2022年中考英语名词讲解与练习 .docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名词表示人、事物、的方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词.学问梳理：提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点；一、名词的分类类别意义例词表示详细的人名、 事物、国家、可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_专出名词名的名、机构、团体等的专出名称Jim , China, Qingdao, theUK,the Great Wall可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可个体数名词名集合普词名词通表示单个人的人或事物表示一群人或一些事物的总称girl,student,factory, desk,cat , coun

2、try people,police,team, clothes,group, crew可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_不物质名可名词词词数抽象名名词词water,ice, pork,cheese,表示无法分为个体的物质cotton, broccolifun,healthy,happiness,表示抽象概念的词courage, love, care可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_注： 1.专出名词是指人、的方、团体、机构等特有的名称.第一个字母必需大写.专出名词前一般不加冠词.2、有一般名词构成的专出名词前要用定冠词“ the,”但它不大写.3、有些不行数名词有时

3、表示为详细的东西时,就变为可数名词,而且以四上也有了变化.eg. beer（） -a beer （）,work （） - a work（）glass（） -a glass（）,room （） -a room （）二、 名词的数：表示可以运算数目的人或物称为可数名词.1、可数名词有单、 复数两种形式： 可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或 an”.复数形式是在名词后加“-s或-es”.名词复数形式有规章变化和不规章变化两种,规章变化及其读音可依照下表：当名词为：词尾变化读音例词在清辅音后可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一般情形加 s以 s,x,ch,sh 结读/s/在浊辅音或 元

4、音后读 /z/chip s,jeeps, pats , clock sboys, sharpeners, sofas, drawer swatches, box es, classes,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_尾的单词加 es/iz/brushes可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_以字母o 结尾的单词以辅音字母+y加 s 或 es/z/zoos, photos, bamboos, tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,去 y 变 i可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_结尾的单词加 es/z/dictionar ies, stra

5、wberr ies,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_去 f 或 fe变 v 加/vz/leaves, wiv es, halv eses加 s/ez/; /z/mouths, paths; month s, deaths以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词以 th 结尾的词2. 可数名词复数的不规章变化转变单数名词中的元音字母eg. man-men, woman women, tooth teeth, foot feet, goose geese, mouse-mice单复数同形eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep

6、,由 man 和 woman 构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数eg. a man doctor men doctors, a woman teacher-women teachers可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -留意 : 有些名词表示一种物体具有不行分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式 eg. trousers, clothes,

7、glasses, shorts,scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数 其后的谓语动词要用单数.eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news3. 不行数名词：表示不能运算数目的人或物,称为不行数名词.他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式.物质名 词和抽象名词都属于不行数名词.不行数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特别用法:(1) 同一个词 ,变成复数形式, 意义不同. eg. food 食物 - foods（）,time 时间- times（）, green 绿色-greens 青菜(2) 有些不行数名词用复数代指详细的事物eg. hope

8、-hopes 期望hardship - hardships艰苦(3) 物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个 量词 +of 来表示eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, 三、名词的全部格名词的全部格是表示名词之间的全部关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+.s另一种是用of,表示“的”.1. 1 一般词的全部格, 直接在词尾+.s eg. Mr. Mott s robot, children s clothes可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_(2) 以 s 结尾的名词全部格只在词尾+ eg. tea

9、chers books(3) 两人共有的物体, 就在其次个名词后+ s;假如分别是两人全部, 就在每个名词后面+.seg.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Lucy and Lily s room指. Mrs Green s and Mrs Brown s 指son. (4) 表示某详细场所时, 全部格后面的名词可省略eg. the doctor s officeM r. Whites2.1没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系.eg. the wall of the classroom , a picture of the bedroom ,2名词的的定语较长时,有生命的

10、事物也可用of 短语表示.eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man(4) 双重全部格eg. the big nose of Tom s ._他的一个伴侣 (5) 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加s来构成全部格.eg. ten minutes walk, today s newspaper例题解析：举一反三,学的更轻松；1. They got much from those new books.A. ideasB. photosC. newsD. stories2. I have two and three bottles of he

