2023年高考英语重难题型高分攻略02代词（教师版）.pdf

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1、备机2023高考语法之代词考点目录内容板块一基础知识解析板块二单句语法填空板块三篇章语法填空一：基础知识解析1；考点预测代词在近年高考试题中出现频率非常高。代词的考查集中在语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查代词的主格，宾格，形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词和反身代词。预 计2023年高考命题将继续考查代词在具体、特定语境下的灵活运用。特别是不定代词one,the one,ones,the ones与指示代词this,that,these,those,it的用法区别，代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语。考点仍然以人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词等为主。2：知识精讲1.人称代

2、词、物主代词、反身代词类别功能第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格作主语Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格作宾语meusyouyouhimheritthem物主代词形容词性物主代词作定语myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词作主语、宾语或表语mineoursyoursyourshishers/theirs反身代词作宾语、表语或同位语myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves特别提醒人称代词的主格多作句子主语;宾1语。在口语中,常用人称代词的宾才若用在及物动词或介词后作宾语

3、,t各作表语。特别注意:人称代词指fz可作表语或同位弋的数前后要一致。2.不定代词形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,可单独作主语、表语和宾语,也可与of连用作后置定语,但不能单独作定语。含有反身代词的习惯用语:by oneself单独地，独自地;for oneself亲自，为自己;devote oneselft o 致力于;apply oneself t o 专心致志于;enjoy oneself过得愉快;help oneself t o 随便吃，随便用;make yourself at home 另

4、 ij拘束;seat oneself 坐下;behave oneself 举止得体;come tooneself 恢复知觉，苏醒过来;adapt/adjusl oneself to 适应;abandon oneself to 沉迷于，放纵于;express oneself 表达某人的思想;lose oneself in(=be lost in)迷失;say to oneself 心里想;talk to oneself自言自语each/everyeach指“（两者或两者以上的人或物的）每个,可与o f短语搭配;every指“（三者或三者以上的人或物的）每个 ，在句中只作定语，不可与o f短语搭配

5、。all/bothboth表示“两者都”;a ll指“（三者或三者以上的人或物的）所有，全部“。either/neithereither表示“（两者中的）任何一个;neither表示 两者都不none/nothing/no one/nobodynone指人或物,表特指，表示“（三者或三者以上中）无一个，没有一点“，可与o f短语连用;nothing指物,表泛指，表示“没有任何东西，没有事”，不与of短语连用;no one/nobody指人，表泛指，不与o f短语连用。another泛指“另一个”。other/othersthe other/the othersother泛指“另外一些“，只作定

6、语，常与可数名词复数连用;others泛指“其余的人或物”，相当于other+复数名词。the other特指（两者之中的）另一个;the other+可数名词复数=the othersfew/a fewfew表示“很少人/物”;a few表示“有些人/物”，修饰或指代名词复数。little/a littlelittle表示“不多的”;a little表示“少量的，一些”,修饰或指代不可数名词。many/muchmany表示“许多”，修饰或指代可数名词复数;much表示“许多”，修饰或指代不可数名词。不定代词用于习惯搭配中nothing but 只有;只不过 anything but 决不 s

7、omething of 有几分;略微 or something 诸如此类的人或物 every other d ay 每 隔 一 天 each other（两者）相互 one another（三者或三者 以上）相互 one.another.（三者或三者 以上）一个 另一个 one.the other.（ffi者中）一个 另一个 some.others.一些 另一些特别提醒部分否定和全部否定（l）no one,none,nobody,nothing,not.any/either 以及“no+名词 都表示全部否定；(2)all,both,everyone/everybody/everything 以

8、及“every+名词 与 not 连用时，表部分否定;(3)not与总括性副词，如 everywhere,always,altogether等连用时，也表示部分否定。3.it的用法指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象。还可以指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to theefforts of the local governments to increase it.由于当地政府努力提高就业率,大城市的就业率不断上升。用作形式主语

9、或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或it作形式主语的常用句型：It+be+iz/.+for/of sb.+to doIt is no good/use doing sth.Its(well)worth doing.It+be+名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder/.)+that 从句It+不及物动词(短语Xseem/appear/turn out/occur to sb./.)+that 从句It+be+过去分词+that从句It takes sb.time/money to do sth.从句it作形式宾语的常用句型：iin+think/believe/suppose/con

