第19讲 七选五（讲义）-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（原卷版）.docx

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1、第19讲 七选五 （讲义）【复习目标】 掌握七选五命题规律掌握段首句解题策略掌握段中句解题策略并熟知逻辑关系词掌握段位句解题策略【考情分析】 七选五题型词数300左右(正文词数200 左右，选项词数100左右)。选材多是社会生活和文化科技方面；具有贴近生活、新颖、体现正能量、时代性强等特点。文章结构严谨、逻辑严密、层次分明，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型包括短中、段首、段尾题，其中段中题是考查的重难点。段首和段尾为辅。七个选项意义都与文章内容相关，两个选项为干扰项。年份卷别段首题及题号段中题及题号段尾题及题号2023新高考I卷04个；36/37/39/40题1个

2、；38题2023新高考II卷1个；39题3个；36/38/40题1个；37题2022新高考I卷04个；36/37/38/39题1个；39题2022新高考II卷1个；36题4个；37/38/39/40题02021新高考I卷1个；39题4个；36/37/38/40题02021新高考II卷1个；38题3个；37/39/40题1个；36题【网络构建】 知识点 一 段首题命题规律：段首题具有鲜明的语言特征，要么是段落标题句(主旨句)，要么就是段落主题句，七选五解题时可采用先易后难的原则，而段首的这两种题型即可作为七选五解题的突破口。题型和考查角度：1.段落小标题：概括段落大意，特征突出，短小且语言精炼2

3、.段落主题句：段落主旨概括性，与其它段落承上启下一 段落小标题解题策略：1. 观察其它段落标题的形式。2. 阅读段落内容，提炼段落中心词、高频词和中心词的近义词。选项特征：1. 其形式应和其他小标题相同。2. 选项语言短小精炼。3. 多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使向。二 段落主题句主题句分两种类型。设空处在段首通常为主旨概括句，有时也可能为承上启下(过渡)句。如果设空处位于段首，要瞻前顾后找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与之衔接，并结合本段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。1.主旨概括句解题策略：认真阅读后文内容，段落的第一、二句是关键信息，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出

4、主题句，有时也要参考最后一句，因为段落中常运用首尾呼应的原则，根据尾句进行验证。选项特征：准确概括段落大意，避免以偏概全或偏离主题2.承上启下(过渡)句在段首设空的题有时也可能起承上启下的作用，此时既要熟悉上一段内容，又要去结合下一段内容。解题策略：做题时要联系上下文，把握逻辑关系，分析所选答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。选项特征：过渡句与段落主旨相关，且与上下文语意连贯。【真题典例】（2023年新高考II卷）_19_ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on

5、social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. A Get out of your comfort zone.B. Make career plans and set goals.C. Dont throw away your beginner art.D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.E

6、. Youll hit roadblocks, and youll feel discouraged at times.F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.G. Youll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.知识点 二 段中题命题规律：段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种题要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，注意句子之间的衔接手法，如代词、逻辑连接词等。做题时，首先要依据关键信息将选项进行排除，然后

7、将剩下的可能答案逐一代入，达到选项和设空处的前后内容达到语意连贯及逻辑通顺，最终确定最佳选项。解题策略：1. 利用结构或暗示2. 利用逻辑关系一 利用结构或暗示设空位于段中，首先阅读选项并画出关键词；然后重点阅读设空处的前一句和后一句，画出关键词，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；1. 先看选项七选五的选项较少，并且给出的都是句子。可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号先判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其它选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样可以直接将该选项排除。2. 再看空前空后由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，可以通过

8、选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。3. 注意代词或定冠词一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，这样可以迅速的确定备选选项。【真题典例】（2023年新高考I卷）You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. _19_ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each

9、 of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, dont wait until youve made a mistake to try thisits a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.C. They

10、might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.D. Its just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E. It doesnt mean you have to ignore whats happened or forget it.F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isnt a fixed aspect

11、of your personality.4. 注意一些特殊疑问词选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。5. 注意选项和设空处是否为完整的句子 有时选项可能不是一个完整的句子，这样子可以在选项中圈定一些从句如if,when等开头的选项，再结合文章设空处前后的关联即可迅速判定正确选项。二 利用逻辑关系连词可以表现句子与句子之间的逻辑关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子

12、与句子之间不同的关系。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless等，另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and，also，as well as，neither nor，either or，not only.but also，on the one hand.on the other hand等。1. 并列或递进关系并列或递进关系是指后一句对前一句是一种顺承逻辑关系。常见的表示并列关系的标志性词语有first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), next/then, finally/last, first of all, for o

13、ne thing, for another thing, some . others ., to begin with, to conclude等；常见的表示递进关系的标志性词语有also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, not only . but also .等。【真题典例】(2021全年国甲卷)Invite 510 people so you have a nice selection. Less people than that, and there may n

14、ot be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable. 18 . They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home. GTell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition2. 转折或让步关系转折或让步关系是指后一句对前一句构成逆转逻辑关系。常见表示转折或让步关系的标志性词语有but, however, nevert

