2018年中考英语试题分项版解析汇编（第01期）专题08阅读理解（人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文化教育类）（含解析）.pdf

《2018年中考英语试题分项版解析汇编（第01期）专题08阅读理解（人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文化教育类）（含解析）.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2018年中考英语试题分项版解析汇编（第01期）专题08阅读理解（人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文化教育类）（含解析）.pdf（83页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、专 题 0 8 阅 读 理 解（人 物 或 故 事 类、科 普 或 环 境 保 护 类 或 健 康 类、社 会 现 象 或 历 史 文 化 教 育 类）1.【2 01 8年 江 苏 省 宿 迁 市】In 2017,when the high speed train.Furing,left Beijing for shanghaiat a speed of 350 km/h,it amazed the world.It is Chinas newest high-speed train and also thefastest train in the world.Therewere2,959 h

2、igh-speed trains running across China by 2016.They make up60 percent ofthe worlds total high-speed trains.Chinese companies have also built more than 10 high-speedrailways in Europe,Southeast Asia and South America.And the high speed trains has become anewname card for China.Besides the high-speed t

3、rains,many other innovations（fiJWf）have also changed people*s livesin China.For example,though bike sharing is not new itself China has made it much more convenient.And popular.When the Chinese bike sharing companies reached Singapore and Britain months ago,users there excited and couldn,t wait to p

4、ost photos of themselves riding the bikes on socialmedia（媒 体）.Cashless payment has become a lifestyle choice in China it is common that people in China goshopping with no cash（现 金）in pockets.Many people just pay with their bile phones by scanninga quick respond code（QR,二 维 码）from the seller.Even a p

5、erson selling vegetables has a QR code.Many foreigners have experienced lives without carrying any cash in China.They say they can，tdo it when they are back home in Europe.China is now in a great time.It has made great achievements in innovation They are true picturesof national strength.It seems th

6、at China is really leading in some ways.And Chinese people haveevery reason to believe in an even brighter future.34.How many examples are mentioned to show China,s achievement in innovation according to thepassage?A.One B.Two C.Three D.Four35.The underlined word it means _.A.living in China B.buyin

7、g things without carrying any cashC.having QR codes D.making enough money by working hard36.The best title for the passage might be.A.China leads in innovation B.Science develops very quicklyC.China faces many chances D.Science catches the worldJ s attention【答 案】34.C 35.B 36.A【解 析】试 题 分 析：短 文 通 过 高

8、速 列 车、共 享 单 车 和 无 现 金 支 付 三 个 例 子，说 明 了 中 国 的 创 新 成 就。34.题 意：文 章 列 举 了 多 少 个 例 子 来 说 明 中 国 的 创 新 成 就？考 查 文 意 理 解 题。根 据 短 文 内 容，可 知 列 举 了 高 速 列 车、共 享 单 车 和 无 现 金 支 付 三 个 例 子，故 选 C。35.题 意：下 划 线 的 词 一 意 思 是：o考 查 词 义 理 解 题。根 据 下 文 that people mChma go shopping eithno cash m p o ck ets.,可 知 是 无 现 金 支 付 c

9、ashless p ay m en t,故 选 5。36.题 意：这 篇 文 章 最 好 的 题 目 可 能 是 _,考 查 细 节 理 解 题。A.Chma loads in:imovat:on中 国 引 领 创 新：B.Science develops very quickly 科 学 发 展 得 很 快 C.China faces many chances 中 国 面 临 许 多 机 会：D.Sciencecatches the world$attention 科 学 引 起 全 世 界 的 注 意。根 据 It seems that China:s really leading:n s

10、ome ways.,可 知 选 Ao2.【2018 年 江 苏 省 宿 迁 市】My father was German,but he Worked in England.He married my mother,who was English.Her family name was Robinson,so when I was born in632,in England,they calledme Robinson,after her.My father did well in his business and I went to a good school.He wanted me to

