高一英语必修三第一单元重要知识点讲解重要词汇语法等88273.docx

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1、Unit 1重要单词，词组讲解1. mean的用法What do you mean to do with it I didnt mean to hurt you.1）mean to do意欲做This means staying here longer. Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 2）mean doing意味着做He is not meant for a teacher and will always be unhappy in the school.Be meant for 合适做他说他不合适读书因为懒。He says

2、 he _ a student for his laziness.这次考试失败意味着要再考一次。Failing this exam _ another one.我并不是有意迟到的。I didnt _ be late for school.2. celebrate vt.(1)庆贺；庆贺celebrate Christmas / ones birthday / a victory (胜利)(2)赞扬；称颂The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets.词语辨析：celebrate, congratulatecelebrate后常接日期,事

3、情或场合congratulate后常接人表示为某事而庆贺某人congratulate sb. on/upon sth. ex：congratulate you on your marriage. 有时还表示私自庆幸的意思。ex：I congratulated myself on my escape from being punished. 3. 英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物，不用于被动语态。主语为所发生的事。词语辨析：take place, happen, occur, come about, break out的比拟1） The wedding will take place to

4、morrow.2）In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China. take place发生,实行; 侧重支配或支配而发生的事,带有“非偶尔”的意思 3) What has happened to her？碰巧，恰好 happen “发生”，一般用词，含义很广。常指详细客观事物或状况的发生，含有“偶尔”的意味。 当以详细事物、事务作主语时，happen 和 occur可以换用；但当happen用作“碰巧”之意时，不能用occur代替，但可以与come about 互换。4) It happened to rain that day. 5) T

5、he traffic accident occurred on Wednesday. occur “发生，出现”,较正式用词，指事情偶尔地、意外地发生或思想突然浮在心头。occur to 有“想起”的意思。6) The Second World War broke out in 1939. break out (火灾、斗争、疾病)突然发生、爆发 7) How does it come about that you were caught by the police come about “发生”, 往往留意事情发生的缘由。且许多时候与how 连用。与happen 用法较接近 用take pla

6、ce , happen 和 come about 的正确形式填空1. The May 4th Movement _ in 1919.2. If anything _ to the machine, let me know at once.3. The opening day of the play _ tomorrow night.4. Can you tell me how it _4. starve: vt.使饿死 vi.饿得要死starve to death be starved of/ starve for: 渴望她很孤独，渴望友情：She is lonely, starving fo

7、r friendship.The motherless children were starved of/ were starving for affection. 渴望母爱他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死。他们正急需一大笔钱来完成工作。They got lost in the desert and _.They are _ a sum of money to finish their work.n. starvation 饿死：die of _5. a year/ day of plenty 富有/丰收的年月 days/ years of plenty Have we got enough apple

8、s Yes, there are plenty in the basket. plenty of +复数n/ 不行数n plenty of eggs/ food/milk 足够的6. honour1) 荣耀，荣誉(n) They fight for the honour of the country. One must show honour to ones parents.2) in honour of 为了纪念 A festival is set in honour of the hero.3) an hounour 荣耀的人或事情 Liu Xiang is an honour to ou

9、r country.4) 敬重,给以荣誉（v） Children should honour their parents. 7. satisfy Vt. Vi. 使满足，使满足Nothing can satisfy him except the best.Some people are really hard to satisfy.sb.be satisfied with 对满足e.g. Shes not satisfied with her new house.令人满足的： satisfying, satisfactory满足：satisfaction8. please Vt 使开心，取悅I

10、t is difficult to please everybody.Our aim is to please the customers.pleased (人) 兴奋的开心的Pleasing (物) 令人开心的pleasant (物) 好听的，令人舒适的pleasure 兴奋的事情听到她悦耳的声音我们很兴奋.We are _ to hear her _voice. It is such a _ to us.I was very _ to hear the news.The news was very _ to us.9. harm n 损害，损害e.g. He meant no harm t

