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1、人教新课标高考复习 BOOK1 Unit 2English around the world考点基础落实拓展与背诵.词汇与派生 联想记忆法1.voyage n.航行；航海journey n.(尤指长途)旅行；行程2.native adj.本国的；本地的；n.本国人；本地人be native to产于某地的，土生土长的，当地的3.base vt.以为根据；n.基部；基础；基地base.on/upon.以为基础/根据；建立在基础上4.latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的the latter后者构词记忆法1.official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的office n.办公室；
2、办公楼；办事处；政府部门；重要职位2.actually adv.事实上；实际上actual adj.真实的；实际的3.gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地4.spelling n.拼写；拼法spell vt.拼写5.identity n.本身；本体；身份identify vt.确认；认出；鉴定6.fluent adj.流利的；流畅的fluently adv.流利地；流畅地7.frequent adj.频繁的；常见的frequently adv.常常地；频繁地8.usage n.使用；用法；词语惯用法use vt.使用useful adj.有用的，有益
3、的9.straight adv.直接；挺直；adj.直的；正直的；笔直的straighten vt.(使)变直，变正10.block n.街区；块；木块；石块block vt.堵塞，阻塞；妨碍；堵住.短语与拓展1. come up走近；上来；提出come out出现；出版，发表；被获知，为人所知(vi.) 2.without a second thought不假思索on second thought(s)重新考虑后III.重点单词1base vt.以为基础；n.基部；基地；基础 basement n地下室base sth.on/upon.把建立在；以为根据be based on/upon以为根
4、据(基础)at the base of.在的底部on the basis of在的基础上basis n.原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础basic adj.基础的；基本的2.separate v.把分开；分隔；adj.分开的；单独的；独立的separate A from B 把A和B分开be separated from和分离divide.into.把分成He divided the apple in half.他把苹果分成两半。特别提醒separate没有破坏宾语的整体性，只是将宾语分开；divide则破坏了宾语的完整性。As we joined the big crowd I got s
5、eparated (separate) from my friends.3command v. & n命令；指令；掌握；指挥.command sb.to do.命令某人做command that.(should) do.命令at ones command听某人支配have a good command of 掌握，精通take command of指挥，控制 (虚拟语气)一坚持 insist二命令order，command 三建议 suggest, advise, propose 四要求request, require, desire, demand。under ones command。由指
6、挥He has a good command of English. Captain_Picard_commanded_that_the_crew_ _the_main_deck. （_report）4、include vt. 包括；包含，使成为整体的一部分 including prep. 包括，包含 included adj. 包括，包含contain/ include/ hold/ cover Contain 整体包括部分 A contains B A与B 是不同类事物 或者一个容器中容纳的东西 Include A includes B A与B是同类事物，常用两种表达方式：includin
7、g sth/ sb= sbsth included. hold .Cover 钱够.之用；足以支付We all went, _ Mary.= We all went, Mary _. How come a simple meal like this costs so much? We have _in your bill the cost of the cup you broke just now. A. added B. included C. contained D. charged 5request v. & n请求；要求request that.(should) do(虚拟语气)要求r
8、equest sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事request sth. from/of sb.向某人要求/请求某物 on/by request 应的要求make a request 请求in request 受欢迎，急需at ones requestat the request of sb.应某人的要求易混辨析demand / require/ request/ appeal/ ask demand 上级对下级的一种不折不扣地要求require 客观需要的要求；法律、协定、规章以及其他客观情况的要求”。request表示“有礼貌的请求；正式的请求”。appeal 恳请 ask一般用语，
9、没有语气之分Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.参观者请勿触摸展品。One of the requirements for a fire is that the material to its burning temperature A. be heated B. is heated C. would be heated D. do heat 6. expect v.预料；预计；期望；盼expect sb.to do.预料(期望)某人做as expected正如所料；不出所料expectation n.预料；希望，盼望in expe
10、ctation of预料beyond expectations 出乎意料live up to sbs expectations达到理想；符合希望7、such (1)such的位置such与 all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one 等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。There is no such thing as a free lunch. 世上没有免费午餐之类的好事儿。在“no such 单数可数名词”这一结构中，千万别受汉语的影响而多加不定冠词或one，改错There is no such a student in o
11、ur class. There is no such one student in our class. 注意many 与such的问题：不存在“such many可数名词复数”或“such much不可数名词”结构，但存在“so many 可数名词复数”或“so much不可数名词” 以及“many such 可数名词复数”，例如：so many students ，so much water ，many such students (2)“such 名词 that”与“such 名词as或其他”。填空：It was such an attractive school we visited
12、years ago. It was such an attractive school we visited it years ago. (3) 倒装问题 Such is Such is Shen Hao, a diligent, warmhearted and selfless man. “such 名词 助动词谓语 that”的结果状语从句 Such loud noises did they make that they were heard out in the street. 易混辨析such as/for example/that is such as 意为“例如，诸如之类的”，用来
