审计学一种整合方法第英文课件.pptx

《审计学一种整合方法第英文课件.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《审计学一种整合方法第英文课件.pptx（45页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Sarbanes-Oxley ActThe Act established the Public CompanyAccounting Oversight Board.It also requires auditors to attest tomanagement reports on the effectivenessof internal control over financial reporting.第1页/共45页Learning Objective 1Learning Objective 1Describe auditing.第2页/共45页 Nature of AuditingAu

2、diting is the accumulation and evaluationof evidence about information to determineand report on the degree of correspondencebetween the information and established criteria.Auditing should be done by a competent,independent person.第3页/共45页Information and Established CriteriaTo do an audit,there mus

3、t be information in averifiable form and some standards(criteria)by which the auditor can evaluate the information.第4页/共45页Accumulating Evidence and Evaluating EvidenceEvidence is any information used by the auditorto determine whether the information beingaudited is stated in accordance with theest

4、ablished criteria.第5页/共45页Competent,Independent PersonThe auditor must be qualified to understand thecriteria used and must be competent to knowthe types and amount of evidence to accumulateto reach the proper conclusion after theevidence has been examined.The competence of the individual performing

5、the audit is of little value if he or she is biasedin the accumulation and evaluation of evidence.第6页/共45页Audit ReportThe final stage in the auditing process ispreparing the Audit Report,which is thecommunication of the auditors findings to users.第7页/共45页Audit of a Tax Return ExampleInternalInternal

6、RevenueRevenueagentagentCompetent,independentpersonExamines cancelledchecks and othersupporting recordsAccumulates andevaluates evidenceDeterminescorrespondenceFederal taxFederal taxreturns filedreturns filedby taxpayerby taxpayerInformationInternal RevenueCode and allinterpretationsEstablished crit

7、eriaReport on taxdeficienciesReport on results第8页/共45页Learning Objective 2Distinguish between auditingand accounting.第9页/共45页Distinguish BetweenAuditing and AccountingAccounting is the recording,classifying,and summarizing of economic eventsfor the purpose of providing financialinformation used in d

8、ecision making.Auditing is determining whetherrecorded information properlyreflects the economic events thatoccurred during the accounting period.第10页/共45页Learning Objective 3Explain the importance of auditingin reducing information risk.第11页/共45页Economic Demandfor AuditingInformation risk reflects

9、the possibility thatthe information upon which the businessrisk decision was made was inaccurate.Auditing can have a significant effecton information risk.第12页/共45页Learning Objective 4Learning Objective 4List the causes of informationrisk,and explain how this riskmay be reduced.第13页/共45页Causes of In

10、formation RiskCauses of Information Risk Remoteness of information Biases and motives of the provider Voluminous data Complex exchange transactions第14页/共45页Reducing Information Risk User verifies information User shares information risk with management Audited financial statements are provided第15页/共

11、45页Learning Objective 5Describe assurance servicesand distinguish audit servicesfrom other assurance andnonassurance servicesprovided by CPAs.第16页/共45页Assurance ServicesAn assurance service is an independentprofessional service that improves thequality of information for decision makers.Assurance se

12、rvices can be performed byCPAs or by a variety of other professionals.第17页/共45页Attestation ServicesAn attestation service is a type of assuranceservice in which the CPA firm issues areport about the reliability of an assertionthat is the responsibility of another party.第18页/共45页Attestation Services1

13、.Audit of historical financial statements2.Attestation of internal control over financial reporting3.Review of historical financial statements4.Attestation services on information technology5.Other attestation services第19页/共45页Relationships Among Auditors,Client,and External UsersClientAuditorAudito

14、rClient or auditcommittee hiresauditorExternalExternalUsersUsersAuditor issuesreport reliedupon by users第20页/共45页Other Assurance ServicesMost of the other assurance services that CPAsprovide do not meet the formal definitionof attestation services.The CPA is not required to issue a written report.Th

