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1、复合句之定语从句1. 根据定义定特点在复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。两个句子之间通过关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose) 或关系副词 (when, where, why)连接起来。定语从句前的那个被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。如:Running Man is a very relaxing TV program which is popular among the young people. 主句:Running Man is a very relaxing TV program 从句:which is popular among the
2、young people先行词:TV program 关系代词:which因此, 如果确定是考查定语从句, 我们就可以排除不是关系代词或关系副词的选项, 如:what。2. 根据成分选连词 在此过程中要掌握“三看”原则。(1) 一看指人还是物 先行词指人:that, who (曲靖:2016.39), whose, whom先行词指物:that (曲靖:2016.45), which, whose (2) 二看句中作何用所作成分关系词主语who (人), which (物), that (人/物)宾语who / whom (人), which (物), that (人/物)定语whose (人
3、/物)状语where (地点), when (时间), why (原因)如果从句中缺少主干成分,补关系代词;如果从句中不缺主干成分,补关系副词。(3) 看是否是特殊情况 关系词只能用that的几种情况 当先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时 (曲靖:2017.40)。- Tom told his mother all that had happened. 汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。 当先行词前面有the only, the very, the last等修饰时。- This is the on
4、ly book that I can find. 这就是我能找到的唯一的一本书。 当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。- The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shanghai. 为我们足球队踢足球的那个最高的运动员来自上海。 当先行词既有人又有物时。- Lets talk about the people and the things that we can remember. 让我们谈论我们能够记起的人和事。关系词只能用which的几种情况 关系代词放在介词之后。- This is the factory i
5、n which we once worked. 这是我们曾工作过的工厂。 非限制性定语从句。- This is a famous book, which was written by Lu Xun. 这是鲁迅写的一本书。 that, those作主语指物时。- Those which are on the desk are English books. 桌子上的那些是英语书。用who而不用that的情况 当先行词为people和those (指人) 时, 只能用who。- Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。 当先
6、行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all (指人) 时, 只能用who。- Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。 【补充说明】 1. 引导词that与which用法区别 which前面可以有介词, that不行。当先行词指物、原因、地点或时间等时, prep + which - The small village in which I spent my childhood has a lot of big changes.2. 先行词是all / everything / not
7、hing / something / anything等不定代词时其后必须用that- There is nothing that can make him happy again. / Everything that we saw in this film was true. 3. 作为先行词的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级以及any, one, little, few, all, none of或the only / the very(恰好; 正好)/ the just(正好; 恰好)等限定语时其后必须用that。- That is the first / the best / the on
8、ly movie (that) Id like to see. / Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known. / The first one that stands up is a little boy. 4. 当先行词是数词时用that引导。- There are three that like drawing pictures in our class.我们班上有三个喜欢画画的学生。5. 当先行词既有人也有物时用that。- We were deeply moved by the teachers and schools that w
9、e had visited. 我们被访问过的老师和学校深深地感动了。6. 当先行词是地点时,用关系副词where, 先行词是时间时,用关系副词when,当先行词指原因时, 用关系副词why引导(它们在句中作状语)。- 1. I still remember the park where we first met. / 2. Ill never forget the days when we studied together. / 3. Do you know the reason why he was late for school?关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句 注意
10、:关系副词when, where, why既起到连接主句和从句的作用, 同时在定语从句中充当句子的时间状语、地点状语及原因状语。关系代词在定语从句中充当句子主语或谓语动词及介词的宾语。例:1. I can still remember the town where I was born. / I can remember the hospital in which I was born.2. Do you enjoy the holidays when you spent with your friends? / This book is about the years when the au
11、thors studied abroad. / I still remember the day on which I first met you.3. Do you know the reason why he hasnt been to the party last Friday?注意:1、先行词指人, 在句中作宾语, 关系词前又有介词时, 只用whomThis is the hero in whom we take pride. = This is the hero of whom we are proud. 这是我们引以为傲的英雄。- 即:prep + whom - The man t
12、o whom you spoke just now is our English teacher. 刚才和你讲话的那个人是我们的英语老师。2、先行词指物、时间、地点或原因, 在句中作宾语, 关系词前又有介词时, 只用which - This is the picture about which they talked at the gallery. 这就是他们在画廊里谈到的那幅画。I dont forget the house in which we have lived for ten years. = I dont forget the house where we have lived for ten years. 我不会忘记我们住了十年的房子。I dont know the reason for which he was late again. = I dont know the reason why he was late again.我不知他迟到的原因。She thinks of the days on which they studied together. 她想起了他们在一起学习的那些日子。