阅读理解（2主旨大意题）（通用版）2023高考英语二轮复习重难考点（新题型）突破（通用版）（原卷版）.docx

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1、题型一阅读理解(主旨大意题)督【专题导航】目录一、考情概述1二、命题特点1三、选项特点1四、考法解题能力提升2五、链高考探究7六、精选考点题型专练11一、考情概述主旨大意题是阅读理解的必考题目类型，每套试卷一般设置12题，其中，选择最佳标题类的 题目是每套试卷的必考点,段落大意题偶有出现，通常针对说明文和议论文设题。主旨大意题在阅读理解中所占比例不高，但难度较大，是拉开分数差距的一个重要的题目类 型，因此考生应给予足够的重视。预计未来高考阅读理解主旨大意题的比例将保持稳定，考查 方式将从原来简单的主旨概括向综合性归纳转变。二、命题特点主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以及

2、归纳与概括信息的能力。题干中往往会出现下列词语:subject,topic, theme,title,main idea等。主旨大意题的考查方向：1 .概括整篇文章的中心思想(main idea);.选择最佳标题(best title);2 .分析归纳文章某段的段落大意。三、选项特点1 .正确选项的特点.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpers

3、onal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.33 .What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academically.34 .What is the best title for the text?A.

4、Be Nice 一 You Wont Finish LastThe Higher the Status, the BetterB. Be the Best 一 You Can Make ItMore Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness【命题分析】A素养解读本文作者结合自己的亲身经历和研究人员的研究结论，论述了受欢迎的人的两种类型:讨人喜 欢的人和追求地位的人。在语篇选择上注重关注人际关系，促使考生提高思辨能力。这主要 体现了学科核心素养中的语言能力和思维品质这两个方面。A试题分析第33题是段落大意题,需要考生通读第二段并整合全段内容作出判断。第35题是标题归纳题

5、,需要考生在整体把握文章主旨大意和写作意图的情况下，选出最佳标 题。庖丁解牛熟词生义employ常见义:v.雇用本文义:v.运用，使用A词块积累rosy years美好的几年clinical psychology临床心理学 dishonorable behavior不光彩的行为 carry over继续存在六、精选考点题型专练Passage 1语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间记叙文志愿者帮助解救被困海豚282 6分钟A group of volunteers joined forces to form a human chain to free four dolphins which had be

6、en stranded（搁浅）in a canal for four days. The four dolphins were seen in the water near the Fossil Park neighborhood in St. Petersburg, Florida, US, on Sunday. Experts from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission（FWC） had monitored the dolphins activities in the past few days and hoped

7、that they would swim out with the tide.But when the dolphins struggled to leave the canal, the brave volunteers joined members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Clearwater Marine Aquarium to form a rescue team to free them. Dozens of people gathered to take videos and pi

8、ctures of the kind act. A team of 14 volunteers held hands to act as a block to guide the dolphins out of the narrow channel. They shouted and patted the water with their hands to direct the dolphins to vast expanses of Riviera Bay. Dolphins find their way in the water through echolocation（回声定位）.Tha

9、t means that they can recognize the echoes of sound waves that bounce off objects to find their way around.Andy Garrett, a biologist of the FWC said, nWe were able to keep that chain together. The dolphins were interested. They actually came over right away. He added that when the team reached a bri

10、dge, the dolphins appeared a bit nervous and started doing some spins. They made one real hard pass at our team and then went under the bridge and took off, Garrett said. The operation lasted about 45 minutes and the rescue team did not use nets or any items that could stress the dolphins.1 .What ca

11、n we know about the dolphins from Paragraph 1 ?A. They formed a chain to protect themselves.B. They lived in the water near the Fossil Park.C. They were observed in secret by volunteers.D. They were forced to stay in a canal for four days.2 .Why did volunteers shout and pat the water?A. To make soun

12、ds to attract some people.B. To guide the dolphins out to Riviera Bay.C. To celebrate the success of saving dolphins.D. To test the different reactions of the dolphins.3 .What words could best describe the volunteers?A. Brave and caring.B. Cautious and humorous.C. Smart and ambitious.D. Optimistic a

13、nd energetic.4 .Whafs the main idea of the text?A. Dolphins swam to the canal to hunt for food.B. Rescuers formed a human chain to save dolphins.C. Volunteers helped four dolphins escape from nets.D. Experts studied the ways of dolphins, finding directions.Passage!语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文5G应用于故宫博物院334 7分钟W

14、hen visitors to the Palace Museum feel a need to sit down for a cup of tea or find a bathroom without a long line, they soon will be able to turn to their smart phones for the information they need.This modern-day solution comes thanks to an agreement signed on Friday by the museum and Huawei Techno

15、logies Co., the telecommunication giant, to build a nsmart network11 using 5G technology. Under the agreement, 5G Wi-Fi signals will cover the Palace Museum, Chinas imperial palace from 1420 to 1924, and the branch museum of the institution under construction in northwestern Beijing.Its essential to

16、 always stay close to the latest technology to better serve the public/1 said Shan Jixiang, former curator（馆长）of the Palace Museum. Shan said there is still much room for improvement in the handling of a huge number of cultural relics,such as when the priceless painting Along the River During the Qi