11、re.A. orange, orangeB. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orangeD. orange, oranges3. Every evening M r. King takes a tohis home .A. 25 minutes walkB. 25 minutewalksC. 25 minute walkD. 25 minutes walk4. An old wants to see you.A. peopleB. personC. the peopleD. the person5. Help yourself to .A. chickens and

12、applesB. chickens and appleC. chicken and appleD. chicken and apples6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two .A. room s numberB. rooms numberC. room numbersD. rooms numbers7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second .A. familyB. houseC. homeD. room8. mothers couldn t go to the meeti

13、ng, because they have gone to Shanghai .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -A. Mary and Peter sB. Mary and PeterC. Mary s and PeterD. Mary s and Peters9. Li Lei has been to many times this mo

14、nth.A. her uncleB. her uncle sC. her unclesD. aunt s10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn t in teaching.A. many experiencesB. much experienceC. an experienceD. a lot experience11. A classmate of was here ten minutes ago.A. youB. yourC. your sisterD. your sisters12. A group of are talking with

15、two .A. Frenchmen, GermansB. Germans ,FrenchmansC. Frenchmans , GermenD. Germen , Frenchmen13. The team having a meeting .A. isB. areC. amD. be14. “ Would you lik_e . ” “ , please.”A. drink, Three coffeesB. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffeeD. a drink, Three cups of coffees15. The Great Wal

16、l was made not only by , but also the flesh and blood of men. A.earth and stone, millions ofB. earths and stones, millionsC. the earth and stone, million ofD. the earths and stones, millions练习与巩固：熟能生巧,取得好成果；挑选正确答案：1 Last night, there was a food accident. The were ill, but no were lost.A. child, live

17、sB. children, lifeC. children, livesD. child, life2. -This is a photo of when they were young.-OK, how happy they both looked.A. my father and motherB. my mother and fathersC. my mothers and fathersD.my fathers and my mother3. The new student is in , Grade Two.A. Class ThirdB. Third ClassC. Class Th

18、reeD. Three class4. Today is September 10th. Its Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. TeachersB. TeachersC. the TeachersD. Teachers5. The market isnt far from here. Its only bicycle ride.A. half an hoursB. half an hoursC. half an hourD. an hour and a half6. - What would you like to

19、drink, girls.- , please.A.Two cup of coffeeB. Two cups of coffeC. Two cups of coffeeD. Two cups of coffees7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for .A. funB. wishesC. interestD. thanks8. Some are flying kites near the river.A. childB. boyC. boysD. childs9. After the exam,

20、 well have holiday.A. two weeksB. two-weeksC. two weeksD. two weeks10. They are those bags.Please put them on the bus.A. visitorB. visitorsC. visitorsD. visitors 11.- How many workers are there in your factory.- There are two .A. hundredsB. hundredC. hundred ofD. hundreds of可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学

21、习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -12. -What do you think of the the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven.- It sounds really wonderful.A. subjectB. musicC. bookD. animal13. There is not enough in the corner for the fridge.

22、A. placeB. roomC. fieldD. ground14. comes from sheep and some people like eating itA. WoolB. PorkC. MuttonD. Milk15. If you dont take more , youll get fat.A. medicineB. lessonsC. photosD. exercise16. My school is about twenty walk from here.A. minuteB. minutesC. minutessD. minutes17. Mum, I have to

23、tell you.A. a good newsB. some good newsC. some good newesD. much good news18. Which is the to the post office.A. streetB. wayC. roadD. address19. I stayed at last Sunday.A. my unclesB. my unclesC. my unclesD. my uncles family20. Maths not easy to learn.A. areB. isC. amD. were冠词冠词分为不定冠词 a, an 和定冠词th

