2021年12月上海交通大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）.pdf

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1、【考研英语】2021年12月上海交通大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】Gang Xiao and Ben Schrag at Brown University,visualize the current bymeasuring subtle（细微的）changes in the magnetic field of an objectand.A、to shrink it to the size of a desktop computerB、to make it capable of measuring very weak changes in magneticfi

2、eldsC、as well as revealing microscopic defects in anything from aircraftto banknotesD、converting the information into a color picture showing thedensity of current at each point【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。空格前的by在句中引导两个在句法结构上并列的分词短语：一个是measuring subtle（细微的）changes in the magnetic field of an object；另一个就是conver

3、ting the information into.,即：通过测量一个物体的磁场内的细微变化和把信息转化成显示每一点电流强度的彩色图片而使电流显现。第2题【单选题】Id better not catch that again!A、your doingB、you doingC、you to doD、you being doing【正确答案】B【答案解析】如同感观动词一样，下面这些动词后只能跟代词的宾格或名词的通格(如him,M ary),其后是“动 词ing：start,keep,stop,catch,find,leave,如：When are you goingto start him wor

4、king for us?第3题【单选题】This is now changing.According to the OECD report,some 75%ofscholarly journals are now online.Entirely new business models areemerging;three main institutional subscribers pay for access to acollection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.There is open-acces

5、s publishing,typically supported by asking the author(or his employer)to pay for the paper to be published.Finally,thereare open-access archives,where organizations such as universities orinternational laboratories support institutional repositories.Othermodels exist that are hybrids of these three,

6、such as delayedopen-access,where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper forthe first six months,before making it freely available to everyone whowishes to see it.All this could change the traditional form of thepeer-review process,at least for the publication of papers.With theopen-access p

7、ublishing model,the author of a paper is requiredto.A、cover the cost of its publicationB、subscribe to the journal publishing itC、allow other online journals to use it freelyD、complete the peer-review before submission【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A o 事实细节题。本题考查考生对文中具体细节信息的理解能力。本段介绍了通过互联网出版期刊的一些具体操作方式，包括so-called

8、big deal、open-accesspublishing、open-access archives和delayed open-access”。其中，在open-access publishing”方式中，作者被要求为所出版的文章支付费用。因此选项A 是正确答案。选项C 是网络出版前的情况；选项B、D 均与文章具体描述内容不符。第4题【单选题】Rhythm in literature is a more or less regular occurrence of certainelements of writing：a word,a phrase,an idea,a sound,or a g

9、rammaticalconstruction.We are also accustomed to this recurrence in the alternateheavy and light beats in music.Our love for rhythm seems to be innate:witness the responses of a small child to lively music.Children love tobeat on toy drums or empty boxes.They stamp their feet and chantnursery rhymes

10、 or nonsense syllables,not unlike primitive dancers.Aschildren grow older,they are taught to restrain their responses torhythm,but our love of rhythm remains.We live in rhythms;in fact weare governed by rhythms.According to the passage,an adult/s reaction torhythm in music would probably be.A、uninhi

11、bitedB、indifferentC、restrainedD responsible【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。该题的解题依据在本段结尾部分“Aschildren grow older,they are taught to restrain their responsesto rhythm.?o 作者讲：随着孩子的年龄逐渐增大，大人就会教他们抑制对节奏的反应，等他们长大之后，他们对音乐节奏的反应，更可能受到抑制。第5题【单选题】Cost was a key in our decision.A、philosopherB、innovationC、qualityD、element【正确答案

12、】D【答案解析】element元素；要素；原理；成分；自然环境。第6题【单选题】I found in my babys behaviour a metaphor for the new generation.Mywife and I had given him some books to examine,but he merely spitupon them.When we read to him,he did not feel comfortable.And so itis in the schools.We find that our students don/t read,that th

13、ey lookdown upon reading and scold those of us who teach it.All they want todo is watch TV.After this experience with the baby,however,I havereached a conclusion:let them watch it.If television is that much moreattractive to children than books,why should we fight it?Let them watchit all they want!F

14、rom the passage we know that the author is.A、a doctorB、an editorC、a writerD、a teacher【正确答案】D【答案解析】答 案 选D o根据本段第五句话的信息，我们会很容易地推断出作者是一位教师。这句话的原文是：We findthat our students don/t read,that they look down upon readingand scold those of us who teach it.它的意思是：我们发现我们的学生不读书，瞧不起读书，而且还骂我们这些教他们读书的人。由此来看，这里的“我们

