小学英语动词时态.pdf

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1、动词的时态动词的时态一、一般现在时一、一般现在时:表示经常性、规律性习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态。表示经常性、规律性习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态。结构：结构：1.1.动作词一般用原形，但如果是第三人称单数时（如动作词一般用原形，但如果是第三人称单数时（如TonyTony，hehe，sheshe），动作词用第，动作词用第三人称单数形式，即加三人称单数形式，即加 s s 或或 es;es;在主语前加在主语前加 do,doesdo,does 帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；在动作词前加在动作词前加 dondont,doesnt,doesnt t 帮助否定句，后面的动词用原

2、形。帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。2.2.句子中没动作词时，用句子中没动作词时，用 bebe 动词：动词：is,am,areis,am,are；is,am,are is,am,are 放在主语前帮助疑问句；放在主语前帮助疑问句；is,am,areis,am,are 后面加上后面加上 notnot 帮助否定句。帮助否定句。3.3.情态动词情态动词 can,may,shouldcan,may,should，mustmust 引起的句子是一般现在时，后面接动词用原形；引起的句子是一般现在时，后面接动词用原形；can,may,should can,may,should，mustmust 放在主语前帮助

3、疑问句，后面接动词用原形；放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；can,may,should,mustcan,may,should,must 后面加上后面加上 notnot 帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。4.4.肯定祈使：动词原形肯定祈使：动词原形+其它其它否定祈使句：否定祈使句：DonDont+t+动词原形动词原形+其它其它 5 5感叹句：感叹句：What What a a mess!Whatmess!What a a beautifulbeautiful desert!Whatdesert!What beautifulbeautiful flowers!fl

4、owers!What+(What+(形形)名名 How beautiful!How beautiful the flower is!How beautiful the How beautiful!How beautiful the flower is!How beautiful theflowers are!flowers are!How+How+形形A.A.肯定句：肯定句：(非第三人称单数非第三人称单数)主语主语+V+V+其它其它 We come from China.We come from China.(第三人称单数第三人称单数)主语主语+Vs+Vs+其它其它 He comes from

5、 China.He comes from China.主语主语+be(is,am,are)+be(is,am,are)+其它其它 We are from China.We are from China.主语主语+情态动词情态动词(can,may,should,must)+V+(can,may,should,must)+V+其它其它 She must go.She must go.B.B.否定句：否定句：(非第三人称单数非第三人称单数)主语主语+don+dont+V+t+V+其它其它 We don We don t come fromt come fromChina.China.(第三人称单数第

6、三人称单数)主语主语+doesn+doesn t+V+t+V+其它其它 He doesn He doesn t come fromt come fromChina.China.主语主语+be(is,am,are)not+be(is,am,are)not+其它其它 I Iarentarent from China.from China.主语主语+情态动词情态动词(can,may,should,must)+not+V+(can,may,should,must)+not+V+其它其它C C一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Do+(Do+(非第三人称单数非第三人称单数)主语主语+V+V+其它其它 Do you

7、come from China Do you come from ChinaDoes+(Does+(第三人称单数第三人称单数)主语主语+V+V+其它其它 Does he come from Does he come fromChinaChina be(Is,Am,Are)+be(Is,Am,Are)+主语主语+其它其它 Are you from China Are you from China情态动词情态动词(Can,May,Should,Must)+(Can,May,Should,Must)+主语主语+V+V+其它其它 She Shecant go.cant go.D D特殊疑问句：特殊疑问

8、词特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do+do+(+(非第三人称单数非第三人称单数)主语主语+V+V+其它其它 Where Where dodo youyoucome fromcome from特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+does+(+does+(第三人称单数第三人称单数)主语主语+Vs+Vs+其它其它 Where Wheredoes he come fromdoes he come from特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+be(is,am,are)+be(is,am,are)+主语主语+其它其它Where are you fromWhere are you from特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+情态动词情态动词(Can,(C

9、an,May,May,Should,Should,Must)+Must)+主语主语+V+V+其它其它 Can Can sheshegogo二、现在进行时二、现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作。表示现在正在进行的动作。结构：结构：1.be1.be 动词动词(is,am,are)+(is,am,are)+动词动词 ing(ing(现在分词现在分词)；is,am,are is,am,are 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加 inging；is,am,areis,am,are 后面加上后面加上 notnot 帮助否定句，后面的动词加帮助否定句，后面的动词加 ingi

