2022考研英语长难句课程讲义（学生版）.pdf

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1、目录Lesson 1 理解长难句阅读的本质（做简法，抓核心）Lesson 2-5 长难句语法结构划分的基本依据和语法成分的相应处理方式Lesson 2 常见长句成分划分介绍Lesson 3 各类标点符号在长句成分划分中的作用Lesson 4 利用连词（并列连词，从属连词）区分长句的语法主干和非主干Lesson 5 对各类从句的处理方式lesoon6 综合例句（单独练习课）lesson7 长难句重点逻辑的识别+处理lesson8 长难句简化与高阶阅读细节题的关联(1)Lesson9 长难句简化与高阶阅读细节题的关联(2)fl&fiff(ID:djky66)2022考研英语长难句课程讲义（学生版）

2、考研英语长难句课程讲义（学生版）Lesson 1理解长难句阅读的本质（做简法，抓核心）理解单句的核心信息，首先是词汇，然后是法语提炼理解单句的核心信息，首先是词汇，然后是法语提炼In the Mesa Verde area of the ancient North American Southwest,living patternschanged in the thirteenth century,with large numbers of people moving into largecommunal dwellings called Pueblos,often constructed a

3、t the center of canyons,especially on the sides of cliffs.Q:Which of the following is true about Pueblos?A.People tended to live together inPueblosB.Pueblos were mainly built on the brink ofcanyons快速理解句间关系，并且明确段落结构。快速理解句间关系，并且明确段落结构。Johnson was a poet and critic who raised common sense to the height

4、s of genius.Hisapproach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenthand early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical.Up until his time,the task ofproducing a dictionary on such a large scale had seemed impossible without theestablishment of an academy to make decisi

5、ons about right and wrong usage.推测文章接下去会展开谈论什么内容？推测文章接下去会展开谈论什么内容？Johnson decided he did not need an academy to settle arguments about language;he would write a dictionaryhimself.fl&fiff(ID:djky66)全球最强大的英语语言能力测试系统中，专门的长难句简化训练题型全球最强大的英语语言能力测试系统中，专门的长难句简化训练题型单句简化题单句简化题Example1：Indeed,stability of the

6、biological clocks period is one of its major features,evenwhen the organisms environment is subjected to considerable changes in factors,such as temperature,that would be expected to affect biological activity strongly.A.Stability,a feature of the biological clocks period,depends on changeable facto

7、rssuch as temperature.B.A major feature of the biological clock is that its period does not change despitesignificant changes in theenvironment.C.A factor such as temperature is an important feature in the establishment of thebiological clocks period.D.Biological activity is not strongly affected by

8、 changes intemperature.实战中，如何利用长难句的核心做到快速解题？2020英语一text 2In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the socialinternet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while hugeprofits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases,weneed a

9、rebalancing ofpower.fl&fiff(ID:djky66)30.Which of the following characterizes the scientific publishing model?A Trialsubscription is offered.B Labour triumphs over status.C Costs are well controlled.D The few feed on themany.fl&fiff(ID:djky66)重点记录：重点记录：Lesson 2常见长句成分划分介绍Permission to run a nuclear p

10、lant is a public trust.A team of researchers working together in the laboratory are offering a solution.In just on generation,millions of mothers have gone to work,transforming basicfamily economics.Enraged by Entergys behavior,the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year againstallowing an extensionT

11、o promote this idea,he turned to the university-admissions processe.g.To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.e.g.It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.fl&fiff(ID:djky66)重点记录：重点记录：重点记录：重点记录：e.g.Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.e.g.You promised to do so

12、mething goodSeeing is believing.综合例句综合例句Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night,progressing towardhappier ones before awakening,suggesting that they are working through negativefeelings generated during the day.fl&fiff(ID:djky66)重点记录：重点记录：The book on the table is minesubmit the r

13、esults of their research to a journal.By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spains remaining colonies.For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the ruleThe link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwrightsclinic.The growth in public money for acade

14、mic research has speeded the processThe latter was seen as a consequence of genetic isolation.Despite these factors,many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problemsfl&fiff(ID:djky66)综合例句综合例句In the idealized version of how science is done,facts about the world are waiting tobe observed a