24、e学问梳理：提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点；一、不定冠词的用法1用与可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类：例如： She is a girl.Pass mean apple , please.2、指某人或某物,但不详细说明何人或何物.例如：A boy is waiting for you We work six days a week.3). 表示“一”这个数量 ,但数的概念没有one 剧烈 .例如 :We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow. I have a mouth , a nose, two eyes and two ears.4

25、). 用于某些固定的词组中.例如 :a few, a little, a lot of注: 用 a 仍是 an, 要看后面的词读音以辅音开头仍是以元音开头.二、定冠词的用法1) 特指某 些人或某 些物.例如 : the photo of the boy2) 指双方都知道的人或物.例如 :-Where are the new books, Jim.- They are on the small table.3) 指上文提过的人或物.例如 : Today he is making a machine.He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly

26、it like a plane.4). 用在世界上独一无二的事物前.例如 :The sun is bigger than the moon.5). 用在序数词或形容词最高级前.例如 :可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -The first truck is carrying a few baskets.The third one is carr

27、ying the fewest of all.6). 用在由一般名词构成的专出名词前.例如 :the Great Wallthe North Street Hospital7). 用在一些习惯用语中.例如 :in the morning afternoon, evening, on the leftrightat the end of三、不用冠词的情形1）在专出名词前和不行数名词前.例如： China, Grade Two, Bill Smith, milk2）名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词.例如：The letter is in he

28、r pocket.I think the shop is closed at this time of day.3）复数名词表示一类人或事物时.例如： My father and mother are teachers.I like cakes.4）在星期、月份、季节、节日前.例如： It is Sunday Monday, Tuesday, etc. Today is Mid-Autumn Day.It is cold in winter.5）在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前.例如： Uncle Wang likes making things.What colour are Mrs Green

29、s shoes.6）在三餐饭和球类运动的名称前.例如： He went to school after breakfast.Can you play basketball.注：在某些固定词组中,如：at home, by bus, go to school等的名词前不用冠词.冠词用法口诀一、定冠词的用法.特指双熟识,上文已提及.世上独无二,序数最高级.某些专出名,习语及乐器.以上口诀归纳了用定冠词的一般情形,即：特指某些人或物谈话双方都熟识的人或事上文已经提到的人或事世界上独一无二的事物前序数词回形容词最高级前某些专出名词前一些习惯短语（如：intheday 等）中和乐器前（如：playthe

30、violin/ piano ）.二、不用冠词的集中情形.以下情形应免冠,代词限定名词前.专出名词不行数,学科球类三餐饭.复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前.颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔.以上口诀主要概括了一般应“免冠”的几种情形,即：名词前已有作定语用的this 、that 、some、any、my 等限定词.专出名词和不行数名词前.表示学科的（如： maths 、Chinese 、physics ）名词前.球类活动的名词前及三餐总称前.复数名词表示泛指（一类人或事）时.节日、季节、星期、月份前.表示颜色（如：Itsred / yellow.）、语种（如：speak English/Japane

31、se）和国家的非全称名词（如：We live in China. They come from America.）.在称呼或表示头衔的名词前.某些习惯短语中（如：in bed、go to school等）.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -例题解析：举一反三,学的更轻松；1. milk is food. milk in this cup ha

32、s gone bad.2. -Do you like playing football.-Yes. But I have only basketball.3. Do you know girl on another side of lake.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4. There s “ u” and “ s ” in work“ use ”.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5. She says animals cant s live without air, either.6. His father, who is honest man, is t

33、eaching in university.7. Which is heavier, elephant or horse.8. cold wind was blowing from the north.9. He is always ready to help old and young.10. Greens are traveling in South China.11. Although most of us like to drink beer, those who drink most are 12.Xiaomei saw interesting film last night. fi

34、lm was about kind doctor.13. You can have second try if you fail first time.least healthy.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_14. Tom went toschool as usual, but he didn ktnow his father went to school for a parent meeting.15. knowledge begins with practice.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载