11、get a goodjob,and live a quiet,pleasant life.But I wanted adventure and an exciting life.“I want to be a sailor and go to sea”,I told my mother and father.They were very unhappyabout this.“Please don,t go.my father said,“You wont be happy you know.Sailors have a difficultand dangerous life,“and beca

12、use I love him,and he was unhappy,I tried to forget about the sea.But I couldn,t forget,and about a year later,I saw a friend in town.His father had a Shipand my friend said to me,“we are sailing to London tomorrow.Why don t you come with us.”On September 1，1651,I went to Hull and the next day we sa

13、iled for London.But,a few days later,there was a strong wind.The sea was rough and dangerous,and the shipwent up and down up and down.I was very ill,and was very afraid.Oh,I don，t want to die!”I cried,“I want to live!If I live,I will go home and nevergo to sea again!The next day the wind stopped,and

14、 the sea was quiet and beautiful again.Well,Robinson,my friend laughed,How do you feel now?The wind wasn，t to bad.”“What!”I cried.It was a terrible storm.”“Oh,that wasnt a storm,my friend answered,just a little wind.Forget it,come and havea drink.”After a few drinks with my friend,I felt better.I fo

15、rgot about the danger,and decided notto go home.I didn t want my friend and family to laugh at me!I stayed in London for some time,but I still,wanted to go to the sea.So,when the captain（船 长）of a ship ask me to go with him to Guinea in Africa,I agreed,And so I went to the sea forthe second time.It w

16、as a good ship,and everything went well at first,but I was very ill again.Then whenwe were near the Canary Islands,a Turkish pirate（海 盗）ship came after us.They were famous thievesof the sea at that time.There was a long,hard fight,but when it finished,we and the ship wereprisoners.The Turkish captai

17、n and his men took us to Sallee in Morocco.They wanted to sell usas slaves（奴 隶）in the market.But in the end,the Turkish captain decided to keep me for himself,and took me home with him.This was a sudden and terrible change in my life.This Turkish captainwas now my master.41.Why did Robinson forget a

18、bout the sea at the beginning?A.B.C.D.Because he had no money to own a shipBecause he hasted to live a dangerous lifeBecause he wanted to make his parents happyBecause he looked forward to getting a good job42.Which is the right time order of what happened in the story?a.One of Robinson,s friends in

19、vited him to sail to Londonb.The Turkish captain took Robinson homec.A captain asked Robinson to go with him to Guinead.Robinson drank with his friende.A long and hard fight happenedA.a-d-c-e-b B.d-a-c-e-b C.a-c-b-e-d D.d-c-a-b-e43.What did Robinson think of his sea journey?A.Everything was fine B.T

20、he sea was quiet all the timeC.The wind was weak D.Sea life was dangerous at times44.Who took Robinson to Sallee in Morocco?A.the Turkish Captain B.his friendC.the captain of a ship D.his father45.What can we infer（推 断）from the passage?A.Robinson wanted to serve the TurkishB.Robinson lived happily w

21、ith the Turkish captainC.Robinson became a slave to the Turkish captainD.Robinson made friends with the Turkish captain【答 案】41.C 42.A 43.D 44.A 45.C【解 析】试 题 分 析：短 文 讲 述 了 鲁 滨 逊 的 两 次 航 海 经 历，充 满 了 危 险，第 二 次 遭 遇 了 海 盗 被 俘，他 成 为 土 耳 其 船 长 的 奴 隶。41.题 意：为 什 么 鲁 滨 孙 起 初 忘 记 了 大 海？考 查 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 and be

22、cause I love him,and he wasunhappy,I tried to forget about the sea.,可 知 鲁 滨 逊 爱 自 己 的 父 母，想 让 他 们 高 兴，故 选 C。42.题 意：故 事 发 生 的 时 间 顺 序 是 什 么？考 查 细 节 理 解 题。a.One of Robinson,s friends invited himto sail to London 鲁 滨 孙 的 一 个 朋 友 邀 请 他 去 伦 敦 航 行。b.The Turkish captain took Robinson home 土 耳 其 船 长 带 鲁 滨 孙