15、nd collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method tocarry out their work.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.These labels encourage style-conscious c

16、onsumers to see clothes as disposablemeant to last only a wash or two,although they dont advertise thatand to renewtheir wardrobe every few weeks.Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for more research-a classic caseof“paralysis by analysis”.fl&fiff(ID:djky66)2012 英语一 text2A string of a

17、ccidents,including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and thediscovery of an underground pipe system leakage,raised serious questions aboutboth Vermont Yankees safety and Entergys managementespecially after thecompany made misleading statements about the pipe.fl&fiff(ID:djky66)Lesson 3感

18、各类标点符号在长句成分划分中的作用Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging,fire,or both have becomeideal feeding grounds of deer.In addition to finding an increase of suitable browse,like huckleberry and vine maple,Arthur Einarsen,longtime game biologist in thePacific Northwest,found quality of browse i

19、n the open areas to be substantially morenutritive.A.Arthur Einarsens longtime family with the Pacific Northwest helped him discoverareas where deer had an increase in suitablebrowse.B.Arthur Einarsen found that deforested feeding grounds provided deer with moreand better food.C.Biologist like Einar

20、sen believe it is important to find additional open areas withsuitable browse for deer toinhabit.D.According to Einarsen,huckleberry and vine maple are examples of vegetationthat may someday improve the nutrition of deer in the open areas of the PacificNorthwest2008 text4 罕见双逗号内容考察para6：Washington,w

21、ho had begun to believe that all men were created equal afterobserving the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,overcamethe strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.Onlya decade earlier,such an act would have required legislative approval

22、 in Virginia.20.Washingtons decision to free slaves originated fromhisA moralconsiderations.B military experience.C financialconditions.D political stand.fl&fiff(ID:djky66)重点记录：重点记录：In the Mesa Verde area of the ancient North American Southwest,living patternschanged in the thirteenth century,with l

23、arge numbers of people moving into largecommunal dwellings called pueblos,often constructed at the edges of canyons,especially on the sides of cliffs.These recordings are cheap,available everywhere,and very often much higher inartistic quality than todays live performances;moreover,they can be“consu

24、med”at a time and place of the listeners choosing.fl&fiff(ID:djky66)重点记录：重点记录：重点记录：重点记录：Lesson 4利用连词（并列连词，从属连词）区分长句的语法主干和非主干These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable andto renew their wardrobe every fewweeks.In the last decade or so,advances in technology have all

25、owed mass-market labelssuch as Zara,H&M,and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipatedemand more precisely.Americans,she finds,buy roughly 20 billion garments a yearabout 64 items perpersonand no matter how much they give away,this excess leads to wastefl&fiff(ID:djky66)重点记录：重点记录：重点记录：重点

26、记录：The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are,but thats beenfundamentally inverted,”says one headhunter.“The people whove been hurt theworst are those whove stayed too long.”Politicians have repeatedly“back-loaded”public-sector pay deals,keeping the payincreases modest but adding to ho

27、lidays and especially pensions that are alreadygenerous.fl&fiff(ID:djky66)重点记录：重点记录：1993 年 text3 Q45It is their reduction to commercial practice,either through necessity or dedication,orthrough the availability of new technology,that makes news and money.45.From the passage welearn that.A an inventi

28、on will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercialpracticeB products are actually inventions which were made a long timeagoC it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a newoneD patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a searchthrough dead patentsfl&fiff(ID:d

29、jky66)例证：例证：2010 年 阅读 part BNone of these requirements should deter large retailers from trying their hand,forthose that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerablegains.fl&fiff(ID:djky66)重点记录：重点记录：Lesson 5对各类从句的处理方式名词性从句有以下几类：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句名词性从句有以下几类：主语从句，宾语从句，表

30、语从句，同位语从句One potential problem is that opening the mouth to breathe detracts from thestreamlining of these fishes and tends to slow them down.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in thehighlighted sentence in the passage?A.These fishes often have a problem opening th

