2024届山东省临沂市高三下学期一模考试英语试题含答案.pdf

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1、2024 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（模拟模拟）英语英语 2024.3本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分 120 分。考试用时分。考试用时 120 分钟。分钟。注意事项：注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上

2、，写在本试卷用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分第一部分阅读阅读（共两节，满分共两节，满分 50 分分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AEYLEAConsumer Brief SummaryThis summary contains risk and safety information for patients about EYLEA.It

3、does not include all theinformation and does not take the place of talking to your eye doctor.What is EYLEA?EYLEAis a medicine that works by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）,which can cause fluidto leak into the macula（视网膜黄斑）.What is EYLEA used for?EYLEAis indicated for the treatmen

4、t of patients with:Macular Edema Following Retinal Vein Occlusion（RVO）Diabetic Macular Edema（DME）Diabetic Retinopathy（DR）How is EYLEAgiven?EYLEAis an injection（注射）administered by eye doctor and the injections are given on different schedules.Confirm with your doctor which schedule is appropriate.Wha

5、t are the most common side effects of EYLEA?Eye painLight sensitivityIncreased eye rednessFor more possible side effects,ask your eye doctor.You are encouraged to report negative side effects ofprescription drugs to the FDA.Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch,or call1-800-FDA-1088.What should I tell my eye d

6、octor before receiving EYLEA?Infections in or around the eyeEye pain or rednessBeing allergic to any ingredients in EYLEABeing or planning to be pregnantWhere can I learn more about EYLEA?For a more comprehensive review of EYLEA safety and risk information,talk to your health care provider andsee th

7、e full information at EYLEA.com.1.Who is the passage intended for?A.Eye doctors.B.Medicine students.C.Drug researchers.D.Patients with eye conditions.2.How can you learn more about EYLEA?A.Visit EYLEA.com.B.Call1-800-FDA-1088.C.Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch.D.Talk to a medical professor.3.What is this

8、text?A.Amedical report.B.An introduction to a book.C.Ahealthcare contract.D.Apiece of medical instructions.BWatford and her family have lived in Curtis Bay,Baltimore for generations.Her community has facedenvironmental injustice.Heavy industries continued to move in her community.As a result,her nei

9、ghbors have had tolive with serious respiratory（呼吸的）problems.When she knew a plan to build the nations largest trash-burning incinerator（焚化炉）less than a mile away fromher high school,she realized she had to take action.The incinerator was being sold wrongly as clean,renewableenergy equipment but act

10、ually it would be a source of brain-damaging chemicals and would release 200 million tonsof greenhouse gases per year,both worse than coal burning.Watford felt she had a responsibility to warn hercommunity to work together to shut this plant down.She co-founded Free Your Voice（FYV）,a 10-person stude

11、nt organization devoted to community rights andsocial justice.Together,they decided to start a campaign to take down Energy Answers,the incinerators developer.They went door-to-door talking to neighbors and organizing protests.When it was discovered that Baltimore City Public Schools（BCPS）was going

12、to be a customer of EnergyAnswers,the organization fought with the board and presented their case,urging BCPS to withdraw from the project.BCPS was convinced to cancel their contract,which in turn inspired 22 other customers to do the same.Without anyfinancial gain,Energy Answers had no market to mo

13、ve forward with its plan.Watford continues to work with Curtis Bay residents toward fair development.They have a vision for the futurewhich includes building a zero-waste movement,a solar farm,and green jobs.She wants the entire human family tojoin the fight for environmental justice because surviva

14、l as a species depends on our ability to take action.4.What caused respiratory problems in Watfords community?A.Poor medical care.B.Terrible environmental conditions.C.Constant bacterial infection.D.Unbalanced distribution of resources.5.What is Watfords attitude to building the incinerator?A.Unfavo

15、urable.B.Doubtful.C.Unclear.D.Indifferent.6.What was the result of their campaign?A.BCPS lost financial support.B.Energy Answers stopped its plan.C.The investors found new market.D.Many customers revised their contracts.7.What would be the best title for the text?A.Ateenage hero against urban pollut

16、ionB.Ateenage hero fighting for an advanced cityC.Abattle for Baltimores sky by a teenage heroD.The social justice challenge for a teenage heroCHumans work hard to avoid viruses.Sick people are isolated,diseased animals are killed and fields of infectedcrops are fired up.Reviving（复活）an ancient virus