23、 回 家。c.A captain asked Robinson to go with him to Guinea船 长 请 鲁 滨 孙 和 他 一 起 去 几 内 亚。d.Robinson drank with his friend 鲁 滨 孙 和 他 的 朋 友 一 起 喝 酒。e.A long and hard fighthappened一 场 漫 长 而 艰 苦 的 战 斗 发 生 了。根 据 短 文 的 叙 述，鲁 滨 孙 先 是 在 镇 上 遇 到 一 个 朋 友，朋 友 邀 请 他 去 伦 敦 航 行 途 中 了 遭 遇 海 盗 最 后 土 耳 其 船 长 带 鲁 滨 孙 回 家。

24、可 知 a-d-c-e-b正 确，故 选 A。43.题 意：鲁 滨 孙 认 为 他 的 海 上 旅 行 怎 么 样？考 查 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 It was a terrible storm.,可 知 海 上 旅 行 很 危 险，故 选 D。44.题 意：谁 把 鲁 滨 孙 带 到 了 摩 洛 哥 的 Sallee?考 查 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 The Turkish captain and his mentook us to Sallee in Morocco.,可 知 是 土 耳 其 船 长，故 选 A。45.题 意：从 这 篇 文 章 中 我 们 能 推 断 出 什 么？考

25、 查 综 合 理 解 题。A.Robinson wanted to serve the Turkish鲁 滨 孙 想 为 土 耳 其 人 效 劳。B.Robinson lived happily with the Turkish captain鲁 滨 孙 和 土 耳 其 船 长 幸 福 地 生 活 在 一 起。C.Robinson became a slave to the Turkish captain鲁 滨 孙 成 了 土 耳 其 船 长 的 奴 隶。D.Robinson made friends with the Turkish captain鲁 滨 孙 和 土 耳 其船 长 交 了 朋

26、 友。根 据 最 后 一 句 This Turkish captain was now my master.,可 知 鲁 滨 孙 成 了 土 耳 其 船 长 的 奴 隶，故 选 C。3.【2018 年 江 西 中 考 JA young woman turns around and around quickly,and jumps high.In the background,a young girl reads a rejection（拒 绝）letter from a ballet school.You have the wrong body forballet,it says,，and a

27、t thirteen,you are too old.This was one of the most popular advertisements（广 告）of 2014 and it describes American ballet Theatre，s principal（主 要 的）dancer Misty Copeland.This was not a real letter.But Copeland says it is very similar to letters from her childhood.While many dancers start at the age of

28、 three.Copeland only began to study ballet in 1995 as athirteen-year-old.People often told her that she was too old,or that she didn，t have the perfectbody type（She is only 157 cm tall）.Her family moved a lot,and it was sometimes difficult forher to attend ballet classes.But Copeland loved dancing a

29、nd did not want to give up.She stayedwith her ballet teacher during the week and spent time with her family only at the weekend.Thiswas a difficult life,but she worked hard and won her first national competition when she wasfourteen years old.Copeland joined the American Ballet Theatre in 2000 and p

30、erformed in manyballets over the next few years.In 2007,she became a solo（单 独 的）performer,and in 2015 shebecame its principal dancer.Copeland is now a dancer,author and Broadway performer.She also stars in the 2015 film ABallerinas Tale.So whats next?According to Copeland,anything is possible:My car

31、eer（职 业）really is just now beginning.,37.How old was Copeland when she became the principal dancer?A.13B.14C.25D.3338.Why was it difficult for Copeland to attend ballet classes?A.Because her family moved a lot.B.Because she was not a good dancer.C.Because she had no invitation letter.D.Because she h

32、ad the wrong body type.39.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Copeland became successful because of the advertisement.B.Copeland had to spend a lot of time away from her parents.C.Copeland won her first national competition as a solo performer.D.Copeland has ended up her career

33、 as an actress on Broadway.40.Whats the writer s opinion of Copeland?A.Copeland sets an example who never gives up.B.Copeland was too old to start ballet at thirteen.C.Copeland has made her achievements by accident.D.Copeland was lucky to get support from the ballet school.【答 案】37.D 38.A 39.B 40.A【解

