英文时态三完成时态课件.ppt

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1、关于英文时态三完成关于英文时态三完成时态时态现在学习的是第1页，共33页完成动作：1、现在完成（havehas done）2、过去完成（had done）3、将来完成（will have done）完成时态概述：形式：have done意义：完成时态表示的是在某一特定时刻（现在、过去或将来）之前开始发生的并持续到这一特定时刻或对这一特定时刻有影响的一个活动。现在学习的是第2页，共33页现在完成时：在现在之前（即过去）开始发生并持续到现在或对现在有影响的动作。I I have learnedhave learned 2000 words so far.2000 words so far.过去完成

2、时：过去完成时：在过去之前（即过去的过去）开始发生的并持续到过去或在过去之前（即过去的过去）开始发生的并持续到过去或对过去有影响的动作。对过去有影响的动作。I had learnedhad learned 1000 words by the end of last year.1000 words by the end of last year.将来完成时：将来完成时：在将来之前（可能是过去、现在或将来）开始发生的并持续在将来之前（可能是过去、现在或将来）开始发生的并持续的将来或对将来有影响的动作。的将来或对将来有影响的动作。I I will have learned 3000 words by

3、 the end of next year.3000 words by the end of next year.现在学习的是第3页，共33页一、现在完成时态（一、现在完成时态（havehas done）1 1、现在完成时态用法（一）：延续到现在的动作或状、现在完成时态用法（一）：延续到现在的动作或状态态 开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去。谓语动词一般为延续性动词。An old woman walked out into the middle of the street.The An old woman walked out into the middle of the

4、street.The policeman yelled to her,policeman yelled to her,“DonDon t you know what it means when I hold up my hand?”The lady said,The lady said,“Sure I do.I Sure I do.I have have beenbeen a school teacher for 28 years now.a school teacher for 28 years now.”I have livedhave lived here for 3 years.her

5、e for 3 years.The teacher The teacher has taughthas taught in this school since I came here.I I ve workedve worked in this company since I left school.in this company since I left school.Since time began,man Since time began,man has livedhas lived in fear of fire.in fear of fire.现在学习的是第4页，共33页或者，由上下

6、文明确告知，开始于过去的动作只持续到说话时刻为止即已结束。例如：A A：HaveHave you you waitedwaited long?B：I I ve waited for three hours.I I ve waitedve waited for him all day;I don for him all day;I dont want to wait any longer.t want to wait any longer.这种现在完成时的特点：这种现在完成时的特点：1）谓语动词一般为延续性动词。）谓语动词一般为延续性动词。2）动作发生的时间是过去，但这一动作持续到现在，而且还可

7、）动作发生的时间是过去，但这一动作持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去。能继续持续下去。3 3）与这种用法的现在完成时态连用的时间状语通常是表示）与这种用法的现在完成时态连用的时间状语通常是表示“一一段时间段时间”的时间状语，以说明某个动作或状态持续了多久。的时间状语，以说明某个动作或状态持续了多久。现在学习的是第5页，共33页与此种用法的现在完成时态搭配的时间状语：since时间点Ive worked in this company since 1980.Ive worked in this company since I left school.注意不能说：since three years

8、，而要说since three years ago。for时间段Ive worked in this company for three years.Great changes have taken place in Beijing for the past few years.现在学习的是第6页，共33页“到目前为止到目前为止”：until now,up until now,up to now,up till until now,up until now,up to now,up till now,so farnow,so far等。例如：等。例如：We have up until now

9、failed to take any action to decide on a We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between common language that would further communication between nations.nations.“在最近几世纪年月以来在最近几世纪年月以来”：in the past few years,in the past few years,

10、over the past few years,during the last three months,for the last over the past few years,during the last three months,for the last few centuries,through centuries,throughout historyfew centuries,through centuries,throughout history等。例如：等。例如：Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all

11、 living Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die,for the very nature of life includes death.things must die,for the very nature of life includes death.Through centuries the bizarre antics of sleepwalkers have puzzled Through centuries the bizarre antics of sl

12、eepwalkers have puzzled police,perplexed scientists and fascinated writers.police,perplexed scientists and fascinated writers.现在学习的是第7页，共33页2 2、现在完成时态用法（二）：过去发生但与现在仍有联系的动作或状态 表示在不确定的过去发生的某一动作对现在仍有影响。谓语动词一般为短暂性动词。He He has brokenhas broken his leg.his leg.He He brokebroke his leg.his leg.A modern gir

13、l went to the theatre with a vest and a pair of A modern girl went to the theatre with a vest and a pair of slippers.The ticket-examiner turned her away very politely:slippers.The ticket-examiner turned her away very politely:“Miss,Miss,NO ADMISSION WITH SLIPPERS.NO ADMISSION WITH SLIPPERS.”“Real1y?