11、o you. ( He didnt intend to hurt you.) do sb harm =do harm to sb=harm sbThe events has harmed the relations between the two countries. 10. They offer food, flowers and gift. 词语辨析：offer, provide, supply offer 主动供给。offer sth to sb; offer sb sthprovide 供给（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。 provide sth (for sb); provide sb

12、with sth.supply: 供给（所须要或所要求之物）。supply sth to sb; supply sb with sth When I meet difficulty, my roommates will_me help. 他们悬赏找回丧失的珠宝。 They_a reward for the return of the lost jewels. 政府得供给这些老人们吃穿。 The government need to_these old people with food and clothes. 每个月都得供给足够的电。 Electricity should be _enough

13、 every month. 11. in memory of = to the memory of sb The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.in honor of in charge of in search of sb. / sth. 12. dress up 盛装装扮，扮装装扮 You dont have to dress up. Come as you are.Children love dressing up in Halloween.dress oneself 给某人自己穿衣dress sb 给某人穿衣服你相

14、识穿着白色裙子的那个女孩吗？Do you know the girl who is dressed in a white skirtDo you know the girl who is wearing a white skirtDo you know the girl who has on a white skirt选词填空：wear dress have on put on1. My daughter is now able to herself.2. Mr. Wu always a blue coat in Winter.3.Xiao Wang a white shirt today.4

15、.I like to my hat when I go out in Winter.13. award n. 奖品，奖项，奖金, 助学金 She showed us the awards she had won.Mary got an award and was able to finish her study.vt. 授予裁定award sb sth= award sth to sb The judges awarded both teams equal points.reward 回报,酬劳他因为努力学习而受奖。他用100块钱答谢这个工人。He _ for studying hard.He

16、 _ the worker with 100 yuan.14. admire sb/sth (for ) 敬佩，艳羡 They admired our garden. I admire him for his success in business.我们都敬佩他的志气和胆识。We all _his courage and bravery.admiration 名词 admirable 形容词15. look forward to(介词) + n/ v-ing 渴望，期盼Im looking forward to his coming.以下短语中的to也为介词，后面加doing，而不是dopay

17、 attention to 留意 devoteto 致力于prefer to 更加喜爱 get down to 开场做be used to 习惯于 -ward 向着方向 backward 向后 forward 向前16. as though= as if 似乎，仿佛1. 虚拟语气(从句所用的时态比前面真实句所用的时态倒退一个时态.)He behaved as if/ though nothing had happened.He talks as if/though he knew everything.He looks as if he were ill.2. 陈述语气（表示很可能的事实就用陈

18、述语气,)It looks as if/ though it is going to rain.1.）他向我招手似乎有事情告知我。He waved to me as if to tell me something.2.） 这女孩环顾四周似乎在找什么东西。The girl looked around as if in search of something.3.) 他说起来似乎他是一个专家似的。He talks as if he _ an expert.4.) 他英语讲得很流利，就像在英国学的一样。He spoke English so fluently as if he _ it in Eng

19、land.5.) 看起来我们对要赢了。It looks as if our team _.17. turn up1) appear 出现,露面 他到目前还没有出现。He _so far.你总是迟到!(做事渐渐吞吞的)Youre always _ late for everything!2)调大声音，把.开大点儿请把火调大一点。Please _ the fire.相关短语:turn down 关小，回绝turn off 关掉turn on 翻开 turn out 结果是turn to sb. for help 向某人求助18. keep ones word 守信誉, 遵守诺言 break one

20、s word 违反诺言in a word 简言之 in other words 换句话说 have a word with sb. 与某人交谈 have words with sb. (about sth.) 关于某事与某人争吵 我想和你谈一下。Id like to _ with you.A gentleman should always _ his _.A. keeps; wordB. keep; wordC. keeps; wordsD. keep; words19. hold ones breath 屏息当那个女孩看到那条蛇的时候，她屏住呼吸。The girl _ at the sigh