17、 would surely be a disaster.But a new study led by Fiddamanfrom Oxford,challenges this conventional wisdom.It shows how the revival ofan ancient virus can unlock the secrets of its evolution.The virus in the study is Mareks disease virus（MDV）,killing more than 90%of chickens.Yet when it wasdiscovere

18、d in 1907,MDV rarely caused death.Dr Fiddaman wondered whether its new-found virulence（毒性）was a result of large structural changes.To findout,he and his colleagues got their hands on nearly 1,000 chicken bones from ancient times across Europe and Asia,some of them up to 2000 years old.Sections of DN

19、Afrom these remains were mapped on to the ones of todays virus.As the authors pieced together the sets of genes of ancient MDV,however,they noticed that the genes werearranged identically to those in modern species.It suggests that the increased virulence resulted not from largestructural changes,bu

20、t from point mutations（突变）.In particular,changes had occurred in the arrangement of a genecalled MEQ,which has an essential role in tumour（肿瘤）formation.This discovery suggests that the ancient MDV may not have been able to cause tumours.To test this assumption,Dr Fiddaman followed up with a daring e

21、xperiment.He made the ancient form of the MEQ gene and shoot it intoliving chicken cells.It did not turn on any of the genes associated with tumour formation.In comparison,a modernMEQ gene quickly showed its tendency to cause tumours.By combining ancient and modern genetic biology,the methods pionee

22、red in the paper reveal how,and moreimportantly why,any virus mutates.That could help scientists tackle other viruses that pull on the purse-strings offarmers by designing new vaccines（疫苗）,for instance or even to work out how to prevent another globalpandemic.8.What is widely acknowledged about the

23、revival of an ancient virus?A.It is a challenging task.B.It reveals the virus evolution.C.It means a disaster for humans.D.It helps people fight diseases.9.What caused the virulence change of MDV?A.Point mutations in MEQ.B.The occurrance of a new gene.C.The reproduction of the ancient MDV.D.Large st

24、ructural changes in modern species.10.How did Dr Fiddaman test the assumption?A.By investigating a typical case.B.By conducting a field survey.C.By studying the related theories.D.By doing a comparative experiment.11.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Viruses weaken gradually when they muta

25、te.B.The finding throws light on handling other viruses.C.Aglobal pandemic requires a world effort to end it.D.Farmers will face more complex challenges than before.DWhenAmerican anthropologist Colin Turnbull published The Mountain People in 1972,he referred to hissubjects a Ugandan group called the

26、 Ik as“the loveless people.”After two years of observations,he decided thatthey reflected humanitys basic instincts（本能）:cheat,thievery,and pitilessness.But when AthenaAktipis and hercolleagues from the Human Generosity Project took a deeper look,they identified a community that shared everything.“Tu

27、rnbull had visited Uganda during a disastrous famine（饥荒）.All he saw is what happens when people arestarving.”says Aktipis.But her team revealed that despite living under pressure,the Ik placed a high value on helpingone another when they could.Aktipis believes that altruism is more common and benefi

28、cial than evolutionary social science has long thought.“It was assumed that people are designed to only do things to help themselves or their relatives.”she says.Bystudying the unique,selfless practices that helped nine communities across the world to continue to exist,the expertsfrom the Project ar

29、e looking to show that we are indeed capable of widespread cooperation.The Maasai people in Kenya provide one of the projects main points.They rely on two-way friendships forresources like food or water when theyre in need,without expecting any repayment.Also,a world away,in NewMexico,while folks of

30、ten help transport cattle and receive support in return,they will assist without repayment ifsomeone faces difficulties,such as an injury or the death of a loved one.Aktipis believes theoretical frameworks shes perfected through studying these groups can apply broadly to anyinterdependent systems.He

31、r big goal is to design social-service systems that support everyone.Take market-basedinsurance in the United States as an example:Its priced based on individual risk factors such as health histories andwhere people live,which means millions ofAmericans cant afford it.But in a system built on neighb

32、oring,pooledcosts（合并成本）would level the burden during collective hardship like natural disasters and pandemics.12.What did Turnbull think of the Ik people?A.Heartless.B.Helpful.C.Restless.D.Generous.13.What does the underlined word“altruism”in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Trying to be strong and tough

33、 to survive.B.Making full use of the surrounding resources.C.Being devoted to themselves or their relatives.D.Caring about the needs and happiness of others.14.What does paragraph 3 intend to convey?A.Friendships guarantee a well-being life.B.Folks assist each other to get support.C.Cooperation is a

34、 good and natural instinct.D.People tend to provide resources for free.15.How doesAktipis intend to apply her findings?A.By designing a policy for public health.B.By monitoring individual health histories.C.By creating a system against collective hardship.D.By lowering insurance prices for individua

