2023年高考英语重难题型高分攻略07定语从句（教师版）.pdf

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1、备战2023高考语法之定语从句考点目录内容板块一基础知识解析板块二单句语法填空板块三篇章语法填空一：基础知识解析1：考点归纳定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：1.考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。如：that,which和 where,when的区分；that,which和 why的区分等。2.考查whose的使用。whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。指物时，whose+名词=名 词+of which=ofwhich+名词。如：3.考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从

2、句。尤其要重视which,a s引导的非限制性定语从句和it,what引导的主语从句的区分。4.考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：5.考查“介词+关 系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用w hom,指物时用w hich,不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如:6.考查一些特殊的先行词。如：当 situation,point,case,activity,scene 及 period,festival,occasion等出现时，要注意具体情况具体分析；作主语、宾语和表语时，用关系代词Ihat/which;作状语时，用关系副词where/when或

3、“介词+which，表示在某种特定的情形下。7.考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别。2：知识详解1：关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词用法例句who用于指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。She and her familywhom用于指人，在从句中作宾语，可用who代替;若从句中的介词提到关系代词前，只能用Whom直接跟在介词后作宾语,不可用who代替。bicycle to work,which helps themkeep fit.which用于指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于他关系that既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与Who、whom互换,指物时通常可与whi

4、ch互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。们保持健康。The little problems thatwe meet in our dailylives may be inspirationsfor great inventions.我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发代词whose表示所属关系，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which;指人时相当于of whom oas引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语。引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句，明的灵感来源。意为“正如;像”。that和先行词是 all、few、little much

5、something、anything nothing只用等不定代词时。My eldest son,whosework takes him all overwhichthat 的先行词被 the only、the very、the same、all 等修饰时。the world,is in New的用法情况先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。先行词既有人又有物时。York at the moment.我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现区只用引导非限制性定语从句时。在在纽约。别which 的情况关系代词指物，且前有介词时。asa s引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前

6、、中、后,as常译为“正如，正和which的像.从句的谓语动词多为 see、know、expect say mention、report等。The number of smokers,as is reported,has区Which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个主句时，只能置于主句后，常译dropped by 17 percent in别特为“这;这一点;这件事”等。(l)whom、which、that在从句中作宾语时可省略;但介词提前时不能省略，lust one year.正如报道的那样,吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经别提也不能用thato(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于下列句式:su

7、ch+名词+as减少了 17%。醒(像.一样的;像.之类的);the same+名词+as(和.同样的2：关系副词引导的定语从句关系副用法例句词when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于 表时间的介词(in,at,on,during等)+which”。The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed tomake a living.完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。where指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于“表地点的介词(in,at,on等)+which”。Students should involve themsel

8、ves in community activitieswhere they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参与社团活动,在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于fbr+which”。Do you know the reason why he didnt attend the meetingyesterday?你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？特别提醒当先行词为 situation、case stagepoint等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，常用关系副词where引导。Their child is at the st

9、age where she can say individual words butnot full sentences.他们的孩子处于能说个别单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。3：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“the+名词+of which/whom”结构引导的定语从句,一般为非限制性定语从句。该结构中的名词和后面的关系代词之间为所属关系。The newly-built cafe,the walls of which(=whose walls)arepainted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,especially after ha

10、rd work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。“表示全部或部分的词语+of which/whom”结构引导的定语从句。常见的表示全部或部分的词或结构有:不定代词(all、both,none,some、many等);数词(基数词、序数词、百分数、分数等);the+形容词的比较级/最高级。Scientists have advanced many theories about why humanbeings cry tears,none of which has been proved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么在哭泣时流泪的理论,这

11、些理论都尚未得到证实。Many young people,most of whom were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远的地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。“介词+which+名词”结构引导的定语从句。He may win the competition,in which case he is likely to getinto the national team.他可能会赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话他就可能进入国家队。特别提醒“介词+关系代词 引导定语从句时，关

12、系代词只能用Which和 whom,且不能省略。三步解题法找出主句2 找 出先行词在从句中作名词的F作主语、宾语、表,艮正成-Miose先行词指人-也&哂。、vdiMn先行词指物-由就、*ic h3.将关系词代入从句，作状语-人参1 7 Hr系副1次司，彳亍词指代整个主句的内容-w h idi或as表时间-刷im表地点-where表原因-why注意:先行词为 sitnations case、stage、point 等,、定语从句常用w inre引导二：单句语法填空l.In many ways,the education system in China is different from in

13、western countries.解析：that句意:中国的教育体制在很多方面都不同于西方国家的教育体制。根据句意可知，此处应用that指代前面已经提到过的单数名词the education systemo2.People frequently participate in physical exercises should account for over 45 percent of thepopulation by 2035.解析：who/that考查定语从句。句意为:到2035年,经常参加身体锻炼的关数将占人口总数的45%。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句，先行词是“People”

