Igoyux大学英语六级改错讲义(张子宏).pdf

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1、生命是永恒不断的创造，因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力，它不断流溢，越出时间和空间的界限，它不停地追求，以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。-泰戈尔大学英语六级改错讲义(张子宏)第一节介词考点 1 中心词+介词 of例 1:More and more people live in tow ns and cities in stead on farm and in villages.(90/1,No.71)例 2:The family s recreation and social life chiefly consisted a drive in the wagon to the nearby s

2、mall townor village to tran sact some bus in ess as well as to chat with n eighbors who had also come to tow n.(90/6,No.78)考点 2：中心词+介词 to例 1:People are earning higher wages and salaries.This leads changes in the way of life.(90/1,No.76)例 2:Similarly,we feel comfortable with people with physical qual

3、ities similar as ours.(95/1,No.71)考点 3:中心词+介词 on例 1:.,but such reas ons are totally depe ndent in the bala nee of risks and ben efits for the patie nts.(93/6,No.75)考点 4：中心词+介词 with例 1:In every home a stereo or television will fill the rooms sound.(95/6,No.72)考点 5:中心词+介词 for例 1:Big cities of the worl

4、d are well-known by their noisiness.(95/6,No.76)j 固定搭酉己:on the contrary,on one hand on the other hand,on purpose,on bus in ess,on the whole,on the spotk 表位置，指与某物面碰面的接触：on the wall,on the earth考点 6:介词 on I 表时间，置于某日前：on May 4th,on Sun day,on the morni ng ofm 表时间，指在.之后，立即.”get onto the bus,slip onto th

5、e floor例 1:.,on the contrast,the intimate atmosphere of the small college allows the students four years ofstructural livi ng in which to expect and prepare for the real world.(96/6,No.79)例 2:Men have explored parts of the moon,put spaceships in orbit around ano ther and possibly with in the:on our

6、arrival意为到.上，在.上”。non 和 to 合成的介词 on to:表示运动的方向和场所，decade will la nd into ano ther pla net and explore it.(00/1,No.73)考点 7:其它常用介词的基本含义j 介词 in:表示“在(某空间)里面”，构成“in+空间、范围”k 介词 for:表示“为某一目的而准备”；或者，for 用于表示持续的时间；表原因I 介词 from:表示“特定地点或时间的起点”；或者，指特定的“来源或起因”m 介词 by:表示“按照，根据，由，依据，”；或者，为“借助于，通过”例 1:On some field

7、s,this had clearly not happened.(96/1,No.78)例 2:.about an American who had been invited to an Arab meal at one of the countries of the MiddleEast.(00/6,No.75)例 3:If he was absent because of sickness,there was often no job from him when he returned.(94/1,No.77)例 4:We asked a lady,who replied that she

8、 thought you could tell a well-mannered person on the way theyoccupied the space around them.(00/6,No.71)例 5:,and winning affect ion and respect i n this way without aware of their methods.(95/1,No.80)例 6:Then,about ten years ago,when this immensely long formative period of hunting for food,they bec

9、amefarmers.(02/1,S8)第二节动词考点 8:使役动词感官动词+sb.do sth.+sb.do/do ing sth.例 1:They believe that it was good bus in ess to hire men,wome n and childre n as cheaply as possible,makethem to work as hard as they could and,(94/1,No.80)例 2:You can pass any factory or construction area and the roar of its machine

10、ry will make your ears ringing.(95/6,No.75)考点 9:主语+及物动词+宾语主语+不及物动词例 1:The farmer aroused at dawn or before and had much work to do,with his own muscles as his chiefsource of power.(90/6,No.75)例 2:is a highly pers onal matter,not a decisi on we should rema in to doctors alone.(93/6,No.80)例 3:You may

11、have noticed about how people who live or work closely together come to behave in a similarway.(95/1,No.72)例 4:But perhaps we should look at both sides of the coin before arriving hasty conclusion.(00/1,No.80)例 5:His Arab host,who had been watching,said of nothing,but immediately copied the action o

12、f his guest.(00/6,No.80)考点 10:分词作定语的用法：j-ing 分词+中心词k-ed 分词+中心词例 1:So a sportsma ns in dividual way of walk ing with raised shoulders is imitated by an admired fan.(95/1,No.74)例 2:Even the quiet of our carefully protected wilderness areas can be invaded at any moment by a passed jet.(95/6,No.79)考点 11