15、指的就是当老师的这些人。第7题【单选题】Finally,many great players come from the same kind of neighborhood-apoor,crowed area where a boys dream is not to be a doctor,lawyer,orbusinessman,but to become a rich,famous athlete or entertainer.Forexample,Liverpool,which produced the Beetles,had one of the bestEnglish soccer（

16、英式足球）teams in recent years.Pele practiced in thestreet with a ball made of rags.And George Best learned the tricks thatmade him famous by bouncing the ball off a wall in the slums ofBelfast.All great players have a lot in common,but that doesnt explainwhy they are great.Hundreds of boys played in th

17、ose Brazilian streets,but only one became Pele.The greatest players are born with someunique quality that sets them apart from all the others.In the lastparagraph the statement but only one became Pelew indicates thatA、Pele is the greatest soccer player.B、the greatest players are born with some uniq

18、ue quality.C、Peles birthplace sets him apart from all the others.D the success of a soccer player has everything to do with the familyback ground.【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。Pele是个伟大的球员，Hundreds ofboys played in those Brazilian streets,but only one became Pele成百上千的人在巴西的街道上踢球，但是只有一个Pele这样的伟大球员。最后一句话点明主题The gre

19、atest players areborn with some unique quality that sets them apart from all theothers.所以答案是B。第8题【单选题】No one can be sure in a million years.A、what man will look likeB、what will man look likeC、man will look like whatD、what look will man like【正确答案】A【答案解析】由语境含义和句子结构可知,w h at引导宾语从句而非特殊疑问句，应用陈述语序而不用疑问式倒装

20、语序。第9题【单选题】What might for this strange phenomenon?A、fairB、extremeC、equalD、account【正确答案】D【答案解析】account解释。第10题【单选题】If I the money,I would have bought a much bigger car.A、possessedB、ownedC、hadD、had had【正确答案】D【答案解析】第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有 。第11题【单选题】He came back la t e,w h ic h time all the guests had al

21、ready left.A、afterB、byC、atD、during【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。考查介词。根据后面部分的过去完成时态可知前面应该用by。第12题【单选题】The teacher insisted that we all back by two oclock.A、beB、to beC、would beD、shall be【正确答案】A【答案解析】insist在这句话中表示坚持某种意见，所以从句需要用虚拟语气，谓 语 动 词 用should+动词原形的形式，should可以省略。第13题【单选题】Congress assembles together in January.

22、A、rangeB、restrictC、gatherD、restore【正确答案】C【答案解析】assembles集合，聚 集;装 配;收 集;gather收集；收割；使 聚集；使 皱起。第 14题【单选题】He is not such a man would leave his work half done.A、thatB、whichC、whoD、as【正确答案】D【答案解析】a s引导定语从句时通常构成such.as或thesame.as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语.第 15题【单选题】The

23、problem is that such an impulse is hard to sustain.Across thecountry,many similar families were unable to maintain the initial boostin morale.For some,the hardships of life without steady work eventuallyoverwhelmed their attempts to keep their families together.The divorcerate rose again during the

24、rest of the decade as the recovery tookhold.What will the current economic crisis eventually do to somemarried couples?A、It will force them to pull their efforts together.B、It will undermine their mutual understanding.C、It will irreparably damage their relationship.D、It will help strengthen their em

25、otional bonds.【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C o推理判断题。文章本段最后两句提到，工作的不稳定、生活的艰辛最终会使得一些美国人维系家庭的努力消失殆尽，危机过后的数十年中随着经济复苏离婚率再次上升。由此可见，目前的经济危机最终会伤害夫妻关系至无法弥补，故答案为C。A“会迫使他们齐心协力是经济萧条初期会出现的情况，可以排除；B和D在文中均未提及。第16题【单选题】If you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors asArthur Frommer or Eugene Fodor,it will no

26、t surprise you to learn thattravel writing has a long and venerable history.Almost from the earliestannals of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for theiraccounts of journeys to strange and exotic locales.This passage is mostlyabout.A、why people find travel writing excitingB、the li

27、terary style of three early travel writersC、where three early travel writers went and wrote aboutD、how to write a travel book【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选C o主旨题。联系第一自然段和每段首句知道，本文讲了三个作家，锁定答案B和C,结合内容，文章主要讲关于他们的旅行和作品。第17题【单选题】This cloth won/t shrink when its washed.A、benefitB、smallerC、vagueD convince【正确答案】B【答案解析】