10、sider/feel/make.+it+rf/.+(for/of sb.)to do/that 从句iin+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep.+it+no use/no good/a waste oftime/money/energy.+doing.含有it的常考短语或句型It depends.视情况而定。Take it easy.别着急。believe it or not信不信由你make it获得成功，准时到达take it for granted that.认为.是理所当然的as someone puts it像某人所说的那样Wh

11、en it comes to.当涉及/谈到.Its(high)time that sb.should do/did sth.是某人该做某事的时候了Its the first/second/.time that sb.have/has done sth.这是某人第一次/二次/.次做某事It is/has been.since.自从.多久了It will be/was.before 要过.时间才.强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who.3：解题思路1.如果句中缺少主语，则用人称代词的主格；2.如果句中缺少宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；3.如果句中缺少定语，则用形容词性物主代词

12、；4.如果宾语或表语又反射到句子主语，则用反身代词。二：单句语法填空l.In the deaf culture of North America,many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but bywaving in the air.解析：th e m 句意:在北美聋人文化中，许多听众不是通过拍手而是通过在空中挥动双手来喝彩。设空处用them代替hands以避免重复。2.Hopefully,the handsome tumover of the Forbidden City will i m p r o v e(i t)

13、international image ofbeing part of the worlds cultural heritage.解析：i t s 句意:希望这一可观的营业额能改善紫禁城作为世界文化遗产的一部分的国际形象。设空处修饰后面的名词image。所以要用形容词性物主代词。故填淞。3.To war m(him),the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.解析：him self,句意:为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前,两只赤脚互相蹭着。设空处如果宾语或表语又反射到句子主语，则用反身

14、代词。4.1f we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden (we)view and gain knowledge we cannot get frombooks.解析：根据前面的主语we可知，此处要用our,如果我们去国外旅行，我们就可以拓宽我们的视野，获得我们无法从书籍中获得的知识。5.She was extremely pretty,and her house was a reflection o f(s h e),everything in good taste and inperfect order.解析：h erself考查代词。根据句意可知，此处意

15、为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词，提 示 词 she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。6.Data about the moons composition,such as how much ice and other treasures it contains,could help Chinadecide w h e t h e r(i t)plans for a future lunar(月 球的)base are practical.解析：its所填词修饰后面的plan s,故填it 的形容词性物主代词形式its。7.Readers are encouraged to co

16、ntinue exploring the digital world with the guidance of(we)Further Resources section featured in each volume.解析：oui考查代词。修饰名词Further Resources section,前用形容词性物主代词。故填our。8.Yang hung the medal around (she)neck after being handed the gold on a tray offered by Bach,inkeeping with Covid-19 regulations in p

17、lace at the Olympics.解析：h e r 考查代词。空格处修饰其后的名词n eck,故填形容词性物主代词her。杨在巴赫提供的托盘上得到金牌后，将奖牌挂在她的脖子上，以符合奥运会上Covid.19的规定。9.The N.B.A.s u s p e n d e d(it)season,the French Open was postponed for several months and theTokyo Olympics were delayed a year.解析：I t s 考查形容词性物主代词。修饰名词season应用形容词性物主代词。故填its0使用的N.B.A.暂停

18、它的赛季，法网公开赛被推迟了几个月，东京奥运会也被推迟了一年。lO.The young policeman was touched by(they)loss and sadness,and said that he was more thanwilling to act as their son.解析：th e ir 考查形容词性物主代词。修饰名词loss and sadness应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。这位年轻的警察被他们的失去和悲伤所感动，他说他非常愿意扮演他们的儿子。1 l.It falls on the first Saturday in Ap r i l.(i t)aim

19、 is to honor and celebrate Americas children andstress the importance of love as they grow up.解析：I t s 考查形容词性物主代词。修饰名词aim应用形容词性物主代词。故 填 Its。这是4 月的第一个星期六。它的目标是纪念和庆祝美国的孩子，并强调他们成长过程中爱的重要性。12.There are some scientists,for instance,who study what makes winning runners so fast.(other)study running lizards

20、 and astronauts in space to find out how to keep humans healthy both onand off planet Earth.解析：O th ers考查代词。此处指的是其他的科学家，且位于句首，故 填 Others。例如，有一些科学家研究是什么让获胜者如此之快。其他的研究在太空中奔跑蜥蜴和宇航员，以了解如何在地球上和场外保持人类的健康。1 3.If you want to k e e p(y o u)from being hungry later of the day,youd better eat within 90 minutesa

