中考英语二轮复习：句子成分基本句型课件.pptx

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1、句子成分句子成分:构成句子的各个部分构成句子的各个部分 主要主要句子成分句子成分 常见词类常见词类 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语表语表语定定语语状状语语补足语补足语冠词冠词名词名词代词代词数词数词形容词形容词副词副词介词介词动名词动名词动词不定式动词不定式一、主语一、主语主语是主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者执行者，常置于常置于句首句首.通常通常由由 等充当等充当。I like football.The boy needs a pen.Planning is good as it decides in detail how we do.What I am goi

2、ng to tell you is about the book donation from our school to your Chinese class.Eight sounds better.Running is not allowed here.To do is more important than to say.代词、名词、动名词代词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、数词、或从句动词不定式、数词、或从句找出下列句子的主语二、谓语二、谓语谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征，谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征，主要由主要由 充当，有人称、数和充当，有人称、数和时态的变化。时态的变化

3、。The train leaves at 6 oclock.He practices running every morning.Half an hour later,I managed to find the right answer.I am writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.动词动词找出下列句子的谓语动词包括：动词包括：be 动词，行为动词，情态动词，助动词动词，行为动词，情态动词，助动词I can speak English.Must I go there today?We should finish ou

4、r homework on time.I dont know.I havent finished my homework.情态动词：情态动词：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should),will(would).助动词：助动词：be，have/has，do/does/did 情态动词和助动词都情态动词和助动词都不能单独做谓语不能单独做谓语，必须加行为动词才能必须加行为动词才能构成谓语。构成谓语。I can speak English well.I can speak English well.I didnt sleep well last night.I d

5、idnt sleep well last night.二、谓语二、谓语1.谓语可以是不及物动词（不及物动词（Vi.),后面 接宾语，意思完整。He comes.(不及物动词）Many changes took place in my hometown.（不及物动词短语）2.谓语可以是及物动词（及物动词（Vt.),后面 接宾语，意思才完整。He gave me a nice gift.Mike likes playing basketball.系动词？系动词？不用要系动词：连接主语和表语的词称为系动词。连接主语和表语的词称为系动词。常见系动词有：（1）be动词，am/is/are,was/wer

6、e等。He is a kind boy.（2）表示变化的系动词，如get/turn/become等。Leaves turn yellow when autumn comes.（3）表示保持类的系动词，如stay/keep等。We should keep healthy by doing sports.（4）五大感官系动词,如feel,look,taste,smell,sound。The music sounds beautiful.（5）表示“似乎；好像”的系动词，如seem,appear等。It seems that it is going to rain.三、宾语三、宾语宾语宾语是动作的对

7、象或承受者，通常位于是动作的对象或承受者，通常位于及物动词和介词的后面及物动词和介词的后面。宾语通常。宾语通常由由 等充当。等充当。I like her.He won the game.Tom likes swimming.We decided to go to Guangzhou with our grandparents.My son said that he would try his best to learn English well.代词、名词、动名词代词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、或从句动词不定式、或从句找出下列句子的宾语四、表语四、表语表语与其前的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说

8、明主语的特征、类属、表语与其前的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。表语通常由状态、身份等。表语通常由 等等充当。充当。My name is Mary.He is a student.Its getting warmer and warmer.Our aim is to help them(to)get out of the trouble.The reason was that he was late for school.名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、或从句名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、或从句找出下列句子的表语六种六种基本的简单句基本的简单句句型句型一、一、主语

9、主语 Vi(Vi(不及物动词不及物动词)二、二、主语主语 Vt(Vt(及物动词及物动词)宾语宾语三、三、主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 宾语宾语 四、四、主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 补语补语五、五、主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语六、六、There be There be 句型句型 主要掌握以下句型一、一、主语主语 谓语谓语Vi(Vi(不及物动词不及物动词)二、二、主语主语 谓语谓语Vt(Vt(及物动词及物动词)宾语宾语五、五、主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语六、六、There be There be 句型句型 一、主语谓语1.He runs quickly.2.The Spring come

10、s.3.The sun rises in the east.4.They arrived in Chongqing last night.此句型的句子中的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做此句型的句子中的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不不及物动词及物动词（vi），后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。注意：主语可有修饰语注意：主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。状语。The red sun rises in the east.翻译句子1.车停了。The car stopped.2.他们在课堂上大声说话。They

11、 speak loudly in the class.3.阳光灿烂。The son is/was shining.She speaks English.主语谓语宾语I like music.主语谓语宾语主语、谓语、宾语此句型的句子中的谓语动词不能表达完整的意思，必须接宾语，意思才完整。此句型的句子中的谓语动词不能表达完整的意思，必须接宾语，意思才完整。这类动词叫做这类动词叫做及物动词及物动词（vt）主语谓语宾语主格宾格IheshewetheymehimherusthemYou and I like her.She likes you and me.思考一下：“你和我喜欢她”跟“她喜欢你和我”表

12、达有什么不同？主+谓+宾 一、主语谓语宾语 翻译练习1.我已经完成寒假作业了。我已经完成寒假作业了。I have finished my winter homework.2.她喜欢阅读。她喜欢阅读。She enjoys reading.3.他说他喜欢运动。他说他喜欢运动。He said that he liked sports.4.他喜欢打篮球，玩电脑游戏，听音乐和读书。他喜欢打篮球，玩电脑游戏，听音乐和读书。He likes playing basketball,playing computer games,listening to music and reading books.判断下列句

13、子类型判断下列句子类型1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2.The dinner smells good.3.They are growing tall and strong.此此句句型型的的句句子子中中的的动动词词为为系系动动词词，常常见见的的系系动动词词有有：be动动词词，感感官官动动词词，持持续续系系动词，表象系动词，变化系动词等。动词，表象系动词，变化系动词等。翻译下列句子：翻译下列句子：1.秋天树叶变黄了。秋天树叶变黄了。Leaves turn yellow in autumn.2.我最喜爱的运动是踢足球。我最喜爱的运动是踢足球。My f

14、avourite sport is playing football.3.这些饺子尝起来味道很好。这些饺子尝起来味道很好。The dumplings taste really good.主语系动词表语主语系动词表语三、There be 句型There are birds in the tree.There is some money in the purse.There be是一种常见的表示“存在存在”的句型,表示某地存在某物，是一种倒装语序倒装语序。There be句型当中谓语动词be在人称和数以及时态都应与其后的主语保持一致。翻译下列句子：翻译下列句子：1.教室里有教室里有15位学生。位学

15、生。There are fifteen students in the classroom.2.十年前，这里有一所高中。十年前，这里有一所高中。There was a high school in the ten years ago.3.将会有越来越多的人喜欢网购。将会有越来越多的人喜欢网购。There will be more and more people like online shopping.短文填空1.Lin Zexu a famous hero in the late Qing Dynasty.He was born in a poor family in Fujian Province in 1785.When he up,he became a fovernment worker and in 13 provinces for more than 40 years.2.There a book and some pens on the desk.3.There some pens and a book on the desk.在there be 句型中，如果be后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，be的形式遵循“就近原则”。wasgrewworkedisare