英文时态三完成时态讲稿.ppt

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1、关于英文时态三完成关于英文时态三完成时态时态第一页，讲稿共三十三页哦完成动作：1、现在完成（havehas done）2、过去完成（had done）3、将来完成（will have done）完成时态概述：形式：have done意义：完成时态表示的是在某一特定时刻（现在、过去或将来）之前开始发生的并持续到这一特定时刻或对这一特定时刻有影响的一个活动。第二页，讲稿共三十三页哦现在完成时：现在完成时：在现在之前（即过去）开始发生并持续到现在或对现在有影在现在之前（即过去）开始发生并持续到现在或对现在有影响的动作。响的动作。I I have learnedhave learned 2000 wo

2、rds so far.过去完成时：过去完成时：在过去之前（即过去的过去）开始发生的并持续到过去在过去之前（即过去的过去）开始发生的并持续到过去或对过去有影响的动作。或对过去有影响的动作。I I had learnedhad learned 1000 words by the end of last year.1000 words by the end of last year.将来完成时：将来完成时：在将来之前（可能是过去、现在或将来）开始发生的并持在将来之前（可能是过去、现在或将来）开始发生的并持续的将来或对将来有影响的动作。续的将来或对将来有影响的动作。I I will have lear

3、nedwill have learned 3000 words by the end of next year.3000 words by the end of next year.第三页，讲稿共三十三页哦一、现在完成时态（一、现在完成时态（havehas done）1 1、现在完成时态用法（一）：延续到现在的动作或状态 开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去。谓语动词一般为延续性动词。An old woman walked out into the middle of the street.The An old woman walked out into the middle

4、 of the street.The policeman yelled to her,policeman yelled to her,“DonDon t you know what it means when t you know what it means when I hold up my hand?I hold up my hand?”The lady said,The lady said,“Sure I do.I Sure I do.I have been a a school teacher for 28 years now.school teacher for 28 years n

5、ow.”I have livedhave lived here for 3 years.here for 3 years.The teacher has taughthas taught in this school since I came here.in this school since I came here.I Ive workedve worked in this company since I left school.in this company since I left school.Since time began,man Since time began,man has

6、lived in fear of fire.in fear of fire.第四页，讲稿共三十三页哦或者，由上下文明确告知，开始于过去的动作只持续到说话或者，由上下文明确告知，开始于过去的动作只持续到说话时刻为止即已结束。例如：时刻为止即已结束。例如：A A：HaveHave you you waitedwaited long?long?B B：I I ve waitedve waited for three hours.I I ve waitedve waited for him all day;I don for him all day;I don t want to wait any l

7、onger.这种现在完成时的特点：1 1）谓语动词一般为延续性动词。2 2）动作发生的时间是过去，但这一动作持续到现在，而且）动作发生的时间是过去，但这一动作持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去。还可能继续持续下去。3）与这种用法的现在完成时态连用的时间状语通常是表示“一段时间一段时间”的时间状语，以说明某个动作或状态持续的时间状语，以说明某个动作或状态持续了多久。了多久。第五页，讲稿共三十三页哦与此种用法的现在完成时态搭配的时间状语：since时间点Ive worked in this company since 1980.Ive worked in this company since I

8、left school.注意不能说：since three years，而要说since three years ago。for时间段Ive worked in this company for three years.Great changes have taken place in Beijing for the past few years.第六页，讲稿共三十三页哦“到目前为止到目前为止”：until now,up until now,up to now,up till now,so far等。例如：等。例如：We have up until now failed to take any

9、 action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nations.“在最近几世纪年月以来在最近几世纪年月以来”：in the past few years,in the past few years,over the past few years,during the last three months,for the last few over the past few years,during the last three months,for the last few centu

10、ries,through centuries,throughout historycenturies,through centuries,throughout history等。例如：等。例如：Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die,for the very nature of life includes death.Through centuries the bizarre antics of sleepwalkers have puzzled police,perpl

11、exed scientists and fascinated writers.第七页，讲稿共三十三页哦2 2、现在完成时态用法（二）：过去发生但与现在仍有联、现在完成时态用法（二）：过去发生但与现在仍有联系的动作或状态系的动作或状态 表示在不确定的过去发生的某一动作对现在仍有影响。表示在不确定的过去发生的某一动作对现在仍有影响。谓语动词一般为短暂性动词。谓语动词一般为短暂性动词。He He has brokenhas broken his leg.He brokebroke his leg.his leg.A modern girl went to the theatre with a ves