21、fter waking up.解析：yourself考查反身代词。分析句子可知，本句的主语为y o u,当主语和宾语表示同一个人时,宾语用反身代词。故填yourself。1 4.0nly in this way can young boys and girls be allowed to enjoy the most valuable time of(they)lives一childhood.解析：th e ir 考查代词。根据句意可知，句中“lives”为“life”的复数形式，意为“生命”，名词词性，前面应用形容词性物主代词修饰，“they”意为“他们”，为人称代词主格，对应的形容词性物主

22、代词为“their”,意为 他们的。故填their。1 5.She saw that she would first need to get work and establish on a paying basis.解析：herself考查代词。句意：她意识到自己首先需要找份工作，在有收入的基础上养活自己。根据句意，当主语和宾语所指相同时，宾语要用反身代词，故此处要填反身代词在句中作宾语。故填herself。16.Generation after generation,our forefathers worked hard and created a splendid culture on t

23、his land of_(us)解析：ours考查代词。句意：一代又一代，我们的先辈们在我们的这片土地上辛勤耕耘创造了灿烂的文化。分析句子可知，空白处所缺的词义相当于“我们的土地”，应用名词性物主代词。故填ours。17.P u s h(y o u)to the limit and find out what you can really achieve.解析：yourself考查反身代词。句意：把自己推向极限，找出你真正能做到的。本句是祈使句，省略了主语y o u,空处应用反身代词做宾语，故填yourself。18.This meant more to 4(I)lhan anything e

24、lse.And it made me think that maybe I need to set timeaside telling the people in my life how much I appreciate what they did.解析：m e考查代词。句意：这对我来说比其他任何事情都重要。这让我觉得也许我需要留出时间告诉生活中的人们我是多么感激他们所做的事情。to为介词后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。本句to后 接 I的宾格me作宾语。故填me。19.1n other words,the book teaches us how to bring out the better

25、 part of as well as how andwhat to read.解析：ourselves考查代词的用法。句意为:换句话说，书籍教会我们如何发掘自己的优点,以及如何阅读和阅读什么。根据句意可知，此处表示的是“发掘我们自己的优点”，应用反身代词。故填。urselves。20.If you say No to someone,they may give you various reasons to try and change(you)mind.解析：your考查代词的用法。句意为:如果你对某人说“不”，他们可能会给你各种各样的理由来试图改变你的想法。change one*s min

26、d是固定用法，意为“改变某人的想法”;根据句中的you”可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词your作定语，修饰mind。故填your。21.We all had big plans for our futures and believed there was a dream job waiting f o r(we)onethat would pay well and give great job satisfaction.解析：考查代词的用法。句意为:我们所有人对我们的未来都有大计划,并相信有一份理想的工作正在等待我们一份待遇好并能给予我们极大的工作满足感的工作。此处表示一份理想的工作在等待“我

27、们”，应用“we”的宾格形式us作宾语。故填us。22.There is some doubt whether one day(us)will find a cure to deal with COVID-19,the horribledisease,which now spreads all over the world.解析：we考查代词的用法。句意为:有人怀疑有一天我们是否能找到治疗CO VID/9的方法，这种可怕的疾病现在已经蔓延到全世界。23.Go on a journey and visit places of interest.In this way,you can find t

28、he culture there different fromof your hometown.解析：that句意为:去长途旅行并参观名胜古迹。这样你可以发现那里的文化与你家乡的文化不同。分析句子成分可知，设空处指代the culture。指代同一种事物但并非同一个，应用代词that。故填that。24.1 would appreciate if you can turn down the radio a little bit.解析：i t 考查代词固定句型I would appreciate it if.句意为:我将很感激如果你能把收音机调小一点.25.What a bargain!The

29、price of the coat is not half as much as of the evening dress.解析：that考查代词。句意：真便宜!这件上衣的价格还不到晚礼服的一半。that代指上文出现的不可数名词。此 处 that代指上文的不可数名词price。故填that。2 6.1n other words,the book teaches us how to bring out the better part of as well as how andwhat to read.解析：ourselves考查代词的用法。句意为:换句话说，书籍教会我们如何发掘自己的优点,以及如