14、Real1y?”the girl took off the girl took off the slippers and carried them in her hands,the slippers and carried them in her hands,“Then I will go in Then I will go in barefootedly.barefootedly.”“Oh,my god!”the ticket-examiner cried out,the ticket-examiner cried out,“Fortunately,I Fortunately,I have

15、not toldhave not told her NO ADMISSION WITH A her NO ADMISSION WITH A VEST.VEST.”A：What What has happenedhas happened to Jane?She is crying.B：She broke the dining-room window.She has to face the music when her father gets home.现在学习的是第8页，共33页Mr.Odds works in a bank and lives on his own.The only famil

16、y he has is in the Mr.Odds works in a bank and lives on his own.The only family he has is in the next town:his sister lives there with her husband,and her son,Mark.Last week Mr.next town:his sister lives there with her husband,and her son,Mark.Last week Mr.Odds had a surprise.He drove home from the

17、bank at the usual time,driving neither Odds had a surprise.He drove home from the bank at the usual time,driving neither too slowly nor too fast;he parked his car where he always parked it,out of the way of too slowly nor too fast;he parked his car where he always parked it,out of the way of other c

18、ars,and he went inside to make his evening meal.Straight away,there was a other cars,and he went inside to make his evening meal.Straight away,there was a knock at the door.Mr.Odds opened the door,to find a policeman standing on the knock at the door.Mr.Odds opened the door,to find a policeman stand

19、ing on the doorstep.doorstep.“What What havehave I I donedone wrong?wrong?”Mr.Odds asked himself.Mr.Odds asked himself.“HaveHave I I drivendriven on the on the wrong side of the road?wrong side of the road?HasHas there there beenbeen some trouble at the bank?some trouble at the bank?HaveHave I I for

20、gottenforgotten to pay an important bill?to pay an important bill?”“Hello,Uncle,Hello,Uncle,”said the policeman,said the policeman,“My nameMy name s Mark.s Mark.”You should have put the milk into icebox;I expect it You should have put the milk into icebox;I expect it undrinkable by now.undrinkable b

21、y now.A Abecame Bbecame Bhad become Chad become Chas become Dhas become Dbecomesbecomes 现在学习的是第9页，共33页第二种现在完成时态使用技巧1、这种完成时态的肯定句不与“一段时间”的时间状语连用常见的这类动词有：come,go,leave,kill,die,lose,buy,start,give,marry,join,bring,etc.），因此与它连用的时间状语不能是指“一段时间”。I have heard from my girlfriend since I came to America.（）I h

22、ave bought this pair of shoes for a year（）He has left his hometown for 3 years.（）现在学习的是第10页，共33页具有具有“新闻新闻”性质The President has been assassinated.He canHe can t go on holiday because he t go on holiday because he has brokenhas broken his leg.his leg.请认真体会下面对话：请认真体会下面对话：A A：HaveHave you you seenseen th

23、e film the film“Forrest Gump”?B B：Yes,I Yes,I have.A A：When When diddid you see it?you see it?B B：I sawsaw it last spring.it last spring.A A：DidDid you see it alone?B：No,I No,I sawsaw it with my boyfriend.现在学习的是第11页，共33页A：The President has been assassinated.B：Really?When did that happen?A：He was kil

24、led last night when he spoke in crowd.A：I hear that famous Chinese comedian has died.B：Really?When did she die?A：She was dead late last night.A：Has the boss come yet?B：Yes,he has.He is in his office now.A：When did he come?B：He came at 9 oclock.He asked about you.现在学习的是第12页，共33页3 3、现在完成时态用法（三）：到目前的一个

25、时间段内重复、现在完成时态用法（三）：到目前的一个时间段内重复发生的动作发生的动作For more than eighty years,scientists have arguedhave argued over over whether life exists on the planet Mars.whether life exists on the planet Mars.Mary told her friend about her husbandMary told her friend about her husbands poor memory.s poor memory.“My My

