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1、Science and scientistsTu YouyouYuan LongpingJohn Snowmalariashortage of foodcholera John Snow Defeats“King Cholera”What will be talked about in the text？Read the text and find the answers.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it c
2、ould be overcome.This illness causes severe diarrhoea,dehydration,and even death.In the early 19th century,when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe,millions of people died from the disease.As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.In time,he rose
3、 to become a famous doctor,and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.However,he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.John Snow,a famous British doctor,desired to destroy cholera.defeatssevere,“king”How?serious consequencesa great numberunknown In general,doctors in
4、 those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.Snow subscribed to the second theory.It was correct,but he still needed proof.Consequently,when an o
5、utbreak of cholera hit London in 1854,Snow began to investigate.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.find a problemask a questionseven steps:analyze the results,ask a question,draw
6、 a conclusion,collect data,find a problem,find supporting evidence,think of a methodRead Para3 and finish the following steps.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,
7、37,38,and 40).However,some households(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer,and so had not drunk the water from the pump.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.What is
8、more,in another part of London,a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.As a result of this evidence,John Snow was able to announce that the pump wa
9、ter carried cholera germs.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.Through this intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks.think of a methodcollect dataanalyse the resultsfind supporting evidencedraw a conclusion The truth was that the water from the Bro
10、ad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get
11、 cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.Why did the water carry the germs?After finding out the truth,what should we do to protect ourselves from cholera?1.find a problem2.ask a question3.think of a method4.collect data5.analyse the results6.find supporting evidence7.draw a conclusion Joh
12、n Snow defeated cholera in a s way.seven stages of scientific researchcientificWhat qualities do you think matter most when a scientist practices scientific research?You can take John Snow for example to illustrate your opinion.carefulness and accuracy perseverancestrong desire to explorequestioning
13、 mind.The key to powerful thinking is powerful questioning.When we ask the right questions,we succeed as a thinker,for questions are the force that powers our thinking.What information can show John Snows questioning mind?Through Snows tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water and t
14、he threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However,cholera is still a problem.Each year,millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately,we now know how to prevent cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow.Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics
15、,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason,Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.How did his research and findings help others?I want to make a short video to introduce John Snow.I even have worked out the title:John SnowJohn Snow s road to the father of moder
16、n epidemiologys road to the father of modern epidemiology.Please give me some advice on what I should talk about in the commentary(解说词解说词).What should I talk about in the video?1.background:Who,what,where,when,why,how.2.the process of the scientific research(which step shoud be highlighted?which ste
17、p shoud be highlighted?Why?Why?)3.the influence4.his outstanding qualities5.inspiration6.Please use the information from the text to finish a piece of commentary for the video.1.Read the passage at least three times as fluently as possible and underline the sentences you find challenging to understand.2.Finish the piece of commentary.3.Finish Exe.3&4 on P3.
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