14、,指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应 用 w ho或者that引导该从句。故填who/thato3.Hes a very good act or,a lot of comedians are not,and he*s a good director and a good writer aswell.解析：which考查定语从句。句意为:他是一个非常好的演员,许多喜剧演员却不是（好演员），而且他也是一个好的导演和好的作家。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“very goodactor”,指演员，且关系词在从句中作表语，应用which引导该从句。故填which 4.Mary an

15、d Jim made an appointment of an interview at 8 on Saturday morning,they would befree.解析：when考查定语从句。句意为:Mary和 Jim 预约的面试时间是星期六上午8 点，那时他们都有空。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句，先行词是“8 on Saturday morning”,表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应 用 when引导该从句。故填vvheno5.On days the air quality is so poor that classes are suspended,we stay hom

16、e and help Mama have athorough cleaning.解析：when句意为:在空气质量很差以致停课的日子里，我们待在家里帮妈妈大扫除。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词days,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故填关系副词wheno6.The ancient tradition,date is determined by the lunar calendar and falls somewhere betweenJanuary 21 and February 20 each year,is the longest and most important of

17、 all Chinese festivals.解析：whose句意：这个古老的传统是中国所有节日中历时最长、最重要的，它的日期由阴历决定，在每年的1月21日和2 月20日之间。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词The ancienttradition与从句中的date之间是所属关系，所以用关系代词whoseo7.The old pictures bring the Greens to the days which they spent together,life was hard buthappy.解析：when句意为:这些旧照片把格林一家带回了他们一起度过的日子，那时生活虽

18、然艰苦，但很快乐。life was hard but happy是定语从句，修饰先行词days,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,所以应用关系副词when。8.Sympathy is much needed in this world a lot of changes has taken place because of the outbreakof the novel coronavirus in 2020.解析：where考查定语从句关系词。句意：在这个2020年新型冠状病毒爆发后发生了很多变化的世界，我们很需要同情。分析句子，该空需要一个关系词引导定语从句修饰先行词this world,“在

19、这个的世界里定语从句中主语是changes,谓语动词take place。不及物无被动。所以关系词代替先行词在从句中做地点状语，所以应填where。故填where。9.is typical of modern novels,the plot isn*t very important,instead the emphasis is on howcharacters react to ordinary events.解析:As句意为:正如现代小说的典型特征，剧情不是非常重要，重点在于角色对普通事件的反应。is typical of modern novels在此是非限制性定语从句，关系词代指主句全

20、部内容，在从句中作主语,which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后，所以应用关系代词AsolO.People frequently participate in physical exercises should account for over 45 percent of thepopulation by 2035.解析：who/that考查定语从句。句意为:到2035年,经常参加身体锻炼的关数将占人口总数的45%。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句，先行词是People”,指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应 用 w ho或者that引导该从句。故填who/thato11.Hes a v

21、ery good act or,a lot of comedians are not,and hes a good director and a goodwriter as well.解析：which考查定语从句。句意为:他是一个非常好的演员,许多喜剧演员却不是（好演员），而且他也是一个好的导演和好的作家。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“very goodactor”,指演员，且关系词在从句中作表语，应用which引导该从句。故填which。12.Mary and Jim made an appointment of an interview at 8 on Satur

22、day mo r n i n g,they would befree.解析:when考查定语从句。句意为:Mary和 Jim预约的面试时间是星期六上午8 点，那时他们都有空。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句，先行词是8 on Saturday morning”,表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应 用 when引导该从句。故填when。13.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Ma c c l e s f i e l d,.s h eopened with her late husband

23、Les.解析：w h ic h 句意:现在,Irene Astbury每天早上9 点到下午5 点在麦克尔斯菲尔德的宠物店工作，这家店是她和已故丈夫Les共同开的。设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the pet shop。关系词在从句中作opened的宾语，所以要用关系代词which引导。14.Although water plays a vital role in the celebration,there is much more to the festival,especially duringthe first two days water splashing is compa

24、ratively kept under control.解析：w h e n 句意:尽管在庆祝活动中水起到了至关重要的作用，但对这个节日来说，还有更多的东西。尤其是在最初的两天，泼水是相对被控制的。分析句子结构可知设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词days,该从句中缺少表示时间的状语，所以要用关系副词when引导。15.Too much homework is not the only reason students stay up late.Some often watch TV orplay computer games late into the night.解析：w h y 句意:作业