26、 husband is losing his memory.But I canhusband is losing his memory.But I cant complain.I t complain.I have hadhave had three birthdays this year.three birthdays this year.”We We have takenhave taken three tests so far this week.three tests so far this week.I have madehave made many new friends sinc

27、e I came to Beijing.many new friends since I came to Beijing.I I have written my girlfriends one hundred love letters since we my girlfriends one hundred love letters since we met.met.现在学习的是第13页，共33页4 4、其他使用现在完成时的结构、其他使用现在完成时的结构ThisThisThatThatIt is+It is+序数词序数词+名词名词+that+现在完成时现在完成时It is the It is t

28、he thirdthird time that I time that I ve comeve come to Beijing.It is the fifth time that someone has knocked at my door.at my door.This is the This is the tenth cup of coffee that I ve drunkve drunk this evening.this evening.How are you going to be able to fall asleep later if you keep on like this

29、?ThisThisThatThatIt is+It is+最高级或最高级或only修饰名词修饰名词+现在完成时This is the This is the most interesting movie that I movie that I ve ever seen.This is the bestbest wine I have ever drunk.wine I have ever drunk.It is the It is the worstworst book I have ever read.book I have ever read.This is the This is the

30、 hardest job I have ever had.job I have ever had.This is the This is the only only book he has written.现在学习的是第14页，共33页5、现在完成时与一般过去时比较、现在完成时与一般过去时比较 现在完成时的第二种用法。此时完成时表示的也是过去的现在完成时的第二种用法。此时完成时表示的也是过去的动作或情况，只是当我们强调过去的事情对现在仍有意义或动作或情况，只是当我们强调过去的事情对现在仍有意义或仍有重要影响时才用现在完成时。仍有重要影响时才用现在完成时。He can t go on holid

31、ay because he t go on holiday because he has brokenhas broken his leg.He broke broke his leg.his leg.One of your friends is driving a sports car but he seems to be One of your friends is driving a sports car but he seems to be very nervous and not sure what to do.very nervous and not sure what to do

32、.You may ask:You may ask:Have Have you you drivendriven a sports car before?He may reply:No,this is the first time that I ve drivenve driven a sports car.DidDid you drive to the party?you drive to the party?现在学习的是第15页，共33页比较：比较：I havenhaven t seen him this morning.him this morning.I I didndidn t see

33、 him this morning.him this morning.I I have calledhave called him three times this morning.him three times this morning.I I calledcalled him three times this morning.him three times this morning.在用于延续性动词时两种时态的区别，请比较：在用于延续性动词时两种时态的区别，请比较：He lives in Beijing.He He lives in Beijing.He has livedhas live

34、d here for 3 years.here for 3 years.He He livedlived in Beijing for 3 years and then emigrated to America.He has beenhas been in the army for 6 years.He waswas in the army for 6 years.in the army for 6 years.I I have smoked for 2 years.for 2 years.I I smokedsmoked for 2 years.for 2 years.现在学习的是第16页，

35、共33页二、过去完成时态（二、过去完成时态（had done）1、过去完成时的意义：现在完成时表示一个开始于现在之前（即过去）并在现在仍持续或刚刚结束的动作。同理类推，过去完成时也可以用来表示在过去某一时刻之前（即过去的过去）就已开始的动作，这一动作：1）在该过去时刻仍然在继续，或在该过去时刻刚刚停止；2）在该过去时刻之前的某一时刻停止的动作；3）在该过去时刻之前的一段时间内重复的动作。现在学习的是第17页，共33页2、过去完成时的用法开始于过去之前（即过去的过去）的动作或状态在过去这一时刻仍在持续。I had stayed in America for two years when he m

36、oved here.I had learned 1000 words by the end of last year.He had collected ten books of stamps by the end of last month.We had studied English for six years when we entered college.It had snowed for a long time when I woke up.现在学习的是第18页，共33页Its already 10 oclock.I guess Bob and Amy wont be coming t

37、o the party.They called at nine to say that theyd been held up.或由上下文明确告知动作或状态持续到过去这一时刻即停止。I had waited for her for two hours in such a severe winter when she eventually turned up,which of course drove me mad.There had been fifty colleges in our city up till 1993.现在学习的是第19页，共33页表示开始于过去之前的动作到过去这一时刻之前即