10、ng。A.A.肯定句肯定句:主语主语+be+be（is,is,am,am,areare）+Ving+Ving+其它其它 They Theyareare comingcoming here.here.B.B.否定句：否定句：主语主语+be+be（is,is,am,am,areare）+not+not+Ving+Ving+其它其它TheyThey arenarent t comingcoming here.here.C.C.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：bebe（Is,Am,AreIs,Am,Are）+主语主语+Ving+Ving+其它其它 Are they coming here Are they c

11、oming hereD.D.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+bebe（is,is,am,am,areare）+主语主语+Ving+Ving+其它其它 What What areare theytheydoingdoing三、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间里发生了的动作或状态。三、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间里发生了的动作或状态。结构：结构：1.1.动作词用过去式动作词用过去式(ed)(ed)；在主语前加在主语前加 diddid 帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；在动作词前加在动作词前加 didndidnt t 帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。帮助否定句，后面

12、的动词用原形。2.2.句子中没动作词时，用句子中没动作词时，用 bebe 动词的过去式：动词的过去式：was,werewas,were；was,were was,were 放在主语前帮助疑问句；放在主语前帮助疑问句；was,werewas,were 后面加上后面加上 notnot 帮助否定句。帮助否定句。A.A.肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+Ved+Ved+其它其它 We came from China We came from China主语主语+be(was,were)+be(was,were)+其它其它 We were from China.We were from China.B.B.否定

13、句：主语否定句：主语+didn+didnt+V+t+V+其它其它 We didn We didn t come from China.t come from China.主语主语+be(was,were)+not+be(was,were)+not+其它其它 We weren We weren t from China.t from China.C C一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Did+Did+主语主语+V+V+其它其它 Did you come from China Did you come from China be(Was,Were)+be(Was,Were)+主语主语+其它其它 Were y

14、ou from China Were you from ChinaD D特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+did+主语主语+V+V+其它其它 Where did you from Where did you from特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+be(was,were)+be(was,were)+主语主语+其它其它 Where were from Where were from四、一般将来时：表示将来某个时间的动作或状态。四、一般将来时：表示将来某个时间的动作或状态。结构：结构：1.be going to+1.be going to+动词原形动词原形 is,am,are is,am

15、,are 放在主语前帮助疑问句；放在主语前帮助疑问句；is,am,areis,am,are 后面加上后面加上 notnot 帮助否定句。帮助否定句。2.will+2.will+动词原形动词原形willwill 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；willwill 后面加上后面加上 notnot 帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。A.A.肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+will+V+will+V+其它其它 He will dig a hole.He will dig a hole.主语主语+be going to+V+be goin

16、g to+V+其它其它 He is going to dig a hole.He is going to dig a hole.B.B.否定句：主语否定句：主语+will not+V+will not+V+其它其它 He won He won t dig a hole.t dig a hole.主语主语+be not going go+V+be not going go+V+其它其它 He isn He isn t going to digt going to diga hole.a hole.C C一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Will+Will+主语主语+V+V+其它其它 Will he dig

17、 a hole Will he dig a hole Be(Is,Am,Are)+Be(Is,Am,Are)+主语主语 going to+V+going to+V+其它其它 Is he going to did Is he going to dida holea hole D D特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+will+will+主语主语+V+V+其它其它 What will he do What will he do特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+be(is,am,are)+be(is,am,are)+主语主语 going to+V+going to+V+其它其它 What is Wha

18、t ishe going to dohe going to do五、过去进行时：表示过去某时正在进行的动作。结构：五、过去进行时：表示过去某时正在进行的动作。结构：1.be1.be 动词动词(was,were)+(was,were)+动词动词 inging；was,were was,were 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加 inging；was,werewas,were 后面加上后面加上 notnot 帮助否定句，后面的动词加帮助否定句，后面的动词加 inging。A.A.肯定句肯定句:主语主语+be+be（was,werewas,were）+Ving H

19、e was digging a hole.+Ving He was digging a hole.B.B.否定句：主语否定句：主语+be+be（was,was,werewere）+not+not+Ving+VingHeHe wasntwasnt diggingdigging a a hole.hole.C.C.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：bebe（Was,WereWas,Were）+主语主语+Ving Was he digging a hole+Ving Was he digging a holeD.D.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+bebe（was,was,werewere）+主

20、语主语+Ving WhatVing What waswas hehe doingdoing（二）时态意义与结构一览表：（二）时态意义与结构一览表：动词形式动词形式常用时间常用时间肯定句肯定句否定句否定句(特殊特殊)疑问句疑问句时时时态意时态意态态义与义与动动主语主语词词一一三单三单般般1.1.表示表示现现现在的现在的在在状态。状态。时时bebeI Iamamam notam notisisis notis not(疑问词疑问词)is+)is+主主always,always,语语often,nowoften,now动动词词(疑问词疑问词)am+)am+主语主语usually,usually,(疑

