江苏高考英语真题任务型阅读.pdf

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1、20132013 卷卷第四部分：任务型阅读（共第四部分：任务型阅读（共 1010 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1 1 分，满分分，满分 1010 分）分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。Quiet Virtue:The ConscientiousQuiet Virtue:The ConscientiousThe everyday signs of conscientiousness(认真尽责)being punctual,careful in doing work,self-discip

2、lined,and scrupulous(一丝不苟的)in attending to responsibilitiesare typicalcharacteristics of the model organizational citizen,the people who keep things running as theyshould.They follow the rules,help out,and are concerned about the people they work with.Its theconscientious worker who helps newers or

3、updates people who return after an absence,who gets towork on time and never abuses sick leaves,who always gets things done on deadline.Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field.In studies of job performance,outstandingeffectiveness for almost all jobs,from semi-skilled labor to sales and m

4、anagement,depends onconscientiousness.It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lowerlevels of an organization:the secretary whose message taking is perfect,the delivery truck driverwho is always on time.Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer,

5、those who were mostconscientious had the largest volume of sales.Conscientiousness also offers a buffer(缓冲)againstthe threat of job loss in today s constantly changing market,because employees with this qualityare among the most valued.For the sales representatives,their level of conscientiousness m

6、atteredalmost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than theyactually are.Their reputation for dependability influences managers evaluations of their work,giving them higher evaluations than objective m

7、easures of their performance would predict.But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems.Since conscientiouspeople demand so much of themselves,they can hold other people to their own standards,and sobe overly judgmental when others dont show the same high levels of mode

8、l behavior.Factoryworkers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious,for example,tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized,which damaged their relationships.When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to ex

9、pectations,it can discourage creativity.In creative professions like art or advertising,openness to wild ideas and spontaneity(自发性)arescarce and in demand.Success in such occupations calls for a balance,however;without enoughconscientiousness to follow through,people bee mere dreamers,with nothing t

10、o show for theirimaginativeness.题型自主分析：题型自主分析：1、原词重现（信息查找）：2、词性转换（信息加工）：3、提炼概括（信息归纳）：.20122012 卷卷第四部分第四部分:任务型阅读任务型阅读(共共1010 小题小题;每小题每小题1 1 分分,满分满分1010 分分)请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。Happiness AdvantageHappiness Advantage”Effect EffectIn July 2010 Burts Bees

11、,a personal-care products pany,was going through enormouschange as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries.In this kind of high-pressure situation,many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in-boxes with urgentdemands.In doing so,managers lift everyones anxi

12、ety level,which activates the part of the brainthat processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex(大脑皮层),which isresponsible for effective problem solving.Burts Beess then-CEO,John Wolfgang,took a different approach.Each day,he d sendout anpraising a team member for work related t

13、o global marketing.Hed interrupt his ownpresentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams about the pany s values.He askedme to further a three-hour session with employees on happiness in the course of the expansioneffort.As one member of the senior team told me a year later,Wolfgangs em

14、phasis on developingpositive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformedthe pany into a global one.That oute shouldnt surprise us.Research shows that when people work with a positivemind-set(思 维 模 式),performanceonnearlyeverylevel-productivity,creativity,

15、involvement-improves.Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance.For one,most people believe that success es before happiness.“Once I get a promotion,I ll behappy,”they think.Or,“Once I hit sales targe,Ill feel great.”But because success is a movingtargetas soon as you hit

16、your target,you raise it again-the happiness that results fromsuccess does not last long.In fact,it works the other way around:People who have a positive mind-set perform better inthe face of challenge.I call this the“happiness advantage”every business oute showsimprovement when the brain is positiv

17、e.Ive observed this effect in my role as a researcher and.lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success.And I m notalone:In an analysis of 225 academic studies,researchersfound strong evidence ofcause-and-effect relationship between life satisfaction and successfu

18、l business outes.Another mon misunderstanding is that our genetics,our environment,or a bination of the twodetermines how happy we are.To be sure,both factors have an impact.But ones general sense ofwell-being is surprisingly unstable.The habits you form,the way you interact with colleagues,howyou t

19、hink about stress-all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances ofsuccess.题型自主分析：题型自主分析：.1、原词重现（信息查找）：2、词性转换（信息加工）：3、提炼概括（信息归纳）：20112011 卷卷第四部分：任务型阅读第四部分：任务型阅读(共共 1010 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1 1 分，满分分，满分 1010 分分)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1 个单词。Whe

20、n Should a Leader Apologize and When Not?When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not?Why Difficult?Why Difficult?When we wrong someone we know,even not intentionally,we are generally expected toapologize so as to improve the situation.But when we re acting as leaders,the circumstances aredifferent.T

21、he act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the individual but also at thelevel of the institution.It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word beespart of the public record.Refusing to apologize can be smart,or it can be stupid.So,readiness toapologize can be

22、 seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.A successful apologycan turn hate into personal and organizational harmonywhile an apology that is too little,too late,or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin.What,then,is to be done?How can leaders decide

23、 if and when to apologize publicly?Why Now?Why Now?The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent.Duringthe last decade or so,the United States in particular has developed an apology cultureapologies ofall kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more

24、 frequently than before.More newspaperwriters have written about the growing importance of public apologies.More articles,cartoons,advice columns,and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of privateapologies.Why Bother?Why Bother?Why do we apologize?Why do we ever put o

25、urselves in situations likely to be difficult,embarrassing,and even risky?Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target.They areexpected to appear strong and capable.And whenever they make public statements of any kind,theirindividual and institutional reputations are in danger.Clearly,then

26、,leaders should not apologizeoften or lightly.For a leader to express apology,there needs to be a good,strong reason.Leaders.will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of notdoing so.Why Refuse?Why Refuse?Why is it that leaders so often refuse to ap