28、shrink收缩；畏缩;sm aller较小，更小的。第18题【单选题】You will be liable for any damage caused.A、liberalB、responsibleC、profoundD、rectify【正确答案】B【答案解析】be liable f o r有.责任；有.义务；responsible负责的，可靠的；有责任的。第19题【单选题】The building now will be finished in ten days.A、buildingB、to be builtC、being builtD built【正确答案】C【答案解析】句意：现在正在建的

29、楼十天后完工。表示正在进行，用现在分词，因为是被建，所以选C。being built相当于 which is being builto第20题【单选题】The hurricane was incredibly devastating and left thousands homeless.A、forcefulB、mightyC、destructiveD、dangerous【正确答案】C【答案解析】devastating毁灭性的。destructive破 坏（或毁灭）性的。参考译文：飓风以其难以令人置信的破坏力使得成千上万的人无家可归。第21题【单选题】She had come to Engla

30、nd to pursue an acting career.A、striveB、removeC、quitD chase【正确答案】D【答案解析】pursue继续；从事；追赶；纠缠；chase追逐；追捕。第22题【单选题】Between the two rows of trees the teaching building.A、standB、standsC、standingD、are【正确答案】B【答案解析】这是个倒装句,主语是the teaching building,所以谓语动词用单数形式。第23题【单选题】Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery

31、 ticket purposelessly,him a millionaire overnight.A、makingB、makesC、to makeD、made【正确答案】C（答案解析不定式作结果状语表示主语未曾预料到的结果。第24题【单选题】Is some German friends visited last week?A、this schoolB、this the schoolC、this school oneD、this school where【正确答案】B【答案解析】为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school thatsome German friends vis

32、ited last week.不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词.that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。第25题【单选题】The meeting next week will be of great importance.A、to be heldB、heldC、holdingD、is held【正确答案】A【答案解析】谓语动词用了将来时态，所以选不定式作定语,表将来。第26题【单选题】-Did you ask the guard happened?-Yes,he told meall he knew.A、what；that

33、B、what；whatC、which；whichD、that；that【正确答案】A【答案解析】what happened是宾语从句.a ll之 后that heknew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that。第27题【单选题】Rhythm in literature is a more or less regular occurrence of certainelements of writing：a word,a phrase,an idea,a sound,or a grammaticalconstruction.We are also accustomed to thi

34、s recurrence in the alternateheavy and light beats in music.Our love for rhythm seems to be innate:witness the responses of a small child to lively music.Children love tobeat on toy drums or empty boxes.They stamp their feet and chantnursery rhymes or nonsense syllables,not unlike primitive dancers.

35、Aschildren grow older,they are taught to restrain their responses torhythm,but our love of rhythm remains.We live in rhythms;in fact weare governed by rhythms.According to the passage,an adult/s reaction torhythm in music would probably be.A、uninhibitedB、indifferentC、restrainedD、responsible【正确答案】C【答

36、案解析】答案选c。该题的解题依据在本段结尾部分Aschildren grow older,they are taught to restrain their responsesto rhythm./作者讲：随着孩子的年龄逐渐增大，大人就会教他们抑制对节奏的反应，等他们长大之后，他们对音乐节奏的反应，更可能受到抑制。第28题【单选题】Somewhere around puberty(发育；青春期)，something happens in thetiming of the biological clock.(2)The clock pushes forward,soadolescents and

37、 teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they usedto.When your mother tells you its time for bed,your body may bepushing you to stay up for several hours more.And the light coming fromyour computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up evenlater.What is implied in the second paragraph

38、?A、Young childrens biological clock has the same rhythm with that ofthe teenagers.B、People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the changeof the biological clock.C、Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night thanadolescents.D、Teenagers go to bed later than they used to du

39、e to the light fromthe computer screen.【正确答案】C【答案解析】推理判断题，对应原句The clock pushes forward（推动）,so adolescents（青年）and teenagers are unable tofall asleep as early as they used to.的含义是青年人以前睡觉还要早。考 察used to（过去）的意思得到答案为C。第29题【单选题】Cohen doesnt worry much about students using their courses for evilA、thinksB、ad

40、vicesC、suggestionsD、purposes【正确答案】D【答案解析】Cohen并没有对学生利用该课程实施恶意行为有太多担心。Think：想，认为；advice：建议；suggestion：建议；purpose：目的，意图。第30题【单选题】Its impossible to detach oneself from reality.A、scatterB、separateC、reformD、prescribe【正确答案】B【答案解析】detach 分离；派遣；使超然；separate分开;隔开；分居。第31题【单选题】The black robin is one of the wor