21、t of the snake. take breath 呼吸lose ones breath= be out of breath 喘不过气来breathe v. breath n.When we got to the top of the mountain, we were nearly _. A. under our breath B. lost our breath C. caught our breath D. out of breath20. apologize 致歉 apologize to sb for (doing) sth = say sorry to sb for doing

22、 sth你必需为你的粗鲁行为向教师致歉。You must apologize _ the teacher _ being so rude. apology n.make an apology to sb for (doing) sth.21. drown (drowned, drowned )浸、泡, 沉没,淹死洪水沉没了街道和房子。The floods _ the streets and houses.借 消愁 drown ones sorrow/sadness indrown ones sorrow/sadness in coffeeFrank tried to save the _ gi

23、rl in the river, but unfortunately he was _.A. drowned; drowning B. drowning; drownedC. drowned; drowned D. drowning; drowning22. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. obvious adj. 明显的， 清晰的It + be + obvious +that-clauseIt was obvious that she was in dan

24、ger.23. wipe (wiped, wiped)Vt 擦，擦去 wipe off抹掉，擦掉 wipe up擦干净，歼灭The students on duty _ the blackboard during break.A. Wiped the words off B. washed C. Cleaned D. A and Cclean the blackboard wipe the words off the blackboard 24. remind sb. of sth 提示某人某事 remind sb. to do sth remind sb. that1) 他提示我那个承诺。H

25、e reminded me of my promise.2) 他提示我要早起。He reminded me to get up early.3) 他提示我本应当当心点。He reminded that I should have been more careful.25. As Li Fang set off for home, he thought.set off: 动身, 动身; (侧重去某一个地方）； 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸; Tom and his father set off for America yesterday. The bomb set off among the crowd

26、.相关短语： set about doing sth. =set out to do sth 着手（做某事）26. 用custom, practice 和 habit1） I have the _ of getting up early.2） It is the _ for the Japanese to take off their shoes when they get into a hall.3） Social _ differ from country to country.4） He makes a _ of cheating at examinations.5） We should

27、 pay _ when we import from abroad.#.custom 指传统风俗、风俗，也可指生活习惯，后接不定式。#.practice 风俗，惯例; 与custom近义，但含贬义。make a practice of 惯常做某事。#.habit 生活习惯，后接of doing, 不行接不定式。选词填空：worldwide/ permission/ apologize/ drown/sadness/ wipe/weep / forgive/ obvious/ turn up/ keep ones word/ hold ones breath/ set off/ remindof

28、1) You shouldnt tell such lies.2) They entered the area without .3) The poor man is his sorrows.4) His fame is .5) The man should to you for knocking you down.6) He cant himself for not seeing his mother before she died.7) He is always waiting for something to .8) The children are fireworks in the g

29、arden.9) You may depend on what he says, for he is a person who always .10) The race was so close that everyone was at the finish.11) The film him what he had seen in China.选用下列单词的正确形式填空：ancestor belief gather agricultural admire award starve mean1. She has been a_ a scholarship to study at Harvard.

30、2. The a_of whom I am proudest is my great grandfather.3. When a boy leaves college and begins to earn money, he can live a life of i_.4. Dark clouds were g_in the sky. Heavy rain would come soon.5. I like to take some e_ exercise at weekends.6. A_ in this country has developed greatly after liberat

31、ion.用下列短语造句：in memory of dress up as if play a trick on look forward to day and night have fun with1. A celebration was held _ (为了纪念这位闻名的作家).2. Children love _ (装扮) .3. The naughty students _ (正在和他们的教师玩恶作剧).4. I am _ (渴望着见到他 ).5. The three men took turns driving the truck, and _ (他们夜以继日地驾驶了三天).6. It