25、太多并不是学生熬夜的唯一原因。一些学生经常看电视或玩电脑游戏到深夜。设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词reason关系词在从句中作状语，表示原因，所以要用关系副词why引导。16.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of uses it differently.解析：w h ic h 句意:英语是一种由几种不同文化共享的语言,每一种文化使用它的方式都不同。先行词是cultures,是指物的名词，所以介词后要用关系代词which,17.The news is published without checkin

26、g whether it is a fact or not can create unnecessaryconfusion and extreme feelings among the common masses.解析：that/which句意:未经核实就发布的新闻,会在普通民众中造成不必要的混乱和极端情绪。设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词The news,关系词在从句中充当主语，所以要用关系代词that或 which引导。18.Unlike in the We s t,e v e r y o n e has their own plate of food,in China the dish

27、es are placed onthe table and shared by all people.解析：w h ere两个逗号之间是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the West。关系词在从句中作地点状语,所以要用关系副词where引导。19.Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday.The day after it has been known as Black Friday,.isthe start of the holiday shopping season.解析：w h ic h 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Black Friday.关系词在定

28、语从句中作主语,且先行词指物，要用关系代词which引导。20.We will use new media to bring the shows to more ordinary p e o p l e,w i l l let them know aboutthe modern development of Chinese arts.解析：w h ic h 句意:我们将用新媒体把节目带给更多的普通人，让他们了解中国艺术的现代发展。设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句，所以要用关系代词Which引导。21.Studies have shown that students use ha

29、ndwriting to take notes in class remember informationbetterimproving their scores by as much as 15 percent.解析：w ho或 that考查定语从句。句意：研究表明，在课堂上用手写笔记的学生能更好地记住信息他们的分数提高了 15%。空处引导定语从句，先行词students,指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/who引导。故填that/whoo22.The 2014 Sochi Olympics used 80%artificial s n o w,l a t e r rose t

30、o 90%at the 2018 PyeongchangWinter Olympics.解析：which考查定语从句。句意：2014年索契冬奥会使用了 80%的人工雪，后来在2018年平昌冬奥会上，人工雪的使用率上升到90%。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“artificial snow”，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词“which”引导从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。23.Bing Dwen Dwen wears a full-body“shell“made out of i c e,wa s inspired by bingtanghulua t

31、raditional Beijing street snack,according to Cao Xue,the designer of the mascot.解析：which考查定语从句。句意：据吉祥物设计师曹雪介绍，“冰墩墩”全身裹着一个冰“壳”，灵感来自北京传统街头小吃冰糖葫芦。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词a full-body“shell，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。24.Louis Cha（Chinese:Cha Leung Yung;10 March 1924-30 October 2018）,better known by his p

32、en nameJin Yong,was a Chinese wuxia novelist and e s sa y is t,c o-fo u n d e d the Hong Kong daily newspaper MingBao in 1959 and served as the first editor-in-chief.解析：who考查定语从句。根据句子结构关系可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Louis Cha,在定语从句中作主语，用 who。25.She discovered Artemisinin（青蒿素），a drug has significantly reduced

33、the death rates forpatients suffering from malaria.u Artemisinin is a gift for the world people from the traditional Chinese medicine.解析：which/that考查定语从句。句意：她发现了青蒿素，这是一种能显著降低疟疾患者死亡率的药物。分析句子可知，has significantly reduced the death rates for patients suffering from malaria”为定语从句，修饰先行词a drug”，同时先行词在定语从句中

34、作主语，故 填 which/that。26.But scientists believe that the method works because it excites the central nervous system,causes the body to release helpful chemicals.解析：which考查定语从句。句意：但科学家认为，这种方法之所以有效，是因为它能刺激中枢神经系统，从而使身体释放有益的化学物质。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是前面描述的整个句子，因此空格处用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。27.The book

35、store consists of three parts,one of is die area of about 30 square meters,accommodating at most 15 people inside at a time.解析：which考查定语从句。句意：书店由三个部分组成，其中一个是面积约3 0 平方米，一次最多可容纳15人。非限制性定语从句中缺少介词o f的宾语,且先行词为three parts,所以应用关系代词whicho故填which o28.In Paris,he met the young Italian chemist Ascanio S o b r

36、e r o,i n v e n te d nitroglycerine（硝化甘油）three years earlier,a highly explosive liquid.解析：who考查定语从句。句意：在巴黎，他遇到了年轻的意大利化学家Ascanio Sobrero,他在三年前发明了硝化甘油，一种高度爆炸性的液体。句中先行词为Ascanio Sobrero,指人，在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故填who。29.Teddy was injected（注射）twice and had to remain in a cage and became inactive.It