41、lds rarest birds.It is a small,wild bird,and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere,off the coast of NewZealand.In 1967 there were about fifty black robins there;in 1977 therewere fewer than ten.A、These are the only black robins left in the world.B、Those that fail to meet the challenges will

42、disappear early.C、Both represent orders in the classification of life.D、Detailed studies are going on,and a public appeal for money hasbeen made.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。前文说的是The black robin（旅 东 鸟）的现存数量和活动地点。选项A 说的是这里成为有The blackrobin的唯一的地方。所以，选项A 是合适的选项。第32题【单选题】Frankfurt,Germany,is one of the most popula

43、ted regions ofWest Europe.A、denselyB、vastlyC、enormouslyD、largely【正确答案】A【答案解析】densely稠密的。vastly广泛的。enormously巨大的/庞大的。largely主要的/很大程度上。第33题【单选题】Drug use accounts for approximately three-quarters of all reportedcases of HIV in the country.A、possiblyB、roughlyC、generallyD、specificly【正确答案】B【答案解析】approxima

44、tely大致地，近似地。roughly大体上，大致上。参考译文：在那个国家，在所报道的所有艾滋病病例中，吸毒者约占75%。第34题【单选题】A powerful indictment of America/s disregard of ecology,Silent Springwas aimed chiefly at the wholesale use of chemical pesticides,especiallyDDT.A、一个对美国忽视生态的有力控诉，沉默的春天主要是针对大规模使用农药，特别是滴滴涕。B、沉默的春天有力地控诉了美国忽视生态，它主要是针对大规模使用农药一一特别是滴滴涕。C

45、、有力地控诉了美国对生态的忽视，沉默的春天主要是针对大规模使用农药，特别是滴滴涕。D、沉默的春天 对美国忽视生态，主要是针对大规模使用农药，特别是滴滴涕的使用，进行了有力的控诉。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。本句的主语是Silent Spring,注意Apowerful indictment of”的翻译。第35题【单选题】It is necessary that a college student at least a foreignlanguage.A、mastersB、should masterC、masteredD will master【正确答案】B【答案解析】It is ne

46、cessary(clear/true/strange/important/wonderful/possible/likely.)that.,这类主语从句中，谓语动词多为(should)+动词原形，即要用虚拟语气。第36题【单选题】Father had no more than a superficial knowledge of music.A、widespreadB、shallowC、reluctantD subsequent【正确答案】B【答案解析】superficial 表面的；肤浅的；shallow浅的;肤浅的。第37题【单选题】Many artists express their w

47、orld view in their work.A、presentB、preliminaryC、neglectD necessity【正确答案】A【答案解析】express表达；present提出；介绍；呈现。第38题【单选题】The devastating floods and droughts that imposed a recurrent tax ofsuffering on the farmers on longer occur.Egyptian agriculture has beentransformed,and industry is benefiting from power

48、 generated by thedam.A、过去不断给农民带来灾难的旱涝两灾，现在不再发生了。埃及的农业得到了改造，工业也用上了水坝发的电。B、过去不断给农民带来灾难的不但有旱涝两灾，还有税收。但是现在埃及的农业得到改造，工业也用上了水坝发的电。C、过去不断给农民带来灾难的旱涝两灾，现在不再发生了。埃及的农业得到了改良，水坝发的电也用在了工业上。D、过去不断给农民带来灾难的不但有旱涝两灾，还有税收。但是埃及的农业得到了改良，工业也给水坝发电带来了很大的好处。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。句子中tax of suffering属于比喻，把suffering比作是强加在人们身上的tax,而

49、并非真正的征收税收。根据这一点可以排除B和D项，同时根据句子中的and可以得知前后应该是并列的，也就是说agriculture和industry是并列的，同时翻译的时候也应该是并列的，这样不但符合句法也让句子结构更合理。第39题【单选题】Would you l i ke,sir?No,thanks.I have had much.A、some more orangesB、any more orangesC、some more orangeD、any more orange【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选C o当用委婉的语气希望得到对方肯定回答的时候，疑问句中的some不能变成any。从答语

50、中的much可判断出前面的名词应该是不可数的。此句话的汉语意思是：一先生，还要点橙汁吗？一不了，谢谢，我已喝了很多了。第40题【单选题】Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paidleave from work to care for a newborn child.Last spring one of the two,Australia,gave up that dubious distinction by establishing paid familyleave starting in 201