12、t and a pair of A modern girl went to the theatre with a vest and a pair of slippers.The ticket-examiner turned her away very politely:slippers.The ticket-examiner turned her away very politely:“Miss,NO ADMISSION WITH SLIPPERS.Miss,NO ADMISSION WITH SLIPPERS.”“Real1y?Real1y?”the the girl took off th

13、e slippers and carried them in her hands,girl took off the slippers and carried them in her hands,“Then I will go in barefootedly.”“Oh,my god!”the ticket-the ticket-examiner cried out,examiner cried out,“Fortunately,I Fortunately,I have not toldhave not told her NO her NO ADMISSION WITH A VEST.ADMIS

14、SION WITH A VEST.”A：What What has happenedhas happened to Jane?She is crying.B：She broke the dining-room window.She has to face the She broke the dining-room window.She has to face the music when her father gets home.music when her father gets home.第八页，讲稿共三十三页哦Mr.Odds works in a bank and lives on hi

15、s own.The only family he has is in the Mr.Odds works in a bank and lives on his own.The only family he has is in the next town:his sister lives there with her husband,and her son,Mark.Last week next town:his sister lives there with her husband,and her son,Mark.Last week Mr.Odds had a surprise.He dro

16、ve home from the bank at the usual time,driving Mr.Odds had a surprise.He drove home from the bank at the usual time,driving neither too slowly nor too fast;he parked his car where he always parked it,out of neither too slowly nor too fast;he parked his car where he always parked it,out of the way o

17、f other cars,and he went inside to make his evening meal.Straight away,the way of other cars,and he went inside to make his evening meal.Straight away,there was a knock at the door.Mr.Odds opened the door,to find a policeman there was a knock at the door.Mr.Odds opened the door,to find a policeman s

18、tanding on the doorstep.standing on the doorstep.“What What havehave I I donedone wrong?wrong?”Mr.Odds asked himself.Mr.Odds asked himself.“HaveHave I I drivendriven on the on the wrong side of the road?wrong side of the road?HasHas there there beenbeen some trouble at the bank?some trouble at the b

19、ank?HaveHave I I forgottenforgotten to pay an important bill?to pay an important bill?”“Hello,Uncle,Hello,Uncle,”said the policeman,said the policeman,“My nameMy name s Mark.s Mark.”You should have put the milk into icebox;I expect it You should have put the milk into icebox;I expect it undrinkable

20、by now.undrinkable by now.A Abecame Bbecame Bhad become Chad become Chas become Dhas become Dbecomesbecomes 第九页，讲稿共三十三页哦第二种现在完成时态使用技巧1、这种完成时态的肯定句不与“一段时间”的时间状语连用常见的这类动词有：come,go,leave,kill,die,lose,buy,start,give,marry,join,bring,etc.），因此与它连用的时间状语不能是指“一段时间”。I have heard from my girlfriend since I cam

21、e to America.（）I have bought this pair of shoes for a year（）He has left his hometown for 3 years.（）第十页，讲稿共三十三页哦具有具有“新闻新闻”性质性质The President The President has been assassinatedhas been assassinated.He can t go on holiday because he has brokenhas broken his leg.his leg.请认真体会下面对话：请认真体会下面对话：A A：Have you

22、you seen the film the film“Forrest GumpForrest Gump”?B B：Yes,I havehave.A：When When did you see it?you see it?B B：I I sawsaw it last spring.it last spring.A A：DidDid you see it alone?you see it alone?B B：No,I No,I sawsaw it with my boyfriend.it with my boyfriend.第十一页，讲稿共三十三页哦A：The President has been

23、 assassinated.B：Really?When did that happen?A：He was killed last night when he spoke in crowd.A：I hear that famous Chinese comedian has died.B：Really?When did she die?A：She was dead late last night.A：Has the boss come yet?B：Yes,he has.He is in his office now.A：When did he come?B：He came at 9 oclock.