21、问词疑问词)are+)are+主主sometimes,sometimes,ever,ever,never,never,you,you,areare复复are notare not语语(疑问词疑问词)can+)can+主主in thein thecan+Vcan+Vcan not+Vcan not+V语语+V+Vmorningmorningin thein the(疑问词疑问词)may+)may+主主情情2.2.表示表示经常性经常性习惯性习惯性的动作、的动作、兴趣爱兴趣爱好或能好或能力。力。行行为为动动非三非三V Vdondont+Vt+V语语+V+Vdoesndoesnt t三单三单VsVs+

22、V+V主语主语+V+V(疑问词疑问词)does+)does+shouldshould+V+Vshould notshould not词词)should+)should+主语主语+V+V+V+Vonce a week,once a week,twice atwice amonth,month,3 times a3 times a(疑问词疑问词)do+)do+主主yearyear词词单单everyevery态态所有所有(疑问词疑问词)must+)must+动动词词(疑问疑问on Sunday,on Sunday,主语主语must+Vmust+Vmustmust notnot+V+V主语主语+V+V

23、at night,at night,may+Vmay+Vmay not+Vmay not+V语语+V+Vin thein theevening,evening,afternoon,afternoon,bebe无无3.3.祈使祈使句句行行为为无无BeBeD Donont bet beBe quick.DonBe quick.Dont be worried.t be worried.V VD Donont+Vt+VListen to me.DonListen to me.Dont push.t push.What a mess!What a beautiful desert!What beauti

24、fulWhat a mess!What a beautiful desert!What beautiful4.4.感叹感叹flowers!flowers!句句HowHow beautiful!Howbeautiful!How beautifulbeautiful thethe flowerflower is!Howis!How beautifulbeautiful thetheflowers are!flowers are!(疑问词疑问词)was+)was+bebe一一表示过表示过般般去了的去了的过过动作或动作或去去时时状态。状态。行行动动词词复复werewere+you+youwere no

25、twere not主语主语(疑问词疑问词)were+)were+单单waswaswas notwas not主语主语yesterday,yesterday,thisthismorning,morning,beforebefore that,that,所有所有VedVeddidndidnt+Vt+V语语+V+V(疑问词疑问词)did+)did+主主lastlast为为主语主语isis三单三单+Ving+Ving现现表示现表示现在在在正在在正在进进进行的进行的行行行行为为I I动动+Ving+Vingamamis notis not+Ving+Ving(疑问词疑问词)is+)is+主主语语+Vin

26、g+Vingnow,now,Listen!Listen!Look!Look!WhereWheres sam notam not+Ving+Ving(疑问词疑问词)am+)am+主语主语+Ving+Ving时时动作。动作。词词you,you,复复areare+Ving+Vingare notare not+Ving+Ving(疑问词疑问词)are+)are+主主语语+Ving+Ving单单过过表示过表示过去去去某时去某时进进正在进正在进行行行的动行的动时时作。作。行行为为复复+you+youyouyouwaswas+Ving+Vingwas notwas not+Ving+Ving(疑问词疑问词

27、)was+)was+主主语语+Ving+Vingyesterdayyesterdaythisthis morningmorningwerewere+Ving+Vingwere notwere not+Ving+Ving(疑问词疑问词)were+)were+主语主语+Ving+Vingat that timeat that timeat nineat nine 一一表示表示1 1 bebe所有所有will+will+wonwont+bet+be(疑问词疑问词)will+)will+tomorrow,tomorrow,般般将要将要将将来来时时发生发生的动的动作或作或状状态。态。行行为为主语主语be

28、be主语主语+be+bethisthisevening,evening,(疑问词疑问词)Will+)Will+Will+VWill+Vwonwont+Vt+V主语主语+V+Vin a minute,in a minute,isisis notis not(疑问词疑问词)is+)is+主语主语after that,after that,later,later,三单三单goinggoinggoing to+Vgoing to+Vgoing to+Vgoing to+Vto+Vto+Vnextnext行行amamam notam not(疑问词疑问词)am+)am+主语主语2 2为为I Igoinggoing动动going to+Vgoing to+Vgoing to+Vgoing to+V词词to+Vto+Vareareyou,you,are notare not(疑问词疑问词)are+)are+主主goinggoing复复going to+Vgoing to+V语语 going to+Vgoing to+Vto+Vto+V