13、列举同类人或事物中的几个。放在被列举的事物前面或名词之间，as之后切不可有逗号。for example 同for instance举例说明，列举同类人或事物中的“一个”。 在句中的位置较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句尾， 也可以使用for instance或e.g.替代。 that is如果要把同类人或事物全部列举出来，用that is，namely或i.e也用that is to say。.,。and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出。A lot of countries have gained excellent
14、achievements in space technology, China, A. such as B. for example C. namely D. and so on 8、recognize vt.公认为，认出，听出，承认recognizable adj. 可辨认出的 recognition n. 认出；辨认；认可recognize sb. / sth. by/ from根据认出某人recognize sb. as / to be 认为是beyond / out of ones all recognition 完全认不出；面目全非Its recognized that人们公认为易混
15、辨析recognize/know recognize 强调通过对记忆的搜索而认出；辨认出(某人的声音、字迹、方位等)；承认。是一时的动作，因此是非延续动词 know 强调持续的状态，是延续性动词，表示“认识；知道；了解”。I had known her well, but I couldnt recognized her at once because she had changed that much. 9.present adj.a. 出席的；到场的 be present at 现在的；如今的n.礼物,现在v.呈现；赠送(present sb. with sth. / present st
16、h. to sb.)presence n. 在场；出席 at present at the present time目前for the present 暂时 gift / present gift 一般指贵重礼物或捐赠之物，也可指“天赋”，可以是具体的也可指抽象的。构成短语：have a gift for sth.表示“有哪方面的天赋”。present 往往指具体的，亲戚朋友间所送之物。10.direction in all directions 朝四面八方 under the direction of sb = under ones direction 在某人的指导下 in the dire
17、ction of 朝着方向 from the direction of 从方向 follow/ obey /listen to ones direction 听从某人的指导。The operation was performed under his direction。 Follow the directions for the use of medicine11.especially 尤其, 表达事物不寻常或特别重要 specially 专门(指专为某一目的)Our garden is beautiful, especially in autumn. I came here speciall
18、y to see you. 12除.外. ”表达辨析 except for, except, except that, but, besides 和 apart from 的中文意思均为除.外，但其具体用法不尽相同。 besides “除以外，还有 ”作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。It was too late to see a film, and besides, I was tired.except除去，除之外（不再有）。We all went except John. except for除了（对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明）后接名词、代词或what从句，此时与except that
19、 + 句子意思相同。He was very clever except for carelessness.He is a good man except for hot temper.=He is a good man except that he has hot temper.except that 除了一点以外He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.but与except but和except在表示“除了以外”时可以通用，但应注意以下三点：*前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用but。All but one
20、are here. *后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but。He has nothing to do but wait.（but前有do, does, did 时, but后省to, 反之，则一般带to）*but与一些固定结构连用。have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事，can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不，but for 如不是.apart from:其含义主要依据上下文而定，有时可与except换用，有时可代替besides. Apart from the cost, the hat doesn
21、t suit me. There are ten people in the queue apart from me. II.重点短语与句型1.because of由于；因due to由于(作表语、定语、状语)owing to由于 (作表语或状语)as a result of因为；由于(作状语)thanks to 多亏；由于(作状语)on account of因为(作状语)。特别提醒due to一般不放在句首，如果放在句首，要用because of或owing to代替。2come up发芽；发生；走近;提出;临近come up with找到(答案)；拿出(一笔钱等)come off it！别
22、吹牛了！别胡闹了！别装蒜了！come out出版；结果是；出来come across(偶然)遇到Come on！(用于鼓励)加油！；(打架时激对方的话)来啊！过来！别装腔！得了吧！come about 发生come at向扑来,攻击come round 绕道而来；苏醒come down落下,塌下come over（从远处）来到；横过come into use 开始使用how come .?(表示理解)怎么回事？when it comes to sth.当涉及某事时How come her French is so bad if she spent 5 years in pairs?3make
23、use of利用make the best/most of充分利用make full/good use of充分/好好利用make no/little use of没有利用Its no use ./There is no use doing sth Its no use advising him.There is no use advising him.劝告他只是白费力气。4.play a part (in)(在中)扮演角色；起作用；参与play a role in在中扮演角色；起作用take part in参加I made several friends with our classmate
24、s and often took part in the activities，in which I improved my communicating skills.句型1.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. 1) even if/though即使，尽管，引导让步状语从句，在从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。(2) as if/though好像，似乎，引导方式状语从句或表语从句，若从句描述的情形和实际相反，从句要用虚拟语气。与现在事
