英语语法之主谓一致.ppt

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1、主谓一致，是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。主谓一致，是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。主 谓 一 致 的 三 个 原 则A 坚持向前看语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，谓语动词用复数形式。Mychildhasnointentionofspendingavacationwithme.Mychildrenhavenointentionofspendingavacationwithme.B 坚持向后看意义一致是说谓语动词的单、复数要取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面上的语法标记。1.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词

2、用复数。Themajorityofprimaryschoolteachersarewomen.2.主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。Nonewsisgoodnews.Billiardsisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinsomecities.C 就近原则就近原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时，谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致。Thereisasquaretableandsomechairsinthecenterofthedining-room.EitheryourstudentsorWilliamknowsthis.提示一般说来，究

3、竟何时采用何种原则，应视英语习惯用法而定。但在实际使用中，如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时，遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法。并列主语的主谓一致A 由and 连接的并列主语1.用and(或both.and)连接并列主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。Ahammerandasawareusefultools.当and 连接的两个名词是指组合到一起的一件完整的或成套的东西，或表示同一个人或一种概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。Thewriterandteacherisspeakingatthemeeting.必背英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：ironandsteel 钢铁aneedleandthread

4、针线aimandend 目的goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly 早睡早起awatchandchain 一块带链的表acartandhorse 一辆马车acoatandtie 配有领带的上衣breadandbutter 黄油面包lawandorder 治安aknifeandfork 刀叉2.一个名词为几个并列形容词所修饰时，这时主语和谓语动词的一致关系一般遵循语法一致的原则。Cleverandslowstudentsaretreatedalike.Ablackandwhitekittenwasfoundinthegardenyesterday.比较Ablackand

5、awhitedogsareplayingintheyard.Ablackandwhitedogisplayingintheyard.3.在each.andeach.,every.andevery.,no.andno.等结构之后，谓语动词用单数形式。Eachboyandeachgirlhasanapple.Everyhourandeveryminuteisprecious.Nobirdandnobeastisseenonthelonelyisland.4.带有并列动词的what 从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定动词的数。Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.Whathes

6、aysanddoesdoesnotconcernme.5.在某些成语中，一些并列主语用and 相连时，其后谓语用单数。AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.B 某些词组采取就近原则以or,either.or,neither.nor,not.but,notonly.butalso 等连接的名词(代词)作并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。NeitherhenorIamwillingtogoshoppingtoday.Notthestudent

7、sbuttheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.Areeitheryouorhetogothere?是你还是他将去那里？Neitheris.C 谓语动词的数不受某些词组影响主语后跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,besides,including,inadditionto 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。Themanager,ratherthantheworkers,isresponsiblefortheloss.Nobodybutthre

8、epolicemenwasonthespot.单一主语的主谓一致A 形复意单的名词作主语形复意单的名词作主语(即形式为复数，意义为单数)，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。1.许多学科名称，如mathematics,physics,economics,politics，以及news 等名词作主语时，动词用单数。Newsistravelingfastnowadays.2.用作国名、组织机构、书名、报刊名等复数形式的专有名词作为整体对待，谓语用单数。TheTimesreportsthenewsofthestrike.GreatExpectationswaswritte

9、nbyDickensin1860.点津坊如果山脉、群岛、瀑布等名称作主语时，谓语动词用复数。TheGreatLakesliebetweentheUSAandCanada.五大湖在美国和加拿大两国之间。ThePhilippinesareinthewesternPacificOceansoutheastofChina.菲律宾群岛在中国东南太平洋西部。TheNiagaraFallsarethefallsontheNiagaraRiver.尼亚加拉瀑布位于尼亚加拉河上。3.一些形复意单的名词，包括有成双成套部分的衣物或工具名称，作主语时，谓语用复数。Mybluetrousershavebeenworn