24、He asked about you.第十二页，讲稿共三十三页哦3 3、现在完成时态用法（三）：到目前的一个时间段内重复发生、现在完成时态用法（三）：到目前的一个时间段内重复发生的动作的动作For more than eighty years,scientists For more than eighty years,scientists have argued over over whether life exists on the planet Mars.whether life exists on the planet Mars.Mary told her friend about he

25、r husbandMary told her friend about her husband s poor memory.s poor memory.“My husband is losing his memory.But I can t complain.I t complain.I have hadhave had three birthdays this year.three birthdays this year.”We have taken three tests so far this week.three tests so far this week.I I have made

26、 many new friends since I came to Beijing.many new friends since I came to Beijing.I I have writtenhave written my girlfriends one hundred love letters since we my girlfriends one hundred love letters since we met.met.第十三页，讲稿共三十三页哦4、其他使用现在完成时的结构ThisThatThatIt is+It is+序数词+名词名词+that+现在完成时It is the It

27、 is the thirdthird time that I time that I ve comeve come to Beijing.to Beijing.It is the It is the fifthfifth time that someone time that someone has knockedhas knocked at my door.This is the This is the tenthtenth cup of coffee that Ive drunkve drunk this evening.How are you going to be able to fa

28、ll asleep later if you keep on like this?ThisThisThatThatIt is+It is+最高级或最高级或only修饰名词修饰名词+现在完成时现在完成时This is the most interestingmost interesting movie that I movie that Ive ever seenve ever seen.This is the This is the bestbest wine I have ever drunk.wine I have ever drunk.It is the It is the worst

29、book I have ever read.book I have ever read.This is the This is the hardest job I have ever had.job I have ever had.This is the This is the only only book he has written.book he has written.第十四页，讲稿共三十三页哦5 5、现在完成时与一般过去时比较、现在完成时与一般过去时比较 现在完成时的第二种用法。此时完成时表示的也是过现在完成时的第二种用法。此时完成时表示的也是过去的动作或情况，只是当我们强调过去的事

30、情对现在仍去的动作或情况，只是当我们强调过去的事情对现在仍有意义或仍有重要影响时才用现在完成时。有意义或仍有重要影响时才用现在完成时。He canHe can t go on holiday because he t go on holiday because he has brokenhas broken his leg.his leg.HeHe broke broke his leg.his leg.One of your friends is driving a sports car but he seems to be One of your friends is driving a

31、sports car but he seems to be very nervous and not sure what to do.very nervous and not sure what to do.You may ask:You may ask:Have Have you you drivendriven a sports car before?a sports car before?He may reply:No,this is the first time that I He may reply:No,this is the first time that I ve driven

32、 a a sports car.sports car.Did you drive to the party?第十五页，讲稿共三十三页哦比较：I havenhaven t seent seen him this morning.him this morning.I I didndidnt seet see him this morning.him this morning.I I have calledhave called him three times this morning.him three times this morning.I I calledcalled him three t

33、imes this morning.him three times this morning.在用于延续性动词时两种时态的区别，请比较：在用于延续性动词时两种时态的区别，请比较：He lives in Beijing.He has livedhas lived here for 3 years.here for 3 years.He He livedlived in Beijing for 3 years and then emigrated to in Beijing for 3 years and then emigrated to America.America.He He has be

34、enhas been in the army for 6 years.He waswas in the army for 6 years.I have smokedhave smoked for 2 years.I smoked for 2 years.for 2 years.第十六页，讲稿共三十三页哦二、过去完成时态（二、过去完成时态（had done）1、过去完成时的意义：现在完成时表示一个开始于现在之前（即过去）并在现在仍持续或刚刚结束的动作。同理类推，过去完成时也可以用来表示在过去某一时刻之前（即过去的过去）就已开始的动作，这一动作：1）在该过去时刻仍然在继续，或在该过去时刻刚刚停止；

35、2）在该过去时刻之前的某一时刻停止的动作；3）在该过去时刻之前的一段时间内重复的动作。第十七页，讲稿共三十三页哦2、过去完成时的用法开始于过去之前（即过去的过去）的动作或状态在过去这一时刻仍在持续。I had stayed in America for two years when he moved here.I had learned 1000 words by the end of last year.He had collected ten books of stamps by the end of last month.We had studied English for six ye

36、ars when we entered college.It had snowed for a long time when I woke up.第十八页，讲稿共三十三页哦Its already 10 oclock.I guess Bob and Amy wont be coming to the party.They called at nine to say that theyd been held up.或由上下文明确告知动作或状态持续到过去这一时刻即停止。I had waited for her for two hours in such a severe winter when sh

37、e eventually turned up,which of course drove me mad.There had been fifty colleges in our city up till 1993.第十九页，讲稿共三十三页哦表示开始于过去之前的动作到过去这一时刻之前即已停止。She had made everything ready before I came.Her baby had fallen asleep when she went into the room.Before John got home,Mary had gone to bed.I had just po

