英语动词时态同步(初).pdf

上传人:无*** 文档编号:90923002 上传时间:2023-05-18 格式:PDF 页数:33 大小:3.77MB
返回 下载 相关 举报
英语动词时态同步(初).pdf_第1页
第1页 / 共33页
英语动词时态同步(初).pdf_第2页
第2页 / 共33页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

《英语动词时态同步(初).pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语动词时态同步(初).pdf(33页珍藏版)》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、1英语动词时态同步(初)知识定位时态学习旨在让学生了解时态和语态的变化所代表的含义,包括动作与存在状态等。中考在这方面的考察主要针对不同时间标志所团示的时态变化(及例外情况),和同一时间状态下动作不同发生方式的差别。在中考题中时态占的比例非常大,有的省市在一套题 目 中 多 达3个时态题。近几年的时态考查范围多集中在一般时、完成时和进行时等主干时态上,如一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时,现在完成时等。时态题多是以对话的形式或以团示词来团示时态的形式考查,如so far,before等国示词。在中考的总复习中我们将回顾原先学过的8种时态,同时对有关联的时态进行对比和联系。知识梳理1

2、一般现在时的用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语:every.,sometimes,ofen,always,usually,twice a week,at.,on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.H e watches Tv once a week.2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3)表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意:

3、此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me,I switch on the

4、 current and stand back.第二句中的 now 是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。二.构成及变化1、b e 动词的变化肯定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。否定句:主语+be+not+其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。如:-Are you a student?-Yes.I am./No,Im not.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?2、行为动词的变化当主语为第一,二人称及复数时,助动词为do肯定句:

5、主语+动词原形(+其它)。如:We often play basketball after school.否定句:主语+dont+动词原形(+其它)。l|:we dont play basketball after school.一般疑问句:Do+主语+动词原形+其它?如:Do you often play basketball after schoolI?Yes,we do./No,we dont.2特殊疑问句:疑问词+以 d o 开头的一般疑问句?如:What do you often do afterschool?当主语为第三人称单数时,助动词为does肯定句:主语+动词三单式(+其它)

6、。如:He swims well.否定句:主语+doesnt+动词原形(+其它)。如:He doesnt swim well.一般疑问句:Does+主语+动词原形+其它如:Does he swim well?Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.特殊疑问句:疑问词+以 does开头的一般疑问句?如:How does your father goto work?三、第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中,动词才用三单式)多数动词直接加 s:runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs.(2)结尾是 s,x,sh,ch,。,

7、前为辅音字母,结尾加 es:watches teaches goes does washes crossesmixes brushes(3)动词末尾y 前为辅音:将y 改 为 i 加 es:study-studiesfly玲flies carry玲carries cryfcries但 在 y 前如果为元音则直接加s:buys says2 一般过去时的用法1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有:yesterday,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982 yesterday morning(afternoon,evening.)last night(

8、week,month,year.),a moment ago,a week ago,threeyears ago.just now,等。Where did you go just now?2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child,I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit,they were given a warm welcome.3)句型:would(had)rather sb.did sth.表示 宁愿某人做某事Id rath

9、er you came tomorrow.4)wish,wonder,think,hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some.我以为你想要一些。2)情态动词 could,would.Could you lend me your bike?3 used to/be used toused to+do:”过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful.Scarf used to take a walk.(过去常常散步)beused to+doing:对 已感

10、到习惯,或,习惯于”,t o 是介词,后需加名词或动名词。He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)典型例题:-Your phone number again?I_quite catch it.-Its 69568442.A.didnt B.couldnt C.dont D.cant答 案 A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。二、构成及变化1.B e 动词在一般过去时中的变化:am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为 waso(was

11、not=wasnt)are 在一般过去时中变为 were。(were not=weren,t)带 有 w as或 w ere的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are 一样,即否定句 在 w as或 were后 加 not,一般疑问句把w as或 were调到句首。2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化:肯 定 句:主 语+动词的过去式.1 watched a film last Sunday.否定句:主语+didnt+动词原形.I didnt watch a film last Sunday.一般疑问句 Did+主语+动词原形?Did you watch a film last Sunday?