13、：动词的-ing 与-ed 形式在谓语中的用法区别j 主语+be+-ingk 主语+be+-ed例 1:Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are preparing to put up with in the name of better healthis(93/6,No.78)例 2:one is surely justified in his concern for the money and resources they are poured into the space explorationefforts.(00/1,No.79)考点

14、12:其它需注意的动词用法j 常见动词词组为固定短语，不可随意变更，如k thus,thereby 等副词后常跟动词-ing 形式。Iconsidering，regarding,concerning 可作介词，其后接名词或动名词作介词宾语m 连词 and 连接的并列动词为平行结构，或同为不定式，或同为分词形式。例 1:This tendency of tech no logy to make workers superfluous but at the same time allow ing their nu mber togrow up so large is creat ing psych

15、ological tensions.(98/1,No.78)例 2:But we must keep in head the billions of dollars we might spend in carrying out the project.(00/1,No.76)例 3:The small college,however,gen erally provides a limited nu mber of courses and specializati ons but offers abetter stude nt-faculty ratio,thus permit in divid

16、ualized atte nti on to stude nts.(96/6,No.74)例 4:Consider the great need for improving many aspects of the global environment,one is surely justified in hisconcern for the money (00/1,No.79)例 5:the intimate atmosphere of the small college allows the student four years of structural living in which t

17、oexpect and prepari ng for the real world.(96/6,No.80)第三节数词、名词和代词考点 13:j 置于表时间的名词前：fifteen minutes,fifty hoursk 置于表距离的名词前：forty miles,four kilometresl 置于表价格的名词前：thirty dollars基数词m 置于表重量的名词前：three kilogramsn 置于表温度的名词前：89oFo 表示考试得分：get eighty-eight on the testp 表示尺码，置于表尺码的名词后：q 表示物件数目或数量，置于名词前：wear si

18、ze thirty-eighttwo caps,four novelskeep in mind，grow up，call off 等。j 表示某月中的第几号：on July the 4th,on the 10th of Septemberk 表示在几世纪：in the 4th century B.C.,in the eighteenth century序数词l 表示运动会或其它大型活动的第几届：n 表示顺序或位置，置于名词前：the 25th Olympic Gamesm 表示考试的排名：come in 11th in the testin the 15th row,the 2nd Ionge

19、st river例 1:In the nineteen century,farm work and life were not much changed from what they had been in the old days.(90/6,No.73)例2：During the early stages of the in dustrial revolutio n,perhaps one in every seve nth deaths in Europescrowded cities was caused by the disease.(00/1,No.75)考点 14：名词(noun

20、)j 可数名词(countable noun)单数形式前用 a/an；复数形式后加-s 或-es。如：a job,two cakes,three potatoes。k 不可数名词(uncountable noun)前不可用 a/an,但可用 the 或不用；没有复数形式。下列名词常用作 不可数名词：accommodation(食宿),accuracy,advice,baggage,behaviour,bread,cash,clothing,equipment,fun,furniture,harm,information,knowledge,leisure,luck,lightning,livi

21、ng,luggage,machinery,money,news,paper,permission,produce(农产品),progress,seenery,traffic,travel,trouble,thunder,weather,work,uncertainty 等。例 1:The government also affects the kind of works people do.(90/1,No.79)例 2:It seems that the progresses of man includes a rising volume of noise.(95/6,No.71)例 3:C

22、an we be so bold as to suggest that we may be able to colonize other pla net with in the no t-too-dista ntfuture?(00/1,No.75)例 4:They spent over a million year evolving as co-operative hunters.(02/1,S5)例5:The risks and un certa in ties of farming were no Ion ger esse ntial for survival.(02/1,S10)考点

23、15:代词照应j 人称照应：是指人称代词、物主代词、反身代词与其指代对象之间的照应。k 指示照应：是由指示代词和指示限定词实现的照应关系。例 1:The widespread use of such electrical appliances means that there is a need for servicemen to keep itrunning properly.(90/1,No.75)例 2:And if he does no tice the match ing of his gestures or moveme nts,he finds it pleas ing he i

24、s in flue ncingpeople:they are draw n to them.(95/1,No.78)例3:A man surr oun ded by flames and smoke gen erally con siders that jump ing out of a sec on d-floor window isan acceptable risk to save its life.(93/6,No.72)例 4:The work in gma n had little schooli ng bey ond his craft,and there was little

25、hope that their childre n wouldhave anything better.(94/1,No.73)例5:You can pass any factory or construction area and the roar of their machinery will make your ears ring.(95/6,No.74)例6:Abreak in their employment,or a decision to work part-time,will slow its raises and promotions as it would formen.(