31、eir mouths whileswimming.B.The streamlining of these fishes prevents them from slowingdown.C.The streamlining of these fishes tends to slow down theirbreathing.D.Opening the mouth to breathe can reduce the speed of thesefishesThe same dramatic technological changes have also increased the risk thatp

32、assionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker，more visible，and muchmore damaging ways.fl&fiff(ID:djky66)As a result,the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whosepresence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much humanlabor.Q2.The word“gizmos”

33、(line 1,paragraph 2)most probably meansA programsB expertsC devicesD creaturesThese plants are termed opportunists because they rely on their seeds falling intosettings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes,such asalong an eroding riverbank,on landslips,or where a tree falls

34、and creates a gap in theforest canopy.A.Because their seeds grow in places where competing plants are no longer present,dandelions are classified asopportunists.B.Dandelions are called opportunists because they contribute to the naturalprocesses of erosion and the creation of gaps in the forestcanop

35、y.C.The term opportunists apply to plants whose seeds fall in places where they cancompete with the seeds of otherplants.D.The term opportunists apply to plants whose falling seeds are removed by naturalprocessesfl&fiff(ID:djky66)重点记录：重点记录：All groups,including the Fore,who had almost no contact with

36、 Western culture,agreed on the portrayed emotions.The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressionswhen asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that calledfor basic emotional responses.A.The Fores facial expressions indicated their unwillingness to pretend to be storych

37、aracters.B.The Fore was asked to display familiar facial expressions when they told theirstories.C.The Fore exhibited the same relationship of facial expressions and basic emotionsthat is seen in Western culture when they acted outstories.D.The Fore was familiar with the facial expressions and basic

38、 emotions of charactersin storiesfl&fiff(ID:djky66)重点记录：重点记录：重点记录：重点记录：例句：例句：Now Utopia has grown unfashionable,as we have gained a deeper appreciation ofthe range of threats facing us,from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climatechange.Para3:Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic

39、 about-face,because itwas the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision inthe so-called state Street Bank case,approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.Q.Theword“about-face”(Line1,Paro3)most probably meansA loss of good willB increase of hostilityC c

40、hange of attitudeD enhancement of dignityIndeed,homelessness has reached such proportions that local government cantpossibly cope.We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that otherorganizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.fl&fiff(ID:d

41、jky66)重点记录：重点记录：In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commission(FTC)proposed adding a“donot track”(DNT)option to internet browsers,so that users could tell advertisers thatthey didnt want to be followed.例句例句Once a discovery claim becomes public,the discoverer receives intellectual credit.If you s

42、ee a conversation as a fight or competition,you can win by cheating as long asyou dont get caught.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were.For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the countryfl&fiff(ID:djky66)The defining term of intelligence in humans stil

43、l seems to be the IQ score,eventhough IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.fl&fiff(ID:djky66)lesson 6综合例句（单独练习课）2005text2But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it iscritical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments

44、that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”2018 text1Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years,yetthis will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended byautomation.2018 text2A survey by Barna research g

45、roup found the top reason given by Americans for thefake news phenomenon is“reader error,”more so than made-up stories or factualmistakes in reporting.2018text3Further arrangements-and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind willbe carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permission

46、s have been asked ofpatients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned.2018 text4And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPSs ultimate overseerCongressinsisting thatwhatever else happens to the Postal Service,aspects of the status

47、 quo they dependon get protected.fl&fiff(ID:djky66)再看托福，感受句内内容的重要性再看托福，感受句内内容的重要性For example,some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to theirwell-being and abandoned them,nevertheless,they retained as parts of their oraltradition the myths that had grown up around the rites a

48、nd admired them for theirartistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in thehighlighted sentence in the passage?A.A societys rites were more likely to be retained in the oral tradition if its mythswere admired for

49、 artistic qualities.B.The artistic quality of a myth was sometimes an essential reason for a society toabandon it from the oraltradition.C.Some early societies stopped using myths in their religious practices when ritesceased to be seen as useful for socialwell-being.D.Myths sometimes survived in a

50、societys tradition because of their artisticqualities even after they were no longer deemed religiouslybeneficial.In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet itspurpose,architecture employs methods of support that,because they are based onphysical laws,have changed