35、l victims.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Mark Covington,founder of the Georgia Street Community Collective in Detroit,stands in a corner of his urbanfarm,breathing the fresh air in the early morning.16Early in the day,the green crops giving life to tomatoes,c

36、abbages,eggplants,and more are bathed in gold,as if being watered by the sun.The sounds of dogs,pigs,roosters,and a group of stirring bees drown out the sounds of the city.In 2007,Covington lost his job and returned to his childhood street.17“It was dirty,”he said.“Therewere always vacant lots,but t

37、hey had always been maintained for children to play on.”He knew that if he just cleanedthem up,people would pile on them again.18Covington started with a small community garden.19One mother sent three children to help him build alarger garden where the kids could grow food,stay busy during the summe

38、r and add structure to their lives.Little bylittle the seeds took root,as the hands on the garden that would evolve into a farm multiplied.20On one corner:a movie screen and a public garden with vegetable and flower beds.On another:afarm and a community center in a building.Nearby are garlic beds an

39、d a greenhouse.“Its somewhat spiritual for me,”Covington says.“Its like a sanctuary（圣殿）.People come here and dont want to leave.”A.But if he planted stuff,they might not.B.Its a typical morning scene at the collective.C.He saw garbage piled high in vacant,abandoned lots.D.Covington made the garden a

40、 little bigger to plant more.E.And almost immediately neighbors began asking to participate.F.He planted a garden to help feed residents and enrich their lives.G.What began as an effort to remove trash has turned into a site of community.第二部分第二部分语言运用语言运用（共两节，满分共两节，满分 30 分分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15

41、分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Whatever the patients age or disease,a hospital stay can be stressful,especially for kids.Efforts like Ellas are a（an）21spot during a tough time.It began in 2018,when Ella celebrated her birthday in a22way a gift drive.Since then,it has23each y

42、ear in early October,a few weeks before her birthday.Along with a（an）24to her party,Ellas friendsget a list of gift ideas for kids at the hospital.For the youngest25,gifts might include building blocks orstuffed toys.Then its time to share the gifts.“Seeing other peoples26 thats all that matters to

43、me,”Ellasays.After the first round,the number of donations27every year.But she doesnt keep an exact count.28,she judges by sight.“We measure how much of the carpet it covers in our living room,”Ella says.“Last year,it29the entire carpet.”Allison,working at Brigham Childrens Hospital,has seen firstha

44、nd the30of Ellas gift-giving.“Sheputs smile on the faces of these little patients in our hospital,”Allison says.“They are all amazed at her31atsuch a young age.”Ellas32to help kids in the hospital have inspired others to33in her footsteps.Friends havecollected and34gifts for their birthdays too.“35t

45、o others is a good feeling to have at the end of the day,”Ella says.“I want to keep doing this as longas I can.”21.A.independentB.extraC.freeD.bright22.A.newB.privateC.fancyD.natural23.A.worked outB.kicked offC.given outD.thought up24.A.letterB.recreationC.invitationD.cake25.A.workersB.patientsC.par

46、entsD.nurses26.A.happinessB.recognitionC.behaviorD.admiration27.A.changesB.growsC.declinesD.maintains28.A.ThusB.SomehowC.SometimesD.Instead29.A.reachedB.includedC.decoratedD.covered30.A.excitementB.effectC.inspirationD.feature31.A.generosityB.explorationC.ambitionD.progress32.A.promisesB.aimsC.effor

47、tsD.proposals33.A.followB.engageC.trackD.mix34.A.receivedB.countedC.gatheredD.donated35.A.RespondingB.RelatingC.GivingD.Comparing第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Playing an instrument or singing in a choir may boost your brain.For generations,parents36（encourage）their

48、children to practice playing musical instruments.Parents have good reason to prioritize their childrens musicaleducation.Learning an instrument is not only associated with37（good）educationalattainment but also with improved cognitive（认知的）abilities and intelligence（智力）scores in children.The results o

49、f a recent study38（investigate）this question showed that musical people had better memoryand the ability to stay39（focus）on tasks than those with less or no musicality.However,40made a difference among those who played an instrument was whether they continued toplay41had only played in the past.Curr

50、ent amateur musicians exhibited the highest cognitive performanceamong participants.Continued engagement42cognitively stimulating activities,like playing an instrument,is likely43（lead）to sustained brain health.In contrast,playing the recorder for only three years in primary school may not44（signifi