17、ngming Festival is exhibited again in the future. When it was last exhibited in 2015, visitors stood in long lines until 3 a.m. to get a glimpse. The museum ended up preparing instant noodles to serve the hungry visitors. I dont want that scenario to reoccur,* Shan said. nOur operation can be done i

18、n a more scientific way.”The new system will also make use of the closed-circuit television cameras that are set up all over the Palace Museum to safeguard the museums precious relics. More than 1.86 million of them are housed at the museum, which recorded nearly 20 million visits from the public la

19、st year, topping all museums worldwide. How can we make sure no single visitor who might have evil ideas threatens these treasures?1 Shan said. nAfter adopting the Internet of things, we can instantly detect any motion involving the artifacts to prevent such threats.nThe 5G network will also be used

20、 to improve remote consultation through webcams, which will facilitate conversations with overseas scholars to jointly find the best answers to restoration and preservation issues.1 .What do we know about the Palace Museum?A. Its visitors wont have to queue up fbr the bathroom.B. It served as Chinas

21、 imperial palace for over 600 years.C. It will cooperate with Huawei Technologies Co. to promote its management.D. It will set up advanced television cameras for the purpose of safety.2.What does the underlined word scenario1 in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Disaster.B. Situation.C. Operation.D. Exhibition.3

22、.What are the figures in Paragraph 4 intended to show about the Palace Museum?A. It is better than any other museums.B. It has a rich collection of cultural relics.C. It enjoys great popularity all over the world.D. It faces a tough challenge of protecting relics.4 .What can be a suitable title for

23、the text?A. A Feast for Museum VisitorsA Revolution in ExhibitionB. A Protector of Cultural RelicsA Connection Between Old and NewPassage 3语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文机器人送包裹326 7分钟Want to get your package delivered via robots? Now theres an app fbr that. If you live in Washington, D.C., or Redwood, you may hav

24、e glimpsed a small, boxy robot rolling along a local sidewalk, minding its own business, but attracting the attention of many curious onlookers.The autonomous machines were part of a pilot program last year by Starship Technologies focusing on delivering meals from local restaurants in dozens of cit

25、ies around the world. This week, the company unveiled plans to broaden its delivery service beyond food to include packages, a move that led it to declare itself nthe worlds first robot package delivery service11. The next time you order food, this cute robot might roll up to deliver it. The package

26、 delivery service is not available to everyone yet.The wheeled robots have a top speed of 4 mph and can detect obstacles from 30 feet away. The robot can operate through anything/* Nick Handrick, head of operations fbr Starships D.C. office, said, nIf you have something in the way - a stick - its ab

27、le to climb over it.”To sign up fbr the service, which costs a little more than $10 per month, customers need to download the companys app. Customers then create a Starship Delivery Address*, a unique address inside a Starship facility, where they can have packages sent from some places. Once a pack

28、age is delivered to the Starship address, customers receive a text notification that allows them to schedule a home delivery via robots. The robots are opened by customers via a mobile phone code.Barriers exist for robotic ground delivery, with many states requiring that humans be in control of deli

29、very robots. Those regulations haven91 stopped Starship Technologies from accumulating experience on streets around the globe ahead of the companys latest launch. The company says its robots have covered more than 125,000 miles in more than 100 cities in 20 countries.1. What can we know about the ro

30、botic delivery?A. It is part of a trial project by Starship Technologies.B. The robotic delivery is available to everyone at present.C. You can use the service free of charge via smart phones.D. The robots are opened by customers with a text notification.2 .What does the underlined word unveilecTin

31、Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Revised.B. Released.C. Restored.D. Reset.3 .What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. The good news of the service.B. How the robotic delivery works.C. The disadvantages of the robotic delivery.D. Robotic delivery develops despite challenges.4 .What can be the best titl

32、e for the text?A. A New Robot Was InventedWheelless Robots Are on the WayB. How Robots Deliver PackagesPackages Will Be Delivered by RobotsPassage 4语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文发光植物318 8分钟The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive

33、 effects.A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another, employees were shown to be 15%more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT

34、) have taken it a step further 一 changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they9re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in ground water

35、. Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,“ explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables.Strano9s team found

36、that they could create a faint light fbr three-and-a-half hours.The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start.The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.In the future, the team hopes to

37、 develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime.The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off switch where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electrici

38、ty consumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source（电源）一 such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway - a lot of energy is lost during transmission（传输）.Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.32 .What is the

39、first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.33 .What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?A. To detect plants9 lack of water.B. To change composition

40、s of plants.C. To make the life of plants longer.D. To test chemicals in plants.34 .What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A. They will speed up energy production.B. They may transmit electricity to the home.C. They might help reduce energy consumption.D. They could take the place of

41、 power plants.35 .Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants?B. How do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?Passage 5语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文黄石国家公园的火山336 6分钟In the 1960s, while study

42、ing the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before: he couldnt find the parks volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature thats what accounted for all its hot spring

43、s and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldnt find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone（圆锥体）shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma（岩浆）piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexica

44、n farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these v

45、olcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesnt involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of t

46、his second type, but Christiansen couldnt find the caldera anywhere.Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blo

47、w-up for one of the visitors centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park 2.2 million acres was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across - much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. A

48、t some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.58 .What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone?A. Its complicated geographical features.B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.C. The mysterious history of the park.D. The exact location of the volcano.59 .What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?A. The shapes of volcanoes.B. The impacts of volcanoes.C. Th