25、实相反，从句动词用过去时；与过去事实相反，从句动词常用过去完成时。(3)even so即使如此；尽管这样He wont come to our party even if invited.单项填空(1) Im determined to get a seat for the concert _it means standing in a queue all night. A. as though B. even if C. in case D. so that (2)Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _ they knew it to
26、be valuable. A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that 2.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多地以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。more.than.(1)more.than.意为“与其倒不如”，more和than后接形容词、副词的原级，名词或介短语等两个并列成分。(2)no more than仅仅；不过,no more.than和前者和后者都不(两者的否定)not more than不超过more than多于，超过；不仅
27、仅；非常，很more and moreadj./adv.越来越(3)other than除了rather than.而不是In that case, there is nothing you can do _ wait. A. more than B. other than C. better than D. rather than3.I did it in the way that/in which you taught me. the way (1)Can you tell me the way _ I can improve my English?A. that B. which C.
28、what D. how (2)Can you tell me the way _ helps me improve my English?A. what B. that C. in which D. how4.So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA.。 (1)the same (.) as.意为“和一样，和相似”，定语从句中as所指代的人或物与先行词是同一类。(2)the same (.) t
29、hat意为“和一样”，定语从句中that所指代的人或物与先行词是同一个。(1) I bought the_same car as you did. (2)Our English teacher wore the same clothes that he did yesterday. 5.He makes it a rule never to borrow money.6.This is because in the early days of radio，those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.b
30、ecause, why以及that都可以用来引导表示原因的表语从句，但表示“那就是的原因”，就用thats why；表示“那是因为”，用thats because； 当主语是the reason就用that。7. Which country do you think has the most English learners? do you think/believe/expect/find/know/suppose 作为插入语What time do you expect we will come and pick you up？ is the best football player in
31、 your city?Jerry. A. Do you think whoB. Do you think whomC. Who do you thinkD. Whom do you think8. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.)believe it or not在句中用作插入语。常用作插入语的还有：generally speaking一般来说frankly speaking坦白地说judging from .从来判断to tell you the truth说真的；老实说to be honest说实
32、在的to make matters worse更糟糕的是 , boys are stronger than girls. A. To speak generally B. Generally to speak C. Generally speaking D. Generally spoken the hat he , the man is a soldier. A. Judging from; is wearing C. To judge by; puttingB. Judging by; is having on D. Judged by; is putting (2）no such.as没
33、有这样的易混辨析such . that . /such . as . He is reading such a book as you borrowed from the library last week. He is reading such an interesting book that I want to borrow it. I suggest that we should take part in more such activities in future we did yesterday. A. which B. as C. that D. than8. there is m
34、ore than one kind of English in the world. (more than one+单数可数名词，作主语时，谓语用单数) 9. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker. It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 扩充：It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth eg: Its kind of you to help me carry the box. 题目 假定你是李华, 你的英国
35、朋友Peter来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文. 请你根据下列要点写回信. 要点: 1. 参加中文学习班;2. 看中文书刊、电视；3. 学唱中文歌曲；4. 交中国朋友。注意：1.词数100左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头语已为你写好。June 8, 2008Dear Peter, Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.Here are a few suggestions. First, it is important to take a Chinese c
36、ourse, as youll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible. Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so youll learn and remember Chinese words more easily. You can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese. Try and write me in Chinese next time. Best wishes6学科网（北京）股份有限公司
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