12、3Yes,I did.No,I didnt.特殊疑问句:疑问词+以 d id 开头的一般疑问句?What did you do last Sunday?3、现在进行时一、意义一一当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。时间标志-n o w,句前的look,listen二、构成:be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词in g形式肯定句:主 语+be+现在分词V-ing(+其他)Fm doing my homework now.否定句:主语+be+not+动词ing+其他 Im not doing my homework now.一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词ing+其他?Are you doin

13、g your home work now?Yes,I am No,Im not.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词ing+其他?What are you doing now?三、现在分词的构成:一般在动词末尾直接加ing,以不发音字母e 结尾的动词,先去掉e,再 加 ing,如 skate f skating make 今making dance 今 dancing write-writing have 今havingride f riding come T coming以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 ing,如:putti

14、ng running beginning stopping swimmingshopping joggingsitting getting forgetting letting四、现在进行时的基本用法:a.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。Weare waiting for you.b.习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr.Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)She islearning piano under Mr.Smith.c.表示渐变的动词有:get,grow,become,turn,r

15、un,go,begin 等。The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.d.与 always,constantly,forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always changing your mind.典型例题:My dictionary_,I have looked for it everywhere but still_it.A.has lost,don*t find B.is missing,dont findC.has lost,haven*t fo

16、und D.is missing,havent found.答 案 D.前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。不用进行时的动词1)事实状态的动词 have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue例:I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2)心理状态的动词Know,realize,think see,believe,suppose,imagine

17、,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate例:I need your help.He loves her very much.3)瞬间动词accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.例:I accept your advice.4)系动词seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn例:You seem a little tired.44 过去进行时1)

18、概念:过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作2)过去进行时的主要用法是趟一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。3)常用的时间状语this morning,the whole morning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,while例:My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station.When I

19、got to the top of the mountain,thesun was shining.典型例题:1)Mary_a dress when she cut her finger.A.made B.is making C.was making D.makes答 案 c.割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同 时,when表时间的同时性,玛丽在做衣服时 团供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。2)As she_the newspaper,G ranny_ asleep.read;was falling B.was reading;fell C.was reading;was falling

20、 D.read;fell答 案 B.句中的as=when,w hile,意为 当.之时。至一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。句中的fell(fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。一、过去进行时结构:was/were+动词的现在分词否定句则在was/were后加一个not,疑问句将was/were团前则可。如:H e was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday.玲He was not reading a book at 5:00 yesterday.今Was he

21、 reading a book at 5:00 yesterday?(Yes,he was./No,he wasnt.)-What was he doing at 5:00 yesterday?二、过去进行时用法:1.过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,常和表示过去的状语连用。如:(just)then 那时,当时 at this/that time 在这/那时 yesterday afternoon 昨天下午at nine 在九点 last night 昨 晚(at)this time yesterday 在昨天这个时候但在不少情况下,没有表示时间的状语,这时需要通过上下文来表示。2

22、.过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常 与 those days,the wholemorning,from 8:00 to 12:00 last night 等时间状语连用。(1)From 1983 to 1998,he was teaching at Yale.从 1983 至!j 1998 年,他正在耶鲁大学教书。(2)They were building a bridge last winter.去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。H e was writing a book those days.那几天他正在写一本书3.过去进行时与频度副词always forever,con

23、tinually,constantly等连用时表示过去经常反复的动作,常常带有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等情绪。4.过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作,同样,过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作,常用在间接引语中。55、过去进行时和一般过去时的区别。(1)过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作,而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。也就是说用一般过去时,只表示有过这件事;用过去进行时,则强调动作的连续性。I was writing a letter this morning.今天上午我在写一封信。(信不一定写完)这件事)The children were watc

24、hing TV yesterday evening.昨晚孩子们都在看电视。(强调昨晚看电视这一动作的持续性)(2)表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be,like,love,hate,fear,own,hear,see,know,want,notice)可用于一般过去时,但通常不用于进行时。如:I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food.我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。一般过去时与 always,constantly,forever,continually 等连用,表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”;而过去进行时与alw

25、ays,constantly,forever,continually等连用,表示动作的重复,常带有感情色彩。如:He always got up at six.他过去总是六点起床。He was always thinking of his work.他总是一心想到工作。7 下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时:when作并列连词,表示“(这时)突然”之意时,第一个并列分句用过去进行时,when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如:I was taking a walk when I met him.我正在散步,突然遇见了他。We were playing outside when it beg

26、an to rain.我们正在外边玩,这时下起雨来了。(2)go,come,leave,start,arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如:I was leaving for Wuhan that day.那天我正要去武汉。She was coming later.她随后就来。三、when,w hile的用法when和 while与过去进行时有着密切的关系,他们作从属连词时都有 当.时候”之意,用法稍有不同:when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是短暂性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而 while引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词只能是延续性动词。when引导的从句谓语动词如果是短暂