32、 looks _ _ (似乎他们都很焦急).7. At the Spring Festival in China, people love to get together to eat, drink and _ (彼此都玩得很快乐).语法：情态动词情态助动词有十三个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 情态动词的语法特征1）情态动词不能单独做谓语，除ought 和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。 2）情态动词没有人称，数的改变，但有些情态动词，如

33、can、will也有一般式和过去式的改变。3）情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区分的主要标记，不少状况下，情态动词的如今式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示如今时间、过去时间和将来时间。can, could 和be able to的用法1.can, be able to都可表示“实力”Can的主语是人或物,be able to的主语是人 She can/be able to sing the song in English.This machine can make you feel comfortable.2.can只用于如今式和过去式(could)。beableto可以用于各种时态。 Well

34、be able to finish the work soon.I havent been able to see the film.could用于表示泛指过去的实力。如： IcouldreadwhenIwasfour. Although the soldier was badly wounded, he was able to tell what had happened.She ran fast but she couldnt /wasnt able to catch the bus.3.表示特定的某一过去实力或表示胜利地做了某事时，只能用was/wereableto，不能用could。

35、HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout. Hewasabletoswimhalfwaybeforehegottired. 4.could不表示时态 ,表示委婉的恳求，（留意在答复中不行用could）。 Could I have a look at your notebookYes, you can./No,youcant. 5.表示“惊异,疑心,不信任”的看法(主要用于否认句,疑问句和感慨句中)Can this news be trueHow can you be so foolish It cant be Mary. She has fallen

36、ill.6.表示推想，译为“可能、或许”，can常用于否认句(意思是不行能已经)和疑问句；could除用于否认句及疑问句外,还可用于确定句(意思是那时可能;原来可以)。Linda didnt catch the train. She could have caught it. Dontworry. Theycouldhavejustforgottentophone. may和might 1. may和might 用于一般问句中表示委婉的恳求,确定答复用may,否认用mustnt-May I use your pencil-Yes, you may./ No, you mustnt.2. may

37、和might表示“可能性”, may/might + v 指如今或将来可能发生的动作状况。might示意的可能性更小 She may not be working now. John might be at home now.3.对过去发生的事情的可能性作出推断用may/might have done,用might比用may的可能性更小 She may/might have gone to the cinema. They may/might not have received our telephone.4.may放在句首祈使句，表示祝福。 May you succeed! MayGodbl

38、essyou! Will 和 would1.will和would表示意愿、意志，可用于各种人称If you will help me with my English, I will be very happy. I promised that I would do my best.2.在疑问句中,will用于第二人称,表示恳求或征求意见,would则语气更委婉Will you tell him the news as soon as he comes back？ Would you please speak again more slowly？shall ,should 和ought to1.

39、shall用于第二、三人称表示承诺、警告、吩咐、决心等。You shall do as I say. (吩咐) Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. (承诺) Nothing shall stop me doing it. (决心) 2.在疑问句中,用于第一、三人称，用来表示恳求或征求意见。Shall I open the window for you？（征求意见） Shall he fetch some water for you？（恳求）3. should常表示劝说、建议、吩咐，与ought to意义相近，但ought to多表示责任

40、、义务，语气剧烈。在疑问句中通常用should代替ought to。Young people should learn how to use computers. Every citizen ought to obey law. You ought not to go.4.should/ought to have done表示责怪或指责,意为“本应当做到但没有做到”,用于否认则表示“本不该但”ought to的语气更剧烈.You should/ought to have told her the truth earlier. She shouldnt have left without say

41、ing a word.must 和haveto1.Must用于一般问句中,确定答复用must否认式用neednt或dont have to，做“不必”,mustnt表示“制止，不允许” MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime Yes, you must. No,youneednt. Youmustntgetdownwhilethecarisstillmoving. 2.表示“必需”这个意思时，must和haveto稍有区分。must着重说明主观看法，haveto强调客观须要。另外，haveto能用于更多时态。 I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one.