37、 broke Annie*s heartseeing that her loving f r ie n d,b r o u g h t such happiness and joy to our family,had to suffer from great pain.解析：who考查定语从句。句意：看到她那位给我们家带来如此幸福和欢乐的亲爱的朋友遭受如此巨大的痛苦，安妮的心都碎了。根据句子结构，此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为friend,在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导，故填who。3O.Meanwhile,the regulation clarified rules for res

38、ponsibilities and auto insurance coverage in the event ofcar a c c i d e n t s involve autonomous driving,which is expected to promote the fast development ofself-driving vehicles.解析：that/which考查定语从句。句 意:同时，该规定明确了涉及自动驾驶的交通事故的责任和车险范围，这有望推动自动驾驶汽车的快速发展。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词是car accidents,

39、故此处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。31.According to the legend,the Jade Emperor(ruler of heaven)would like to measure time by twelvedifferent animals.He told animals that he would hold a great race on his birthday,the prize o f wastwelve positions on the Chinese zodiac calendar.解析：whicho句意：他告诉动物们，他将在他的生

40、日那天举行一场盛大的赛跑，比赛的奖品是中国十二生肖的十二个位置。此 处 为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词ra ce,作介词的宾语，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。32.Located on the southern bank of the Yangtze River,Zhangjiagang is the city carries theresponsibilities of promoting Yangtze River culture.解析：that或 which考查定语从句。句意：位于长江南岸，张家港是一座肩负着弘扬长江文化的重任的城市。分析句子可知，句

41、子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“city力在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词“that”或“which”引导从句。故填that或 which。33.From that moment onwards,he began collecting a wide variety of folk arts and antiques dating back to theMing and Qing Dynasties(1368 1912),help awaken peoples memories of times gone by.解析：which考查定语从句。句意：从那时起，他开始收集明清时期(13684912

42、)的各种民间艺术和古董，以唤起人们对过去的记忆。此处考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为folk arts and antiques,先行词为物，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which。故填which。34.1n the past four years,local education departments have trained about 40,000 football teachers,8,000of have obtained coaching certificates.解析：whom考查定语从句。句意：在过去的4 年里，各地教育局已经培养了 40000名足球老师，其中 8000名老师已经

43、获得教练资格。分析句子结构可知，此句是定语从句。此处需填定语从句关系词，代指先行词40,000 football teachers,指人，该空做介词。f 的宾语，所以用关系代词whom。故填whom。35.Too much pressure may even cause diseases will influence studentsJ academic performancebadly.解析：which/that考查定语从句关系词。句意：过多的压力甚至会导致疾病，严重影响学生的学习成绩。本句为限定性定语从句，修饰先行词diseases,指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故 填 which/that

44、。36.As a grassroots singer,she reads everything she can get hold of concerning music,and takesevery opportunity to improve herself.解析：that考查定语从句。句意：作为一名草根歌手，她阅读能够得到的与音乐有关的一切，并利用每一次机会提升自己。先行词是不定代词everything,用 that引导定语从句。故填that。37.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 sh

45、owed a mere five to 10minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.解析：that/which考查定语从句。句意：两位作者也在2014年发表的一项研究显示，每天仅跑步5到 10分钟就可以降低各种原因导致心脏病和早期死亡的风险。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为a stu dy,指物，且定语从句缺少主语。故填关系代词that/which。38.Many young people,most o f were well-educat

46、ed,headed for remote regions to chase theirdreams.解析：whom考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人，其中大多数受过良好的教育，前往偏远地区追逐自己的梦想。most of were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Many young people,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，指人,只能用whom,所以填whom。39.1 adore my English teacher because he can always creat

47、e an atmosphere all the students feelrespected and care for.解析：where考查定语从句。句意：我很喜欢我的英语老师，因为他总能创造一种让所有的学生都感到受人尊敬和关心的气氛。分析可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为atmosphere,关系词代替它在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词whereo 故填whereo4O.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developedgradually.解析：where/o

48、nwhich考查定语从句。句意：史蒂芬霍金认为，地球可能不是唯一有生命逐渐进化的行星。where引导的是定语从句，在从句中作状语，相当于on the planet。故答案为where/on which。三：篇章语法填空Passage AWhen Zhu Caiping,73,was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment(认知损伤)three years ago,she foundthat_56_(anxious),depression and even looking down on herself became normal in her life

49、.It was not untillast year,after she became a restaurant server in Shanghai,_57_her situation began to improve dramatically.The cafe has eight elderly employees with cognitive impairments,_58_take turns working with otherwaiters to help customers enjoy their meals.In addition to providing services,t

50、he elderly employees participate inwelfare activities _59_(organize)by volunteers,such as baking,dancing and learning English.Theseactivities reactivate my brain,“Zhu said.Shanghai is also home to other cafes that provide help and support for disadvantaged groups.Last year,the cafeHinchijou went vir