38、已停止。She had made everything ready before I came.Her baby had fallen asleep when she went into the room.Before John got home,Mary had gone to bed.I had just poured myself a cup of tea when the phone rang.When I came back from answering it,the cup was empty.Somebody had drunk the tea or thrown it away

39、.现在学习的是第20页，共33页在过去之前开始的动作，在过去之前的一段时间内重复发生。I had written her 100 letters when she finally promised to marry me.I had proposed to her five times,but she still refused to marry me.过去完成时的其他用法1）intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think,propose,wish等动词的过去完成时可表示过去未能实现的计划、设想、意图或希望等。现在学习的是第21页，共33页I h

40、ad planned to go shopping with you but my mother came to see me just when I was about to go.She had hoped that he would come to date her,but he didnt show up.I had intended to see you,but I was busy.They had hoped to see you off at the airport,but they got there too late.2）用在“It was the序数词（first,sec

41、ond）或最高级that”句型中。例如：Last week I attended an international conference and saw Mr.Machine.It was the third time that I had met him.现在学习的是第22页，共33页3、一般过去时与过去完成时的比较 两个或两个以上相继发生的动作，用and或but按动作发生的先后顺序连接，此时要用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。过去完成时则强调主语在过去某一时刻回顾更早的动作。具体来说，当我们在谈论过去某一事件时，想到了在这之前已发生的某事，这时用过去完成时态。例如：He opened the

42、 door and entered,but found nobody.He served in the army for ten years;then retired and married.His children are now at school.现在学习的是第23页，共33页He He had served in the airforce for ten years before he died in in the airforce for ten years before he died in the jet-crash incident.the jet-crash incident

43、.I realized that we I realized that we had methad met before.before.I I heard voices and voices and realizedrealized that there were several people in the next room.I sawsaw empty glasses and cigar butts on the table and empty glasses and cigar butts on the table and realizedrealized that someone th

44、at someone had been in the room.in the room.在表示两个相继发生的动作时，用过去完成时可以表示在一个动作完成以后，另一个动作才开始发生，从而使得两个动作相互独立，彼此脱离开来。用一般过去时，则可能表示一个动作“导致”另一个动作，或两个动作之间有一种因果关系。现在学习的是第24页，共33页When I had opened all the windows,I sat down and had a cup of tea.When I opened the window,the cat jumped out.When I had written my let

45、ters,I did some gardening.When I wrote him a letter,he came at once.When the singer had sung her song,she sat down.When the singer sang her song,she sat down.现在学习的是第25页，共33页完完 成成 时时 态态 的的 练练 习习 1 1、用适当的时态填空1)I began to teach in New Oriental School in 1997.This year is 1)I began to teach in New Orien

46、tal School in 1997.This year is 2001.So far I(teach)here for 4 years.By 2000,I(teach)for 3 2001.So far I(teach)here for 4 years.By 2000,I(teach)for 3 years.By 2002,I(teach)for 5 years.years.By 2002,I(teach)for 5 years.2)Don2)Dont spend your money like water.If you keep on like this,you t spend your

47、money like water.If you keep on like this,you(spend)all your money before the end of the trip.(spend)all your money before the end of the trip.3)3)“Was Clint at the party when you arrived?Was Clint at the party when you arrived?”“No,he(already,go)No,he(already,go)home.home.”4)4)“Was Clint at the par

48、ty when you arrived?Was Clint at the party when you arrived?”“Yes,but he(go)home Yes,but he(go)home soon afterwards.soon afterwards.”5)I felt very tired when I got home,so I(go)straight to bed.5)I felt very tired when I got home,so I(go)straight to bed.6)The house was very quiet when I got home.Ever

49、ybody(go)to bed.7)Sorry I7)Sorry Im late.The car(break)down on my way here.m late.The car(break)down on my way here.现在学习的是第26页，共33页8)We(drive)along the road when we saw a car that(break)down,so we stopped to see if we could help.9)Yesterday I had a phone call from Clint.I was very surprised.I(write)

50、to him many times but he(never,reply)to my letters.10)I met Clint a few days ago.He(just,come)back from holiday.He looked very well.11)The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous.It was his first flight.He(never,fly)before.12)This traffic is terrible.We re going to be late.By the time w