27、ologize,even when a public apology seems to be inorder?Their reasons can be individual or institutional.Because leaders are public figures,theirapologies are likely to be personally unfortable and even professionally risky.Leaders may also beafraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or dest

28、roy the organization for which they areresponsible.There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations,as we shall see,but itis a high-risk strategy.题型自主分析：题型自主分析：1、原词重现（信息查找）：2、词性转换（信息加工）：3、提炼概括（信息归纳）：.20102010 卷卷第四部分：任务型阅读第四部分：任务型阅读(共共 1010 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1 1 分，满分分，满分 1010 分分)请认真阅读下列短文，并

29、根据所读容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1 个单词。For more than twenty years scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery ofthesixth senseof direction By trying out ideas and solving problems one by one，they are nowgetting closer to one answerOne funny idea is that animals might

30、 have a built-in pass(指南针)Our earth itself is a big magnet(磁体)So a little magnetic needle that swingsfreely lines itselfwith the big earth magnet to point north and southWhen people discovered that idea about athousand years ago and invented the pass，it allowed sailors to navigate(航海)on ocean voyage

31、s,even under cloudy skies.Actually the idea of the living pass came just from observing animals in natureMany birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes Some ofthem fly for thousands of kilometers and mostly at nightExperiments have shown that some birdscan recognize star

32、 patterns But they cankeep on courseeven under cloudy skies How can they dothat?A mon bird that does not migrate but is great at finding its way home is the homing pigeon Notall pigeons can find their way homeThose that can are very good at it，and they have been widelystudiedOne interesting experime

33、nt was toattachlittle magnets to the birds heads to block theirmagnetic sensejust as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call to dinnerOn sunny days,that did not fool the pigeons Evidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are going But oncloudy days，the pigeons with magnets could not

34、 find their wayIt was as if the magnets hadblocked their magnetic senseSimilar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybeesThese insectsalso seem to have a special sense of directionIn spite of the experiments，the idea of an animal pass seemed pretty extraordinary How wouldan a

35、nimal get the magnetic stuff for a pass？An answer came from an unexpected source A scientist was studyingbacteria that live in the.mud of ponds and marshesHe found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together inone directionnorthFurther study showed that each little bacterium had a c

36、hain of dense particles inside，whichproved magneticThe bacteria had made themselves into little magnets that could line up with theearths magnetThe big news was that a living thing，even a simple bacterium，can make magnetiteThat ledto a search to see whether animals might have it.By using a special i

37、nstrument calledmagnetometer，scientists were able to find magnetite in bees and birds，and even in fishIn eachanimal，except for the beethe magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brainThusthe idea of a builtin animal pass began to seem reasonableThe Magnetic SenseThe Magnetic Sense The Living p

38、ass The Living passPassage outlinePassage outlineThe existence of the earthmagnet and the inventionof the navigating passSupporting detailsSupporting detailsOur earth is a big magnet and a little freely(71)magnetic needle lines itselfwith the earth magnet to point north and south.(72)on the idea abo

39、ve,the navigating pass was invented.The possibility of birdsbuilt-in passes One piece of evidence is the(73)of many birds between their summerhomes and winter homes.Birds can recognize star patterns on clear nights and keep on course(74)under cloudy skiesThe(75)on pigeonsand bees built-inpassesLittl

40、e magnets were tied to the pigeons heads to(76)their magneticsense.The pigeons magnetic sense seemed to be affected on(77)days.Similar things with the same results were done with bees.The(78)of the magneticLittle rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in thestuff for the animal pass

41、direction of(79).Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the(80)inside their bodies.题型自主分析：题型自主分析：1、原词重现（信息查找）：2、词性转换（信息加工）：3、提炼概括（信息归纳）：20092009 卷卷第四部分：任务型阅读（共第四部分：任务型阅读（共 1010 小题；每小题小题；每小题 l l 分，满分分，满分 l0 l0 分）分）请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填 1 个单词。请将答案

42、写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。munication Principlesmunication PrinciplesHow you see yourself can make a great difference in how you municate“Every individualexists in a continually changing world of experience of which he（or she）is the center”Manymunication scholars and social scientists believe that people are pr

43、oducts of how others treat themand of the messages others send themBut every day we experience the centrality of our selves inmunicationA studentfor instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesnt like the fact that I dont agree with his opinionsand that

44、s why.he gave me such a poor grade in that class”The teacher might say the opposite Each person maybelieve that he is correct and that the other persons view is wrongThe concept of self originates in munication Through verbal and nonverbal symbols,a childlearns to accept roles in response to the exp

45、ectations of othersYou establish self-image。The sortof person you believe you are，by how others think of you Positive，negative，and neutral messagesthat you receive from others all play a role in determining who you aremunication itself is probablybest understood as a dialogue process Our understandi

46、ng of munication es from our interactionswith other peopleIn a more obvious way munication involves others in the sense that a petentmunicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages toshareSo，the munication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and invo

47、lves others，as defined largely by the selfmunication Occurs almost every minute of your life If you are not municatingwith yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you），you are observing others and drawinginferences from their behavior Even if the other person did not intend a message

48、 for you you gatherobservations and draw specific conclusionsA person yawns and you believe that person is boredwith your message A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is notlistening to youA third person smiles（perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently）and y

49、ou believe that he is attracted to you We are continually picking up meanings from others behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have municative value for themMore often than not，you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried toexplain that you did not mean that.You

50、may have told the other person that you were sorry for yourstatement You may have made a joke out of your rude statement Nonetheless，your ment remainsboth in the mind of the other person and in your own mind You cannot go back in time and eraseyour messages to others munication cannot be reversed（倒退