15、heless, still, yet, while/though/although, or/otherwise, instead, on the contrary, in contrast, in comparison, by comparison等。【真题典例】(2019年全国卷)We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”. 36 According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your

16、camping area is good.EBut is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?3. 因果关系因果关系是指后一句为前一句的结果(有时也为原因)。常见的标志性词语有so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result (of), so/such . that ., so that, result in/from, lead to, due to, thanks to, owing to等。【真题典例】(2020年浙江高考)My mother also enco

17、uraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 34 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects a

18、nd transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait (特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.FThus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.4. 例证关系例证关系是前后句的某句是为了证明或解释另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的标志性词语有for example, fo

19、r instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words, that is (to say)等。【真题典例】(2021年浙江高考)“Many people in China have limited exposure to English. 35 That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of po

20、stcrossing，” Paulo says.B.That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.知识点三 段尾题命题规律：段尾设空的题多为总结本段内容，偶有起承上启下的作用。即要么是结论句，要么就是承上启下句。题型和考查角度：1. 结论句：用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。2. 承上启下句：此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。1. 总结概括句解题策略：1. 做题时一要注意设空的前一句或前两三句；2. 要注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的词语如thus, therefore, hence, so, as a result,

21、in a word, in short, to conclude, to sum up等；2. 承上启下(过渡)句解题策略：1.在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时要考虑与下一段开头是否有衔接，认真阅读下一段的开头几句，看是否能紧密联系起来。2.如果第一段的段尾是空白，往往是和下一段能连贯起来。3.通常是结论、概括性语句。要注意表示总结的信号词，如therefore, as a result, hence, thus, to sum up, to conclude, in short, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 4.与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找

22、表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所 讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比、转折、排比、并列、递进等关系。根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，【典例】(2023届福建省高三联合测评试题) Send e-mails instead of traditional mail.Traditional, posted mails require a lot of paper. There are also some other disadvantages to traditional mail. E-mails have a few advantages, including

23、being delivered much quicker than traditional mail, the ability to be sent to one person or a larger group, and being able to send them at any time. ATaking care of the Earth is everyones job.BYou could use note app or word processor to do this.CUsing old newspapers is a great, eco-friendly way to w

24、rap gifts.DYou could also text or call someone as opposed to sending traditional mail.EThe back of a piece of paper can be used for things like drafts or other notes.FIt takes a lot less energy to recycle paper than to make some from raw material.GTraditional mail is perhaps one of the most exciting

25、 ways to hear from someone.考向一 段首句（2023届辽宁省沈阳市二中模拟试题） _ Its easy to give in when your children are losing their tempers. But each time you give them what they want, you teach your children that their unacceptable acts are an effective way to get their needs met. If you want to raise mentally strong

26、kids, stick to your limits.AGiving in to misbehaviorBKeeping to your principlesCTeach them not to give up dreams easilyDKids tend to have a wide variety of emotionsETherefore, set limits on what you give your childrenFYou may think its cute to spend more money on your childrenGThey are also more lik

27、ely to struggle with self- confidence issues考向二 段中句（2023届吉林省长春吉大附中实验学校模拟试题）Dont watch or read scary content before bed. Images-from any exciting or disturbing content you watch before bed can appear in your dreams. 164 Reading the news media and then hopping into bed is more likely to give rise to u

28、psetting dreams than looking through pictures from your last vacation with your family. AUse a white noise machine.BPractice stress-relieving activities.CA healthy sleep routine begets sound sleep.DInstead, try herbal teas and other drinks aiding sleep.EHow can we reduce nightmares and improve our s

29、leep?FDuring the pandemic, even our everyday lives are looking pretty scary, too.GDreams and rapid eye movement sleep is essential for memory improvement.考向三 段尾句（2023届辽宁省沈阳市二中模拟试题）Expecting PerfectionWhile high expectations are good for kids, setting the goal too high is likely to get the opposite e

30、ffect. Whether you expect too much from your child on the sports field, or your academic expectations are unreasonable, kids who feel they cant succeed are likely to stop trying. .AGiving in to misbehaviorBKeeping to your principlesCTeach them not to give up dreams easilyDKids tend to have a wide va

31、riety of emotionsETherefore, set limits on what you give your childrenFYou may think its cute to spend more money on your childrenGThey are also more likely to struggle with self- confidence issues1. （2023年新高考I卷）Personal ForgivenessTaking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but dont beat

32、 yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. _16_ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” _17_ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They dont have to be world-changin

33、g, just aspects of your personality that youre proud of.A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.D. Its just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E. It doesnt mea

34、n you have to ignore whats happened or forget it.F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isnt a fixed aspect of your personality.2. （2023年新高考II卷）Paint often and paint from life. Theres no better way to improve than to put in those brus

35、h miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. _17_ Continually challenge yourself to try something new. _18_ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；weve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge

36、 to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. A Get out of your comfort zone.B. Make career plans and set goals.C. Dont throw away your beginner art.D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.E. Youll hit roadblocks, and youll feel discouraged at times.F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.G. Youll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.10学科网（北京）股份有限公司