34、 析】试 题 分 析：这 是 一 篇 记 叙 文，讲 述 了 曾 经 因 为 年 龄 太 大 被 舞 蹈 学 校 拒 绝 的 科 普 兰 凭 借 自 己 的 努 力 成 为 了 一 名 舞 蹈 家、作 家 和 百 老 汇 演 员。诠 释 了 一 切 皆 有 可 能 的 道 理。37.题 意：当 她 成 为 首 席 舞 蹈 家 时，科 普 兰 有 多 大 年 纪？考 查 细 节 理 解 和 数 字 理 解 题。根 据 第 二 段 第 三 行 Copeland only began to study ballet in 1995 as a thirteen-year-old.1995 年 她 13

35、 岁，结 合 段 尾 andin 2015 she became its principal dancer.2015 年 成 为 首 席 舞 蹈 家,可 知 20151995+13=33,故 选 D。3 S.题 意：为 什 么 科 普 兰 很 难 参 加 芭 蕾 舞 课？考 查 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 Herfam:：y m o v ed a：o la n d 4 T a ssometimes difficult for her to attend ballet classes.,可 知 她 老 师 搬 家 导 致 很 难 去 上 芭 蕾 舞 课，故 选 A。39.题 意：根 据 文 章,

36、下 列 哪 一 项 是 正 确 的？考 查 细 节 理 解 题。A.Copeland became successful because of theadvert:sement.因 为 广 告，科 普 兰 成 功 了。3.Copeland had to spend a lot of time away from her parents.科 普 兰 不 得 不 花 很 多 时 间 离 开 父 母。C.Copeland won her first national cotnpetition as a solo performer.作 为 一 位 独 奏 演 员 科 普 兰 嬴 得 了 她 的 第

37、一 次 全 国 比 骞。Copeland has ended up her career as an actress on Broadway.科 普 兰 结 束 了 她 在 百 老 汇 的 女 演 员 生 涯。根 据 She stayed v：th her ballet teacher during e v/eek and spent time v.-ihher family only at the xveekend.,可 知 她 不 得 不 花 很 多 时 间 离 开 父 母 故 选 3。40.题 意：作 者 对 Copeland的 看 法 是 什 么？考 查 细 节 理 解 题。A.Cop

38、eland sets an example who never givesup.科 普 兰 树 立 了 一 个 永 不 放 弃 的 榜 样。B.Copeland was too old to start ballet at thirteen.科 普 兰 年 纪 太 大，不 能 在 十 三 岁 开 始 芭 蕾 舞。C.Copeland has made her achievements by accident.科 普 兰 意 外 地 取 得 了 成 就。D.Copeland was lucky to get support from the ballet school.科 普 兰 很 幸 运 得

39、 到 芭 蕾 舞 学 校 的 支 持。根 据 短 文 内 容，虽 然 作 者 写 道 她 跳 芭 蕾 较 晚，但 这 不 是 作 者 的 观 点 而 是 别 人 的 看 法，作 者 讲 述 的 是 Copeland面 对 困 难 永 不 言 弃 的 经 历，可 知 选 A。点 睛：对 于 阅 读 理 解 题，首 先 要 粗 读 文 章 了 解 大 意，其 次 通 过 细 读，理 解 全 文。在 粗 读 的 基 础 上，仔 细 阅 读 题 后 所 给 的 题 目，根 据 题 目 要 求，再 有 重 点 地 返 回 来 仔 细 阅 读。在 阅 读 理 解 的 题 目 中，所 设 问 题 主 要 有

40、 以 下 几 种 方 式：找 主 题 或 概 括 文 章 的 中 心 思 想、就 文 中 的 具 体 事 实 和 情 节 进 行 提 问、根 据 文 章 的 表 层 意 思 进 行 深 层 次 的 推 理 判 断 等，在 细 读 时，要 根 据 设 问 的 方 式，进 行 有 侧 重 地 阅 读。1、概 括 文 章 中 心 思 想。1）文 首 呈 现 主 题 句。2）文 尾 出 现 主 题 句。3）首 尾 呼 应 展 现 主 题。4）文 中 表 述 主 题。前 面 提 出 问 题，文 中 的 主 题 由 随 之 陈 述 的 细 节 或 合 乎 逻 辑 的 引 申 在 文 中 导 出，而 后 再

