.A.generosity B.exploration C.ambition D.progress32.A.promises B.aims C.efforts D.proposals33.A.follow B.engage C.track D.mix34.A.received B.counted C.gathered D.donated35.A.Responding B.Relating C.Giving D.Comparing第二节（共 10 小题；

48、每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Playing an instrument or singing in a choir may boost your brain.For generations,parents 36 （encourage）their children to practice playing musical instruments.Parents have good reason to prioritize their childrens musical education.Learning an instr

49、ument is not only associated with 37 （good）educationalattainment but also with improved cognitive（认知的）abilities and intelligence（智力）scores in children.The results of a recent study 38 （investigate）this question showed that musical people had better memory and the ability to stay 39 （focus）on tasks t

50、han those with less or no musicality.However,40 made a difference among those who played an instrument was whether they continued to play 41 had only played in the past.Current amateur musicians exhibited the highest cognitive performance among participants.Continued engagement 42 cognitively stimul