26、96/1,No.75)例 7:But if 98 perce nt of us don t need to work,what are we goi ng to do with on eself?(98/1,No.80)例8:Uncon sciously we copy these we are close to or love or admire.(95/1,No.73)考点 16:复合不定代词的用法用于陈述句用于疑问句、否定句例 1:The farm family grew and made almost nothing it needed.(90/6,No.71)例 2:The work

27、 in gma n had little schooli ng bey ond his craft,and there was little hope that his childre n wouldhave nothi ng better.（94/1,No.73）考点 17：先行代词 itj 作形式主语：it+“be”+名词/形容词+（of/for+名词/代词+）+不定式k 作形式宾语：主语+动词+it+名词/形容词+不定式例 1:They believed that was good bus in ess to hire men,wome n and childre n as cheapl

28、y as possible.（94/1,No.79）例 2:While tech no logy makes this possible for four or eve n six billi on of us to exist,it also elimi nates our jobopportu ni ties.（98/1,No.75）第四节冠词考点 18：j by+k by+the+表方式表触及例1:Dishwashers and washi ng mach ines do jobs that were once done by the hand.（90/1,No.74）考点 19：bed

29、,church,college,university,school,court,hospital,prison,sea 等表处所的名词及名 词 work用来指有关活动时，一般不用冠词。例 1:Day or night,the sound of the work fills the air.（95/6,No.77）考点 20：the+先行词+同位语从句（that-clause）例:Most of the dollar differences stem from fact that women tend to be more recently employed and have feweryear

30、s on the job.（96/1,No.71）考点 21:冠词的习惯用法j 习惯用定冠词的短语by the way for the time being in the case of（至于.）in the long run in the habit of in the possessi on ofk 习惯用不定冠词的短语all of a sudde n as a rule as a matter of factat a loss（不知所措）on a large scale in a hurryhave a good time keep an eye on lend a handl 习惯用零

31、冠词的短语at presentat hand（近在手边）at stakeby way of（经由）at table（在进餐）at warin honor of in trouble in orderin place（适当的）in advaneein fashion（时兴、流行）in fact in case（of）（女口果）in possessi on of（拥有）例 1:This tendency of tech no logy to make words superfluous（过剩）but at same time allow ing their nu mberto grow so la

32、rge is creat ing psychological tensions.（98/1,No.77）考点 22:零冠词j 表示洲的名词前：女口 Asia,Europe,America,Africa,Oceaniak 表示国家、省市的名词前(但由短语组成的国家，Russia,France，Beijing，Londonl 表示街道、建筑名词前(但有 of 介词短语修饰时，Wall of China):女口 Broadway，Red Squarem 表示大学名称的名词前(但有 of 介词短语修饰时需用定冠词女口 Yale University，Oxford University例 1:With

33、occasional breaks for war,the rates of death and infection in the Europe and America dropped steadilythrough the 19th and 20th centuries.(01/6,No.75)考点 23:零冠词用法还需熟记以下公式口诀三句泛指 a/an 特指 the，man 指人类零冠词，cold，fever 前 a，violin，guitar 乐器 the。例 1:Viewing biologically,the modern footballer is revealed as a me

34、mber of a disguised hunting pack.(02/1,S1)第五节形容词和副词考点 24:形容词的基本用法j 系动词/感官动词+形容词k 形容词+名词例 1:There may be sound medicine reasons for accepting electrical shock.(93/6,No.74)例 2:In every case,the in flue ntial pers on may uncon sciously no tice the imitati on but he willfeel comfortably in its prese nee

35、.(95/1,No.77)例 3:Because of its large student body consisting of many people from different countriesthe uni versity exposes its stude nts to many differe nt culture,social and out-of-class programmes.(96/6,No.76)例 4:Even the infection rate was falling,population growth kept the number of clinical c

36、asesmore or less constantly at 8 million a years.(2001/6,No.80)考点 25:副词的基本用法j 常用副词(多以 ly 结尾)+被修饰词k 改错中常用以混同于副词的形容词：l 改错中形容词，副词同形的常用词：例 1:Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are prepared to put up with in the name ofbetter health is a high personal matter,not a decision we should remain to docto

37、rsalone.(93/6,No.79)the,如 the University of North Carolina):需用定冠词 the，女口 the tower of London，the Great或以-s 结尾的国家前需要用定冠词the)：如 China,例 2:Even the quiet of our careful protected wilderness areas can be invaded at any momentby a passed yet.(95/6,No.78)例 3:Many women,for example,have committed their liv