10、out.Hisglassesarenew.提示这些名词如用apairof 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Theshoesareunderthebed.鞋在床下。Thepairofshoesisunderthebed.这双鞋在床下。4.单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数；用作复数意义时，谓语有复数。这类名词有：sheep,deer,fish,means,works,species,Chinese,Japanese 等。The(This)glassworkswassetupin1986.Thisspeciesofroseisveryrare.比较当这类名词前有a,su

11、cha,this,that,every 修饰时，谓语用单数；有all,such,these,those 修饰时，谓语用复数。Everymeanshasbeentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.Allmeanshavebeentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.B 集合名词作主语集合名词表示有若干个体组成的集合体，如army,audience,class,club,company,crowd,government,group,party,population,team,union 等。1.集合名词作主语时，若表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数，若表示构成该集合体的成员

12、，则谓语动词用复数。Hisfamilyarewaitingforhim.Butthemansfamilywassmall onlyhimselfandhiswife.2.有些集合名词，如cattle,folk 亲属),people,police,youth 等，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，即所谓的“形单意复”。Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.Thecattlearegrazinginthefield.3.有些无生命(表示物)的集合名词作主语，谓语用单数。Allthefurnitureinmyroomisnew.Hasyourluggagearrivedyet?Alotof

13、hikingequipmentisneededhere.C 代词作主语1.名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。Oursisagreatcountry.Yourshoesareblack,andminearebrown.2.such,thesame 等指示代词作主语时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Suchareherwishes.SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanwithgreatachievements.3.关系代词who,that,which 等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数一

14、致。Thosewhowanttogoforapicnicpleaseputupyourhands.点津坊在oneof+复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which 的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。但当one之前有the,theonly 等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhosingsbest.4.疑问代词who,what,which 作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。W

15、holivesupstairs?ItisXiaoWang.Wholivenextdoor?ItisLiandZhang.5.不定代词作主语时，有以下两种情况：some,all,any,none,more,most 等词可以指复数名词和不可数名词，它们作主语时，视其文中的意义，判断动词用单数还是复数的形式。Nonearesogoodasthosewhoarealwaysreadytohelpothers.Noneissogoodashe.提示在口语中，noneof+复数名词 作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数均可，要以说话人所想的而定。Noneofthetelephonesworks/work.som

16、e,all,any,none,more,most 等词接of 时，若of 的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若of 的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词用复数形式。Mostofthecolourblindpeoplearemen.Mostofhissparetimewasspentinreading.D 数词、量词作主语1.数词作主语，不论指人还是指物，谓语通常用复数。Abouttwentyknowthesecret.大约二十人知道这个秘密。Sixaremissing.丢了六个。2.morethanone+单数名词 结构作主语，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词用单数形式。但more+复数名词+

17、thanone 结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Morethanonepersonhasknownthenews.Morestudentsthanoneareforyourproposal.3.oneoutoften 或oneinten 结构作主语，谓语动词应按照语法一致的原则，用单数。Oneoutoftenwasbadlyinjuredintheaccident.4.a+单数名词+ortwo 结构作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。但oneortwo+复数名词 结构作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。Awordortwoismissinghere.Oneortwofriendsarecomingfordi

18、nnerthisevening.5.manya+单数名词 结构作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。Manyapassengerwaskilledintheaccident.Manyaboyhasbeentothecastle.6.oneandahalf+复数名词 结构作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.Oneandahalfyearshaspassed.7.分数或百分数+of+名词 结构作主语，其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致。Three-fourthsofitssurfaceoftheearthissea.Two-th

19、irdsofthepeoplepresentareagainsttheplan.8.用plus/and 表示“加”，用minus 表示“减”，和用times表示“乘”时，动词多用单数，但也可用复数。Twoandtwois/arefour.Tentimesfiveis/arefifty.点津坊用from 表示“被减”，multipliedby 表示“被乘”或dividedby 表示“被除”，其谓语动词用单数。8from10leaves2.10 减8 等于2。25dividedby5equals5.9.时间、价格、距离等作为整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式。Fiftykilometersisalon