27、性动词则用一般过去时,主句是延续性动词则用过去进行时,从句动作发生在主句动作的时间段之内(长动作用过去进行时,短动作用一般过去时);如果主句和从句两个谓语动词都是延续性动词则全部用过去进行时,这 时 when和 while都可以用。when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;while和a s 从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。when和 while两个词还可以用作并列连词,但意思不同,when相当于“在那时“,等 于 at that tim e或 justthen;而 while则相当于“而;却;但是;相当于but,表示对比关系。(这一点暂时可以不掌握)eg.=W

28、hen my father got homej was playing computer games.(2)Mother was cooking when/while I was doing my homework.=When/While I was doing my homework,mother was cooking.5 一般将来时一、意义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。时间标志:tomorrow,soon,next Monday,next year,next weekend,thisafternoon,thisevening.二.构成及变化:

29、一般将来时常用的两种结构6be going to+动词原形:表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。shall/will+动词原形:表示将要发生的动作或情况,没有太多的计划性,还用来表示意愿肯定句 主语+be(am/,is,/are)going to+动词原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year.我姐姐准备明年学英语。否定句 主语+be(am/is/are)not going to+动词原形+其它成份I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight.我今天晚上不打算去看电影。一般疑问句B

30、e(am/is/are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份?Is your father going to play basketball with you?你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?No,he isnt.不。.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句?Where are you going to spend Spring FesitaL?春节你打算在哪过?.注意:be going t o 结构后面习惯上不跟go,come等表位移的动词,一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如:Hes going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约.(在书面语中,主语是第一人称时,

31、常 用 shall,在口语中,所有人称都可以用will)1.肯定句主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份(shall)write to him next week.下周我将给他写信。2.否定句 主 语+will/shall+not+动词原形+其它成份They wont watch TV this evening.今天晚上他们不看电视。3.一般疑问句will/shall+主 语+动词原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow?明天你和我们呆在家里好吗?4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句When will your father

32、be back?你爸爸什么时侯回来?三、附:Shall I/we 常用来征求对方意见,而问对方是否愿意,或者表示客气的邀请,常用 Will you?他们的回答比较灵活。1.Shall we go to the park?肯定 Sure,lets go.否定 No,lets go to the cinema.2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week?肯定 Yes,I will./Sure.否定 Im sorry.Im afraid I cant.四、时间标志:tomorrow,soon,next Monday,next year,

33、next weekend,thisafternoon,this evening.1)shall用于第一人称,常 被 w ill所代替。w ill在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraphshall I read firstWill you be at home at seven this evening?2)be going to+不定式,表示将来。a.主语的意图,即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b.计划,安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next montho

34、c.有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.3)be+不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4)be about to+不定式,意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意:beaboutto不能与tomorrow,next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。5 be going to/will用于条件句时,be going t o 表将来w ill表意愿7If you are

35、 going to make a journey,youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front ofthe mirror6 be to 和 be going tobe t o 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。be going t o 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.(客观安排)Im going to play

36、football tomorrow afternoon.(主观安排).7 一般现在时表将来1)下列动词:come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return 的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star?It stars in tenminutes.2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如:Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.There goes the bell.=The bell is r

37、inging.3)在时间或条件句中。When Bill comes(不是 will come),ask him to wait for me.Ill write to you as soon asI arrive there.4)在动词 hope,take care that,make sure that 等后。I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows are closedbefore you leave the room.8 用现在进行时表示将来意为:”意图、“打算、安排”、常用于人。常用词为come,

38、go,start,arrive,leave,stay 等。Im leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week?6.过去将来时1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。2时I旬状语:the next dayfmorning,year.tthe following month(week.)/etc.3.基本结构:was/were/going to+do;would/should+do.4.否定形式:was/were/not+going to+do;would/should+not+do.5.一般疑问句:w as或 we

39、re放于句首;would/should回到句首。6.例句:H e said he would go to Beijing the过去将来时由助动词would+动词原形构成。would常缩略为4过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在宾语从句中。如:I didnt know if she would come。I wasnt sure whether he would do it。Wang Lei said that she would visit her uncle next Saturdayo过去将来时也可以用“was(were)going

40、 to+动词原形”来表示。如:I didnt know if she was going to come。Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterdayo7 现在完成时用 法 1:表示:过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志词:already,yet,just,ever,never,before用 法 2:表示:过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。标志词:for,since,since.ago基本结构:助动词have/has+动词的过去分词(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have

