句子成分课件--高三英语二轮复习.pptx

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1、英语句子概论I am a dog.I can bark.There stands my house.I have a friend.We give each other food.We make each other happy.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语.主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词.There be 句式句式.主语主语 动词动词 宾语宾语+宾补宾补.主语主语 动词动词 间宾间宾+直宾直宾.主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语。a.主语主语不及物动词不及物动词（主谓）（主谓）c.主语主语及物动词及物动词宾语宾语（主谓宾）（主谓宾）b.主语主语系动词系动词表表（主系表）（主系表）d.主

2、语双宾动词主语双宾动词+间宾间宾+直宾直宾（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）e.主语主语宾补动词宾补动词宾语宾语宾语补语宾语补语（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）f.There+be句式句式简简单单句句a.主 谓 He runs every day.He works out every dayb.主主 谓宾谓宾 They laughed at her.They told a lie.简简单单句句d.主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾Heofferedmehisseat.Iboughthimaticket.c.主主+系系+表表The soup tastes delicious.He is an artist.简简

3、单单句句e.（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）Thenoisealmostdrovemecrazy.Heencouragedustostudyhard.Ismellsomethingburning.Tomhadthewaterrunning.f.There+be/stand/lie/live.There lies a lake in the north of our county.There exist a few strange animals.There will be no living things on the Mars.简简单单句句Exercise:分析句子结构1）Youareastud

4、ent.2）Hefelthappy.3）Thenewsmademehappy.4）Couldyougivemesomeadvice?5）Hewentaway.6）Helikespopmusic.7）Thesoundsoundsstrange.8）Thefoodtastesgood.9）Hegavemeabook.10）Weallthinkitapity.Exercise 翻译句子翻译句子1.Mary 出去了。出去了。2.他能说英语。他能说英语。3.他不能忍受疼痛。他不能忍受疼痛。4.我看到他被他爸打。我看到他被他爸打。5.他让我们感到高兴。他让我们感到高兴。Mary went outHe ca

5、n speak EnglishHe cant stand the pain.I saw him beaten by his father.He made us happy.I am a lovely dog.I can bark loudly.There stands my small house with a beautiful window.I have a lovely friend,Tonny.We often give each other tasty food on the grass.We really make each other happy every day.定义定义：构

6、成句子的各个部分叫做句子成：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有分。句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成分次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语补足语、同位语句句子子成成分分Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.To seeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.The youngshouldrespecttheold.主语句子说明的人或事物 （名词）（名词）（代词）（代词

7、）（数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（名词化的形容词）句句子子成成分分谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由系动词、动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helooked aftertwoorphans.Thestoryis interesting.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;Hecan speakEnglishwell.Shedoesnt seemtolikedancingShowyourticket,please.Shedidntsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttw

8、o.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（名词（名词）(代词）代词）(数词数词)(名词化的形容词名词化的形容词)(三三)宾语宾语 动作的对象或承受者动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语及物动词或介词的宾语（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）句句子子成成分分（四）表语在在 系动词系动词或连系动词或连系动词 后的部分就是表语后的部分就是表语1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.I

9、m not quite myself today.5.That remains a puzzle.6.I dont feel at ease.（名词（名词）（不定式）（不定式）(形容词形容词)(介词短语介词短语)(副词副词)（代词）（代词）句句子子成成分分Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbettyssister?Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组(形容词形容词)

10、(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)句句子子成成分分定语后置：定语后置：如果定语是由如果定语是由一个单词一个单词表示时，通常要前置。表示时，通常要前置。而由而由一个词组一个词组表示时，通常则后置表示时，通常则后置Thegirlin red ishissister.Wehavealotofworkto do.Thegirlstanding under the treeishisdaughter.句句子子成成分分 （六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式和伴随状况等。Iwillbebackin a w

11、hile.Theyareplayingon the playground.Hewaslatebecause he got up late.Hegotupsolatethat I missed the train.Iwaitedto see you.Heoftenwenttoschoolby bus.Hisparentsdied,leaving him an orphan.Pleasecallmeif it is necessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolin spite of his illness.句句子子成成分分（七）宾语补足语（七