20、gdistance.Fourthousanddollarsismorethanshecanafford.点津坊若强调这类结构的复数意义，谓语动词也可用复数形式。Sixyearshavepassedsincemyfatherlefthome.Thefiftymileswerecoveredbythewinnerinthreehours.10.“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,aheapof,amassof,halfof+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为of 后面的名词是中心词，而of前面的量词是修饰语。Lotsofdamagewas

21、causedbyfire.Lotsofgoodsweresenttherebyair.Halfoftheorangesarebad.Halfofthefoodisunfittoeat.11.在anumber/totalof+名词复数 结构中，中心词是名词，谓语动词用复数形式。但在thenumber/totalof+名词复数 结构中，中心词却是number 或total，故谓语动词用单数形式Anumberofstudentsareplayingbasketballontheplayground.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookis900.12.在agreatdealof/al

22、argeamountof+不可数名词 结构作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但largeamountsof+不可数名词 结构作主语，谓语动词通常用复数。Alargeamountofmoneyisspentontheproject.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthefreeway.13.therestof+可数名词或不可数名词 结构作主语，其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致。Therestofthestudentsarewateringtrees.Therestofthewinehasgonebad.其他情况的主谓一致A 名词性从句和非谓语动词作主语1.

23、不定式短语、动词-ing 形式和名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Doingexperimentsisagoodwaytofindoutanswerstoquestions.ThatIshallworkwithyouisagreatpleasure.点津坊what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容如果是复数意义时，谓语动词可用复数形式。Whatwewantismoretime.Whattheyneedinthatareaaredoctorsandnurses.Whatshelefthimaresomeoldphotos.B 名词化的形容词作主语名词化的形容词指的是th

24、e+形容词 结构，如：thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thewounded,theinjured,theunemployed,thedying,theliving 等。当这种结构作主语，表示一类人时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但也有少数的形容词与定冠词连用指个别的或表示抽象的概念时，谓语动词用单数。Theyoungaremoreactivethantheoldinthework.Thebeautifulislovedbyall.必背下列词属于表示抽象的概念，谓语动词需用单数。theevil 恶theugly 丑 t

25、helatest 最新情况theunknown 未知的事therough 难处理的事theworst 最坏的事theforeign 外国的事情theunreal 不真实的事thelovely 漂亮的东西themystical 神秘的东西C 倒装句倒装句的谓语动词的单复数应根据主语而定。Onthewallwereseveralfamouspaintings./It is said that the great poet and writer have come to 1,_our school.He will give us a lecture about English learning.He

26、 brought some books here this time.Part of the books is written by himself.From his books 2,_we will know 20%of the workers in his country is 3,_women and a hammer and a saw is the womens only 4,_tools.He also brought a red and big apple here,butmost of the apple were eaten by a rat last night.He 5,

27、_is an interesting man.Bread and butter are his 6,_favorite food.Whats more,his trousers is new.7,_But neither the students nor the teacher know anything 8,_about it.He will stay in our school for three days.Most of the students think three days are not a long 9,_time.We hope he will enjoy himself h

28、ere.You as well as he is welcomed to the lecture.10,_hasarearearewasisareknowsisare1.Everyteacherandeverystudent_foundaStudentsUnion.A.hasB.haveC.expectstoD.hopeto 2.Nobodybutthem_toknowaboutthematter.A.wantB.wantsC.havewantedD.werewanted3.Nothingbuttrousers_inthatsmallshop.A.wasworthyof20$B.werewor

29、th20$C.wascost20$D.waspaid20$for4.Thedictionaryaswellasthebooksthat_picturesinthem_toher.A.has;belongs B.have;arebelonged C.has;belong D.have;belongs5.20%oftheworkofthewholeyear_finishedbytheirgrouplastmonth.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wereD.wascBDDD6.Aknifeandfork_onthetable.A.isB.are C.hasbeenD.havebeing7