38、es to teaching careers,yet relativefew have become prin cipals or headmasters.(96/1,No.80)考点 26:形容词，副词的各种比较级形式j 同级比较：as+形容词/副词原形+ask 非同级比较：l 比例式比较：the+形容词/副词的比较级形式A+数词+times/twice+as+形容词原级+as+Bm 倍数比较：A+数词+times/twice+more(或其它形容词比较级)than+Bn 不可分级比较的词：例 1:When we consider the comfortable circumstances

39、of a working family today,the life of the work in gma n in1882 seems miserable in deed.But earlier it had bee n even hard.(94/1,No.71)第六节 同义词和反义词考点 27：构成反义词的常见词缀例 1.Blood pressure drugs definitely help some people live after a heart attack,but thesesame drugs may be both n ecessary and harmful for t

40、hose with only mild blood pressure problems.(96/6,No.77)例 2.I n every case,the in flue ntial pers on may con sciously no tice the imitatio n but he willfeel comfortable in its prese nee.(95/1,No.76)例 3.The n eed for more food discourages developme nt of better tech no logy which n aturallykeeps more

41、 people alive.(98/1,No.73)例 4.While tech no logy makes it possible for four or even six billi on of us to exist,it alsoelim in ates our job opport un ities.In theory,it is impossible that all the goods and servicesthe world needs could be produced by only 2 percent of the population.(98/1,No.76)例 5.

42、Now he has the capability to leave that pla net and move out into the uni verse to thoseworlds which he has known previously only directly.(2000/1,No.72)例 6.We asked a lady,who replied that she thought you could tell a well-mannered person bythe way the occupied the space around them-for example,Whe

43、n such a pers on walksdow n a street he or she is con sta ntly un aware of others.(2000/6,No.72)例 7.His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth.Ifhis aim is in accurate and he scores a goal,enjoys the hun ter(2002/1,No.S2)考点 28:常见同义词例 1:Betwee n sun rise and

44、 sun set,streets and highways are a con sta nt source of voice fromcars,buses,and trucks.(95/6,No.73)s triumph of killi ng his prey.the+形容词/副词的比较级形式第七节一致考点 29:主谓一致原则：j 谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致。k 分词短语作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。I 当 and 连接两个主语表示一个单一概念时，谓语动词用单数，否则要用复数动词。mThere be 句型中，注意主语与be 动词的一致。n 主语是不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形

45、式。o 如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有连用时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。p 既然是主谓一致原则，主语和谓语都不能省略。例 1:One in every seve n deaths in Europe s crowded cities were caused by the disease.(01/6,No.73)例 2:There are no going back to a simple,less tech no logically complex time.(98/1,No.74)例 3:Their improved intelligenee,so vital to their old hunti

46、ng life,were put to a new usecon trolli ng and domesticat ing their prey.(02/1,S9)that of penning,with,together with,as well as,no less than,like,but,including等词组考点 30：连词在一致性中的：j 由连词 and,as well as,notonlybut also 等连接的句子结构应保持一致。k 由连词 and,as well as 等连接的词应保持词性一致。l 连词本身搭配一致性原则。m 连词与句意一致性原则。常用的并列连接词常用的

47、从属连接词例 1:At the beg inning of the nin etee nth cen tury work ing hours were from sun rise to sun set,pay was awful,and work ing con diti ons being poor and dan gerous.(94/1,No.72)例 2:It appears that we all find compa ny in soun d,if we all dema nd a little quiet from time to time.(95/6,No.80)例 3:The

48、 large university provides a wide range of specialized departments,as well numerous courses with suchdepartment.(96/6,No.71)例 4:They are likely to travel more and to want more education.Nevertheless,many more jobs are available inthese services.(90/1,No.78)考点 31:定语从句中先行词和引导词一致性原则j 先行词为人+引导词k 先行词为物+引

49、导词l 先行词为地点+引导词m 先行词为原因+引导词例 1:This other person told us a story,it he said was quite well known.(00/6,No.74)例 2:The children attended a small elementary school to that they had to walk every day,possibly for a few miles.(90/6,No.79)第八节时态、语态考点 32:时态一致性基本原则j 主句谓语时态与时间状语从句一致性原则 k 谓语时态与句意一致性原则I 从句与主句时态一

50、致性原则 m 上下文时态一致性原则例 1:Now he had the capability to leave that pla net and move out i nto the uni verse to those worlds which he haskn ow n previously only in directly.(00/1,No.71)例 2:The American hasn t been told very much about the kind of food he might expect.(00/6,No.76)例 3:Picking it up,he put it