12、）宾语补足语有些有些及物动词及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.宾补可宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词或介词由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词或介词(短语短语)等等充当。充当。Sheaskedmeto lend her a hand.句句子子成成分分Exercise 指出划线部分

13、句子成分：指出划线部分句子成分：1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8.His wish is to

14、 become a scientist.主主定定间宾间宾谓谓vt时状时状定定状状定定表表宾宾状状主主表表9.He managed to finish the work in time.10.Tom came to ask me for advice.11.He found it important to master English.12.Would you please tell me your address?13.He sat there,reading a newspaper.14.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.

15、15.He noticed a man enter the room.谓谓宾宾状状形宾形宾真宾真宾双宾双宾地状地状伴状伴状形主形主宾补宾补宾补宾补表表I am a lovely dog and I can bark loudly.There stands my small house with a beautiful window which faces the south.I have a lovely friend whose name is Tonny.Every time we see each other,we often give each other tasty food on

16、the grass.As is often the case,We really make each other happy every day.并并列列句句需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。用分号：用分号：We fished all day;we didnt catch a thing.用分号，后跟一个连接副词：用分号，后跟一个连接副词：We fished all day;however,we didnt catch a thi

17、ng.用并列连词（如用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等等）We fished all day,but(we)didnt catch a thing.并并列列句句常用并列连词常用并列连词平行并列连词平行并列连词:转折并列连词：转折并列连词：因果并列连词因果并列连词:选择并列连词选择并列连词:and,bothand,not onlybut also,neithernorbut,while,yetfor,soor,eitheror特殊句式特殊句式 并并列列句句祈使句祈使句/名词（组）名词（组）+and/or+陈述句（一般将来时）陈述句（一般将来时）Try your best,and you

18、 will succeed.Try your best,or you will fail.One more step,and you will reach it.One more step,or you cant reach it.Exercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。He was tired,so he went to bed.1.He was tired.He went to bed.2.The child hid behind his mothers skirt.He was afraid of the dog.3.H

19、e made a promise.He didnt keep it.He made a promise,but He didnt keep it.The child hid behind his mothers skirt,for he was afraid of the dog.复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。复合句复合句=主句主句 +连接连接词词+从句。从句。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从

20、句：词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：1.名词性从句名词性从句2.状语从句状语从句 3.定语从句定语从句复复合合句句He told me the news.宾语宾语that I could have the money without delay.when he was leaving for Paris.宾语从句宾语从句复复合合句句the people surprised That What he saidwhat he did主语主语That he didnt know the answerin the room.定语定语who were sitting in the room.who

21、se sons were at war.复复合合句句He worked in that factory three years ago.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语where his father workedin that factorywhen he lived there复复合合句句指出句子的类型指出句子的类型Practice1.Why he is absent is unknown.2.I have no idea why he is absent.3.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.4.This is a computer tha

22、t works much slower.5.He was punished because he broke the law.6.Every time I see him,he works hard.7.I will go unless no one else does.8.As we know,the meeting is a great success.9.Work hard,and you can pass the exam.10.I like reading,while he likes watching TV.用所给连词连接句子。用所给连词连接句子。He has found out.

23、She was late.(why)名词性从句名词性从句He has found out why she was late.I still remember the day.I first went to York on that day.(when)定语从句定语从句I still remember the day when I first went to York.将各组句子连接为一个含有将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句状语从句的复合句。的复合句。PracticeHe didnt come yesterday.He was ill.(原因原因)He didnt come yesterday

24、because he was ill.Ill give the letter to him.I see him.（时间时间）It is such a big box.Nobody can move it.（结果结果）Well go to the great wall.Its fine tomorrow.(条件条件)We should not go there all the time.The place is quite pleasant.(让步）让步）It is such a big box that nobody can move it.Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.Although the place is quite pleasant,we should not go there all the time.Ill give the letter to him when I see him.Ill give the letter to him as soon as I see him.