30、.Neitherhisparentsnorhiswife_anythingaboutit.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown8.Fivedollars_toomuchforaticket.A.seemsB.seemC.seemtobeD.are9.Mostoftheapples_.A.wasrottenB.wererottenC.hasrottenD.haverotten10.Aboutonethirdoftheworkersinthatfactory_youngpeople.A.isB.hasbeenC.areD.havebeenABABC11.Notonly

31、theteacherbutalsothestudents_thechange.A.objecttoB.objectsto C.objectD.objects12.Everymeans_triedsincethen.A.hasbeenB.havebeen C.areD.is13.Thispairoftrousers_mysister.A.isbelongtoB.arebelongC.belongtoD.belongsto114.Ourteam_defeatedbytheirslastSunday.A.wasB.hadbeen C.hasbeenD.havebeen115.Ourteam_taki

32、ngshowerswhenthedoorwasknockedopen.A.wasB.are C.wereD.havebeenAADAC1.I,whoateachermustbestrictandcarefulineverything.A.isB.am2.WhatthepopulationofBeijing?A.is B.are 3.TheChineseagreatpeople.A.is B.are4.Awomanwithababycominghere.A.isB.are5.Thegirlaswellastheboyslearnedtodriveacar.A.hasB.have6.Tofinis

33、htheworkhardwork.A.needs B.need7.Noteacherandstudentintheschool.A.is B.are8.Wheneveranything,pleasestayherequietly.A.happensB.happen.9.Manyamanthestory.A.believes B.believeBABAAAAAA10.Morethanfivemendiedintheaccident.A.hasB.have11.thereanypolicearound?A.Is B.Are12.Mytrousersdirty.A.is B.are13.Apairo

34、fglasseslyingonthechair.A.is B.are14.Ayearandahalfalreadypassed.A.has B.have15.Thenumberofthestudentswhopartintheentranceexaminationgreat.A.takes,is B.takes,areC.take,is D.take,are16.Twelvepercentoftheworkersherewomen.A.is B.are17.Hisfamilynotverylarge.A.isB.are18.HisfamilywatchingTV.A.is BareBBBAAC

35、BAB19.Mostoftheearthcoveredwithwater.A.is B.are20.MostofthecarsmadeinShanghai.A.is B.are21.Allnotgoldthatglitters.A.is B.are22.Manysheeplookedafterbytheoldman.A.isB.are23.Breadandbuttertheirdailyfood.A.is B.are24.Nowanumberofyoungmenverywell.A.cooksB.cook25.ThosewhotogotoNanjingpleasegetonthetrain.A

36、.wantsB.want26.Simpleandplainlivingafinequality.A.isB.are27.Threeweekstooshortatimefortranslatingthebook.A.is B.are28.Letterandtoiletpaperrunningout.A.isB.areABABABBAAB29.Tendollarstoodear.A.is B.are30.Hereafish,somebreadandsoupforyou.A.isB.are31.Notonlyapenbutalsotwobookslost.A.wasB.were32.youorher

37、ight?A.IsB.Are33.ItsTomwhoit.A.does B.do34.Thedangerofforestsnottobetakenlightly.A.isB.are35.Morethanonepersonwatchingthestrangestarthatnight.A.wasB.were36.Theboyandgirleachtheirowntoys.A.has B.have37.Fewnearhere.A.lives B.liveAABBAAABB38.Theglassworksbuiltin1959.A.was B.were39.Menofthiskinddangerou

38、s.A.is B.are40.Thiskindofmendangerous.A.is B.are41.OnedollarandeightysevencentsallDellahad.A.was B.were41.OnedollarandeightysevencentsallDellahad.A.was B.were42.Whathesaidandwhathedidagree.A.dosent B.dont43.Thefactoryincludingitsmachineburntlastnight.A.wasB.were44.Theyoungveryactive.A.is B.areABAABABA45.Thedoctorandscientisttothemeeting.A.wasinvited B.wereinvited46.Tomaswellastwoofhisfriendstotheconcert.A.wasinvited B.wereinvitedAA