15、e assurance does not have to be about thereliability of another partys assertion aboutcompliance with specified criteria.第21页/共45页AICPA Assurance ServicesThe AICPA formed the Special Committeeon Assurance Services(SCAS).第22页/共45页Attestation Services on Information TechnologyWebTrust is an attestatio

16、n service,and theWebTrust seal is a symbolic representationof the CPAs report on managementsassertions about its disclosure ofelectronic commerce practices.第23页/共45页Attestation Services on Information TechnologySysTrust is an attest-type engagementto evaluate and test system reliability inareas such

17、 as security and data integrity.第24页/共45页Principles for WebTrust and SysTrust Services1.Online privacy2.Security3.Processing integrity4.Availability5.Confidentiality6.Certification authorities(WebTrust only)第25页/共45页Nonassurance Services Provided by CPAs1.Accounting and bookkeeping services2.Tax ser

18、vices3.Management consulting services第26页/共45页Other Assurance Services ExamplesControls over and risks related to investments,including policies related to derivativesassessing the processes in a companysinvestment practices to identify risks and todetermine the effectiveness of those processes.第27页

19、/共45页Other Assurance Services ExamplesMystery shoppingperforming anonymous shopping to assesssales personnel dealing with customers andprocedures they follow.第28页/共45页Other Assurance Services ExamplesAssess risks of accumulation,distribution,and storage of digital informationassessing security risks

20、 and relatedcontrols over data and other informationstored electronically,including theadequacy of backup and off-site storage.第29页/共45页Other Assurance Services ExamplesFraud and illegal acts risk assessmentdeveloping fraud risk profiles and assessing theadequacy of company systems and policies inpr

21、eventing and detecting fraud and illegal acts.第30页/共45页Other Assurance Services Examples Compliance with trading policies and procedures Compliance with entertainment royalty agreements ISO 900 certification Environmental audit第31页/共45页Assurance,Attestation,and Nonassurance ServicesOther Assurance S

22、ervicesCertainManagementConsultingOther Attestation Services(e.g.,WebTrust,SysTrust)ATTESTATION SERVICESAuditsReviewsInternal Controlover Financial ReportingASSURANCE SERVICES第32页/共45页Assurance,Attestation,and Nonassurance ServicesCertainManagementConsultingNONASSURANCE SERVICESNONASSURANCE SERVICES

23、Other ManagementConsultingTaxServicesAccounting andBookkeeping第33页/共45页Learning Objective 6Differentiate the three maintypes of audits.第34页/共45页Types of Audits Operational Compliance Financial Statement第35页/共45页Operational AuditExampleEvaluate computerized payroll systemfor efficiency and effectiven

24、essInformationNumber of records processed,costs ofthe department,and number of errorsEstablishedCriteriaCompany standards for efficiency andeffectiveness in payroll departmentAvailableEvidenceError reports,payroll records,andpayroll processing costs第36页/共45页Compliance AuditExampleDetermine whether b

25、ank requirementsfor loan continuation have been metInformationCompany recordsEstablishedCriteriaLoan agreement provisionsAvailableEvidenceFinancial statements andcalculations by the auditor第37页/共45页Audit of Historical Financial StatementsExampleAnnual audit of Boeings financialstatementsInformationB

26、oeings financial statementsEstablishedCriteriaGenerally accepted accountingprinciplesAvailableEvidenceDocuments,records,and outsidesources of evidence第38页/共45页Learning Objective 7Identify the primary typesof auditors.第39页/共45页Types of Auditors Internal auditors Independent certified public accountin

27、g firms Internal Revenue agents Governmental general accounting office auditors第40页/共45页Learning Objective 8Describe the requirementsfor becoming a CPA.第41页/共45页Three Requirements forBecoming a CPA Educational requirement Uniform CPA examination requirement Experience requirement第42页/共45页CPA Examination Sections Auditing and Attestation Financial Accounting and Reporting Regulation Business Environments and Concepts第43页/共45页End of Chapter 1第44页/共45页感谢您的观看。第45页/共45页