30、何阅读和阅读什么。根据句意可知，此处表示的是“发掘我们自己的优点”，应用反身代词。故填。urselves。27.We all had big plans for our futures and believed there was a dream job waiting for(we)-one that would pay well and give great job satisfaction.解析：us考查代词的用法。句意为:我们所有人对我们的未来都有大计划,并相信有一份理想的工作正在等待我们一份待遇好并能给予我们极大的工作满足感的工作。此处表示一份理想的工作在等待“我们“，应用“we”的

31、宾格形式US作宾语。故填use28.Miss Bessie noticed things that had to do with schoolwork but were vital to a youngstersdevelopment.解析：nothing考查代词。句意为:Bessie女士注意到一些与学业无关、但对孩子的成长至关重要的事情。have nothing to do with 是固定短语，意为“与.无 关 故 填 nothingo2 9.She r e c o g n i z e d(I)potential and showed me that I could write with

32、creativity and showed methat I could write with creativity and enthusiasm.解析：my考查形容词性物主代词。句意：她意识到了我的潜力，向我展示了我可以用创造力来写作，也向我展示了我可以用创造力和热情来写作。分析句子结构可知，此处的potential是名词，意为“潜力”,所以此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填my。3 O.Besides,people on the WeChat are more likely to compare(t h e y)wi t h others,which will makethem fee

33、l bad when finding some people seem to be successful.解析：themselves考查反身代词。句意：此外，微信上的人更容易与别人比较，当他们发现有些人似乎很成功时,这会让他们自己感觉很郁闷。文中表示“人们自己与他人比较”,用反身代词,故填themselves。31.People pick up the bikes and then ride and drop off anywhere they like,locking the back wheel,with no need to find a fixed place.解析：them 考查代词

34、。句意：人们取自行车，然后骑上，然后把它们放在任何他们喜欢的地方，锁上后轮，不需要找到一个固定的地方。空处指代上文的“bikes”作宾语，需用代词them。故填them。32.A number of Olympic high technologies have been applied for the first time in Beijing to ensure(it)goal of carbon neutrality.解析：its考查形容词性物主代词。句意：许多奥运高技术已首次应用于北京，以确保碳中和的目标。修饰空后名词词组goal of carbon neutrality应用形容词性物主

35、代词。故填its。33.As is shown in the comments of the audience,the spirits of the heroes who fought bloodily for ourcountry and the people have a r o u s e d(t h e y)national pride and reminded them to value today s peacefullife.解析：their考查代词。句意：正如在观众的评论中所显示的，为我们的国家和人民浴血奋战的英雄们的精神唤起了他们的民族自豪感，提醒他们珍惜今天的和平生活。修饰

36、名词pride需用形容词性物主代词 theiro 故填 theiro34.The witness was asked a lot of questions by the policeman,but she didnt answer of them.解析：a n y 考查代词。句意：警察问了证人许多问题，但她任何一个也没回答。由后一句的转折和否定意义可知，空格处应填any表示“任何一个问题九故填any。35.Actually,I do know I need to dr a g(I)away from the online world sometimes.解析：myself考查反身代词。句意：实

37、际上，我确实知道有时候我需要把自己从网络世界中抽离出来。空格处在句子中做及物动词drag的宾语，括号内所给代词，和句子主语指代一致，所以要用反身代词。故填 myselfo36.Being a parent is not always easy,and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries withextra stress.解析：it.考查代词的用法。句意：作为一个父母并非总是一件容易的事，但是作为一个有特殊需求的孩子的父母来说就需要有更多的额外的压力。it特 指 being the parent of a ch

38、ild with special needs这件事。37.Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years,she lost of her enthusiasm forlife.解析：n on e.表示三者以上的否定意用none句意：罗斯玛丽这么多年遭受了严重疾病所带来的痛苦，但是她一点也没有丧失对生活的热情。38.As the song goes,this long and winding road will never disappear,and it will always stick in thevisito

39、rs memory.It sure does in (I).解析：考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句it will always stick in the visitor、memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。三：篇章语法填空Passage AThe National Art Gallery,located at the heart of Canberra,Australia,is a must to visi

40、t.The architecture of thegallery 36(it)is impressive and unique.Many types of paintings are 37(separate)on displaybased on the painters*country of origin.It is roughly estimated that there 38_(be)at least a thousandpaintings in the gallery.It even has a special section 39 paintings by art students a