41、)1)肯定式:主 语+have/has+过去分词82)否定式:主 语+have/has+not+过去分词3)一般疑问句:Have/Has+主 语+过去分词Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)N o,主语+havent/hasnt.(否定)4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词例 句 1.过去某时发生的动作到目前为止这个动作已经完成或刚刚完成。:1)1 have finished my homework.我做完家庭作业了。(过去某时开始做,到现在已完成)2)He has already come他已经来了。(过去某时开始离开某地到这来,现在已在这。)2.表示动作发生在过

42、去并延续到现在。如:1)1 have studied English for six years.我已经学了六年英语了。(六年前开始学英语,一直学到现在,也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。)2)1 have lived in Shenyang since 1990.我从 1990 年就在沈阳住。(从 1990年开始住在沈阳一直住到现在,也可能继续住也可能就此为止。)注 意 1)当表示一段时间,现在完成时可以用fo r或 since引导的状语。例如:Ive known Li Li for 4 years.我认识丽丽已经4 年了。I have worked here since 8 years ago

43、.自从 8 年前我就在这工作。注 意 2)当在肯定陈述句中含有already或 ju st时,在转换成否定句时,要把句中的already或ju st去掉,在句末加上yet.o例如:I have already seen the film.-I havent seen the film yet.He has just come.He hasnt come yet?注意事项l.Hhave/has got 形式上是一种完成时,但 和 have/has为同一意思“有。如:H ave you got pen-friends?Yes,I have.你有笔友吗?是的,我有。H as he got a lot

44、 of work to do?No,he hasnt.他有许多工作要做吗?不,他没有。2.have/has gone t o、have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的区别have/has gone t o 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地,人还未回来have/has been t o 曾经去过,人已经回来了have/has been in 已经在,常与一段时间连用如:H e has been to Shenyang before.他以前曾去过沈阳。H e has been in Shenyang for ten years,他在沈阳 10 年了。H as he g

45、one to Shenyang?他去沈阳 了吗?3.have/has been to 常和 once,twice,never,ever 连用;have/has gone to 贝!|不可。例如:-H as Tom ever been to Paris?汤姆去过巴黎吗?-Yes,hes been there several times.是的,他去过好几次了。-Where have they gone?他们去哪里了?-Theyve gone to Shenyang.他们去沈阳 了。4.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状 态(b e 动词表示)常 与

46、for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.9finish-be over open-be open die-be dead Buy-have Fall ill-be ill Comeback-be back Put on-be on/wear Worry-be worried Catch a cold-have a cold A)用其他词代替等D)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词l.be in/at+地点代替go to/come to 2,用bein the army代 替 join the army 3.be in/at+地点代替move t o 常用短暂性动词变延续性动

47、词表:1.have arrived at/in sw.got to/reached e/gone/movedto sw.-have been insw./at.2.have come/gone back/returned-have been back 3.have come/gone out-have been out 4.have become-have been 5.have closed/opened-havebeen closed/opened 6.have got up-have been up;7.have died-have beendead;8.have left sw.-ha

48、ve been away from sw.9.have fallen asleep/got tosleep-have been asleep;10.have finished/ended/completed-have beenover;11.have married-have been married;12.have started/begun to do sth.-have done sth.;13.have begun-have been on 14.have borrowed/bought-have kept/had 15.have lost-havent had 16.have put

49、 on-have worn 17.have caught/get a cold-have had a cold;1o18.have got to know-have known 19.have/has gone to-have been e to-be in 21.have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/thearmy-have been amember of/have been in/have been the Partys member/the league member/thesoldier.比较过去时与现在完成时1)过去时

50、表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,last week,.ago,inl980z in October,just now,具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:this morning,tonight,this April,now,once,before,already,recently,lately现在完成时的时间状语for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,

展开阅读全文
相关资源
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 教育专区 > 教案示例

本站为文档C TO C交易模式,本站只提供存储空间、用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,本站只是中间服务平台,本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。本站仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知得利文库网,我们立即给予删除!客服QQ:136780468 微信:18945177775 电话:18904686070

工信部备案号:黑ICP备15003705号-8 |  经营许可证:黑B2-20190332号 |   黑公网安备:91230400333293403D

© 2020-2023 www.deliwenku.com 得利文库. All Rights Reserved 黑龙江转换宝科技有限公司 

黑龙江省互联网违法和不良信息举报
举报电话:0468-3380021 邮箱:hgswwxb@163.com