41、 做 进 一 步 的 解 释。5）文 章 没 有 主 题 句。在 这 种 情 况 下，考 生 要 把 所 有 的 细 节 综 合 起 来。进 行 逻 辑 推 理，概 括 归 纳 出 文 章 的 主 题 句。2.掌 握 文 章 的 具 体 事 实 和 重 要 情 节。在 考 题 中，经 常 会 见 到 就 文 章 中 某 一 具 体 事 实 和 重 要 情 节 进 行 测 试 的 题 目。这 就 要 求 考 生 在 阅 读 时 要 注 意 辨 认 和 记 忆 具 体 事 实，重 要 情 节，事 物 的 起 因、过 程、结 果 及 发 生 的 地 点、时 间 等，这 些 都 有 可 能 作 为 测

42、 试 点。还 有 一 些 测 试 题，要 求 考 生 在 理 解 的 基 础 上，通 过 自 己 的 思 维 将 理 解 的 内 容 系 统 化，比 如 计 算、排 序 等 题 型。4.【2018 年 江 西 中 考】Many people say dolphins are intelligent.They seem to be able to think,understand and learn things quickly.But are they as smart as humans,or are they more like catsand dogs?Dolphins use thei

43、r brains quite differently from the way humans do.But scientists saydolphins and humans are very similar in some ways.How?Like humans,every dolphin has its own name”.The name is a special whistle（哨 声）.Eachdolphin chooses a specific（特 有 的）whistle for itself,usually by its first birthday Dolphinsare l

44、ike people in other ways,too.They talk to each other about a lot of things-such as theirage,their feelings,and finding food.They also use a system of sounds and body language tocommunicate.Understanding dolphin conversation is not easy for humans.No one speaks dolphin”yet,but some scientists are try

45、ing to learn.Dolphins are also social animals.They live in groups called pods,and they often join o th ersfrom different pods to play games and have fun-just like people.Scientists believe playingtogether is something only intelligent animals do.Dolphins and humans are similar in another way:both sp

46、ecies make plans for getting thingsthey want.In the seas of southern Brazil,for example,dolphins use an intelligent plan to getfood.When there are fish near a boat,dolphins signal（发 信 号）to the fishermen to put theirnets in the water.Using this method,the men can catch a lot of fish.Why do dolphins h

47、elp themen?There is an advantage for them they get to eat some of the fish that escape（逃 脱）from thenet.41.What is a dolphin，s“name”?A.It is a kind of game.B.It is a body sign.C.It is a dolphin s age.D.It is a specific sound.42.What does the underlined word others refer to?A.Other fishes.B.Other peop

48、leC.Other dolphinsD.Other games43.What can we infer from the passage?A.Some scientists can understand dolphins system of sounds.B.Dolphins probably help fishermen by using their body language.C.Humans join dolphins，groups to get things we want.D.Dolphins can talk to humans about their age and their

49、feelings.44.What/s the main idea of the passage?A.Dolphins can communicate with each other at birth.B.Dolphins are social animals because they play together.C.Dolphins are smart and are like humans in some ways.D.Dolphins help humans do many things like catching fish.【答 案】41.D 42.C 43.B 44.C【解 析】试 题

50、 分 析：这 是 一 篇 说 明 文，文 章 主 要 讲 述 了 海 豚 在 各 方 面 与 人 类 的 相 似 点。41.题 意：海 豚 的 名 字 是 什 么？考 查 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 The name is a special whistle,可 知 是 一 种 特 殊 的 哨 音，故 选 D。42.题 意：划 线 词 other意 指 的 是 什 么？考 查 词 义 理 解 题。根 据 Dolphins are also social animals.Theylive in groups called pods,and they often join others from