41、re exhibited.The qualityand the imagination of the young painters are also extraordinary.Among all those exhibits,the aboriginal(土著的)paintings are the most 40_(strike).There is asad history surrounding the natives of Australia.In the 19th century,when white 41(settler)came toAustralia,most of the ch

42、ildren of the aboriginals 42(take)away from their own parents and brought upby white parents.Some of the paintings express this theme,which could move visitors 43 tears.During holidays,the gallery is always crowded with parents and their children.It is amazing 44(see)small children appreciating such

43、 abstract paintings.The National Art Gallery is truly 45 attraction worth visiting.解析：36.itself 37.separately 38.are 39.where 40.striking41.settlers 42.were taken 43.to#into 44.to see 45.an36.考查代词。句意：美术馆本身的建筑风格令人印象深刻，独具特色。分析句子可知，空处代词作同位语强调 The architecture of the gallery 本身。故填 itselfo37.考查副词。句意：根据画家

44、的原籍国，还分别展出了多种绘画。分析句子可知，空处应用副词separately作状语，修饰空后的介词短语on displayo故填separatelyo38.考查be动词。句意：据粗略估计，这个画廊里至少有一千幅画。根据空后的a thousand paintings可知，这里应用复数are。故填are。39.考查定语从句引导词。句意：它甚至有一个专门的区域，展示艺术学生的绘画。分析句子可知，本句为定语从句,先行词section指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语,因此应用关系副词where。故填where。40.考查形容词。句意：在所有这些展品中，土著绘画是最引人注目的。根据句意及分析句子可知，be

45、动词are后面应跟形容词，the+most+striking。故填striking。41.考查名词。句意：在 19世纪，当白人移民来到澳大利亚时，土著居民的孩子大多被从父母身边带走，由白人父母抚养长大。根据本句末尾的white parents可知，空处的settler应用复数形式做主语。故填 settlers o42.考查被动语态。分析句子可知，children和 take away之间是被动关系，因此应用被动语态，再根据空前的cam e可知应用一般过去时。故填were taken。43.考查介词。句意：有些画作表达了这一主题，能让参观者感动落泪。move sb.to/into tears为固

46、定短语，意 为“使某人感动得落泪”。故填to或 into。44.考查动词不定式。句意：看到小孩子欣赏这样的抽象画真是令人惊奇。分析句子结构可知，固定句型皿+2山+”101.意 为“做某事是怎么样的”，因此空处应用不定式。故填to see。45.考查冠词。句意：国家美术馆确实是一个值得参观的景点。分析句子可知，attraction为可数名词单数，且是元音音素开头，因此空处应用不定冠词an。故填an。Passage BSayram Lake,known as a pearl on the mountain,is the 36(large)and highest alpine lake in the

47、Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.The lake lies in a mountain basin in the western part of Tianshan Mountain.37 is the only way to Hi prefecture.In ancient China,the lake_38(call)the clean sea.It is also known as the Atlantic Oceans lastteardrop,because it is the farthest place 39 the warm and humid(

48、湿)air current of the Atlantic Oceanreaches._ 40(locate)2,073 meters above sea level and measuring 30 kilometers long and 25 kilometers wide,the lake covers 41 area of 460 square kilometers.The main source of the lake is ground water,inaddition to some snow and river water.The lake rises 42 3 to 5 ce

49、ntimeters every year.Its area also43(continue)to grow.The water in the lake is clear and peaceful,44(attract)flocks of ducks and swans.Flourishingcedar(雪松)trees cover the whole mountain.Herds of horses and sheep graze on the grassland.The lake hasbecome a top 45(choose)for lovers to take wedding pho

50、tos and spend their honeymoons.解析：36.largest 37.It 38.was called 39.that 40.Located41.an 42.by 43.continues 44.attracting 45.choice36.考查形容词最高级。句意：赛里木湖，素有山上明珠之称，是新疆维吾尔自治区面积最大、海拔最高的高山湖泊。提示词是与空后highest是并列关系，用形容词最高级作定语，修饰名词alpine lake。故填 largest.37.考查代词。句意：该湖位于天山西部的一个山盆中。这是去伊犁州的必经之路。空处做主语，指代上文的Sayram L