2022年中考英语定语从句复习归纳 .docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -中学中考英语定语从句复习归纳（一）学问概要定语从句并不属于中考范畴, 但由于作者在多年的教学中体会到,这一语法现象影响了很多同学自学英语. 这些同学一般是成果较好的同学,想进行大量阅读来提高自己的英语水平, 但总是遇到一些问题, 百思不得其解. 苦于自己的水平只限于中学水平,无法提高,但各种补习班又都是为一些水平较差的同学开设的, 所以又投师无门. 为明白决这部分同学的学习困难,也为那些有志青年铺平学习上的道路, 特用这一节叙述定语从句, 不是从语法上叙述, 而是从阅读懂得方面去叙述.可供同学们在学习时参

2、考.这会对你的英语学习起到事半功倍的作用.熟识了,如： a good book , 形容词 good 用来修饰书 book . 我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词, 这种句子叫做形容词性从句, 它起修饰名词的作用, 又被叫做定语从句 The attributive clause .但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前, 而是放在名词之后. 它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词,如： Do you know the scientist who gave us the talk this afternoon.这句中的主句是Do you know the scientist. 你知道那位科学家吗

3、. 而 who gave us the talk this afternoon 他今日下午给我们作的报告. 是定语从句.所以这两句话合为一体即是：你熟识今日下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗.这里 scientist叫作先行词,而who叫作定语从句的引导词. who 在定语从句中起主语的作用,who 的数与它的先行词相同. 又如： You must do everything that I do这里先行词是 everything, 而 that I do是定语从句, 此句应译为： 你必需作我所作的一切.that叫作定语从句的引导词,在句中作do的宾语.that , which , who, who

4、m, whose 和关系副词 when, where , why , how.不论关系代词仍是关系副词,都应放于先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用, 但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用,充当一个成份. 如关系代词在定语从句中不 是作主语便是作宾语, 而关系副词就是作状语. 我们先来看关系代词的用法.that的先行词可以是人也可以是物.如： A plane is a machine that canfly这里先行词是 machine而 that是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语.这句译为：飞机是一种会飞的机器.又如：I like the book that you lentme yesterday这里先

5、行词是 book , 关系代词用 that, 它在定语从句中作 lend 借 的宾语.要留意的是关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略,即： I like the book you lent me yesterdaywhich关系代词的先行词只能是物.它在定语从句中作主语或宾语,如：The book shop is a shop which sells books这里 shop是先行词, which在从句中作主语.又如：The book which I read last night was wonderful这里主句是 The book was wonderful而定语从句是修饰主句的主语bo

6、ok , 即我昨晚读的那本书,which在定语从句中作read的宾语,可以省略.who, whom, whosewho 在定语从句中作主语,whom 是 who 的宾格, 在定语从句中作宾语, 而whose就是形容词性物主代词,在从句中作定语,如：The man who visited our school yesterday is an American friend昨天参观我们学校的人是 一位美国伴侣. Who 在定语从句中作主语. 又如： Whos that woman whom you just talked to .你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁.而 whom 作定语从句中介词 to的

7、宾语,可以省略,而在现代英语中,句首的whom 也经常可用 wh3eud 训练网教学资源集散的.可能是最大的免费训练资源网；可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -o 代替.This is our classmate, Mary , whose home is not far from o ur school这是我们的同学玛丽,她的家离我们学校不远

8、.I saw the man.He closed the door I saw the man who that closed the door2The girl is happyShe won the raceThe girl who won the race is happy3The students are from ChinaThey sit in the front row The students who sit in the front row are from China 要留意的是先行词是students就 who 的数也应看作复数. 4We are studying sen

9、tencesThey contain adjective dause We are studying sentences that which contain adjective dause5The taxi driver was friendlyHe took me to the airport The taxi driver who took me to the airport was friendly6The book was goodI read itThe book that I read was good The book I read was good7The people we

10、re very niceWe visited them yesterdayThe people we visited yesterday were very nice8The man called the policeHis wallet was stolen The man whose wallet was stolen called the police9I come from a countryIts history goes back thousands of yearsI come from a country whose history goes back thousands of

11、 years10I have to call the manI picked up his umbrella after the me etingI have to call the man whose umbrella I picked up after the meeting关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时, 可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years或可以写

12、作：That was the room which we had lived in for ten yearsHe was the man whomwho you were looking for要留意的是此句的关系代词 whom 可以用主格取代,而look for是短语动词也不行将for放于定语从句之前. that作关系代词作介词宾语时,不能紧跟介词,而只能将介词置于 定语从句的后面.如：The man that we were talking about has come to our school这时不行用 about that请看下面例句：1The meeting was intere

13、stingI went to it The meeting that I went to was interesting2The man was very kindI talked to him yesterdayThe man who I talked to yesterday was very kind3eud 训练网教学资源集散的.可能是最大的免费训练资源网；可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精

14、心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -3I must thank the peopleI got a present from him I must thank the people who I got a present from4The picture was beautifulShe was looking at itThe picture that which she was looking at was beautiful5The man is standing over thereI told you about him The man who I told y

15、ou about is standing over there除关系代词外, 仍有关系副词, when, where , why, 其中 when 用来指时间, 在定语从句中作时间状语. 如： I never forget the day when I first cameto the Great Wall而 where就指的点,如： This is the house where t he old man lives请看下面例句：1The city was beautifulWe spent our vacation thereThe city where we spent our vaca

16、tion was beautiful2That is the restaurantI will meet you there That is the restaurant where I will meet you3The town is smallI grew up there The town where I grew up is small4That is the drawerI keep my newpapers there That is the drawer where I keep my newspapers5Monday is the dayWe will come then

17、Monday is the dayWhen we will came6 is the time My plane arrives then is the time when my plane arrives7 is the yearThe revolution took place then is the year when the revolution took place8July is the monthThe weather is usually the hottest then July is the month when the weather is usually the hot

18、test在定语从句中又可分为两大类定语从句,即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句. 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不行缺少的定语, 假如去掉的话, 主句的意思就不完整,意义就表述不明.这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词,如：I was the only person in my office who was invited非限制性定语从句. 它与主句的关系不非常亲密,只是对其附加说明, 也就是讲即便去掉定语从句, 句意也不受影响, 仍旧清楚明白. 这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开.且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句,如：Abraham Lincoln , who led the Unit

19、ed States through these yea,rs was shot on April,at a theatre in washington又如： Galileo lived3eud 训练网教学资源集散的.可能是最大的免费训练资源网；可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high3eud 训练网教学资源集散的.可能是最大的免费训练资源网；可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载