38、ured myself a cup of tea when the phone rang.When I came back from answering it,the cup was empty.Somebody had drunk the tea or thrown it away.第二十页，讲稿共三十三页哦在过去之前开始的动作，在过去之前的一段时间内重复发生。I had written her 100 letters when she finally promised to marry me.I had proposed to her five times,but she still re

39、fused to marry me.过去完成时的其他用法1）intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think,propose,wish等动词的过去完成时可表示过去未能实现的计划、设想、意图或希望等。第二十一页，讲稿共三十三页哦I had planned to go shopping with you but my mother came to see me just when I was about to go.She had hoped that he would come to date her,but he didnt show up.I h

40、ad intended to see you,but I was busy.They had hoped to see you off at the airport,but they got there too late.2）用在“It was the序数词（first,second）或最高级that”句型中。例如：Last week I attended an international conference and saw Mr.Machine.It was the third time that I had met him.第二十二页，讲稿共三十三页哦3、一般过去时与过去完成时的比较 两

41、个或两个以上相继发生的动作，用and或but按动作发生的先后顺序连接，此时要用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。过去完成时则强调主语在过去某一时刻回顾更早的动作。具体来说，当我们在谈论过去某一事件时，想到了在这之前已发生的某事，这时用过去完成时态。例如：He opened the door and entered,but found nobody.He served in the army for ten years;then retired and married.His children are now at school.第二十三页，讲稿共三十三页哦He He had servedhad s

42、erved in the airforce for ten years before he died in the airforce for ten years before he died in the jet-crash incident.in the jet-crash incident.I realized that we I realized that we had methad met before.before.I I heardheard voices and realized that there were several people that there were sev

43、eral people in the next room.in the next room.I I sawsaw empty glasses and cigar butts on the table and realized that someone that someone had beenhad been in the room.in the room.在表示两个相继发生的动作时，用过去完成时可以表示在一个动作完成以后，另一个动作才开始发生，从而使得两个动作相互独立，彼此脱离开来。用一般过去时，则可能表示一个动作“导致”另一个动作，或两个动作之间有一种因果关系。第二十四页，讲稿共三十三页哦

44、When I had opened all the windows,I sat down and had a cup of tea.When I opened the window,the cat jumped out.When I had written my letters,I did some gardening.When I wrote him a letter,he came at once.When the singer had sung her song,she sat down.When the singer sang her song,she sat down.第二十五页，讲

45、稿共三十三页哦完完 成成 时时 态态 的的 练练 习习 1 1、用适当的时态填空、用适当的时态填空1)I began to teach in New Oriental School in 1997.This year is 2001.1)I began to teach in New Oriental School in 1997.This year is 2001.So far I(teach)here for 4 years.By 2000,I(teach)for 3 years.By So far I(teach)here for 4 years.By 2000,I(teach)for

46、3 years.By 2002,I(teach)for 5 years.2002,I(teach)for 5 years.2)Don2)Don t spend your money like water.If you keep on like this,you t spend your money like water.If you keep on like this,you(spend)all your money before the end of the trip.(spend)all your money before the end of the trip.3)3)“Was Clin

47、t at the party when you arrived?Was Clint at the party when you arrived?”“No,he(already,go)No,he(already,go)home.home.”4)4)“Was Clint at the party when you arrived?Was Clint at the party when you arrived?”“Yes,but he(go)home Yes,but he(go)home soon afterwards.soon afterwards.”5)I felt very tired whe

48、n I got home,so I(go)straight to bed.6)The house was very quiet when I got home.Everybody(go)to 6)The house was very quiet when I got home.Everybody(go)to bed.bed.7)Sorry I m late.The car(break)down on my way here.第二十六页，讲稿共三十三页哦8)We(drive)along the road when we saw a car that(break)down,so 8)We(driv

49、e)along the road when we saw a car that(break)down,so we stopped to see if we could help.we stopped to see if we could help.9)Yesterday I had a phone call from Clint.I was very surprised.I 9)Yesterday I had a phone call from Clint.I was very surprised.I(write)to him many times but he(never,reply)to

50、my letters.(write)to him many times but he(never,reply)to my letters.10)I met Clint a few days ago.He(just,come)back from holiday.He 10)I met Clint a few days ago.He(just,come)back from holiday.He looked very well.looked very well.11)The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous.It was 11