高一英语必修三第一单元重要知识点讲解(重要词汇-语法等)-百..doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date高一英语必修三第一单元重要知识点讲解(重要词汇-语法等)-百.高一英语必修三第一单元重要知识点讲解(重要词汇-语法等)-百.Unit 1重要单词,词组讲解1. mean的用法What do you mean to do with it? I didnt mean to hurt you.1mean to do意欲做This means staying here lon

2、ger.Missing the train means waiting for another hour.2mean doing意味着做He is not meant for a teacher and will always be unhappy in the school.Be meant for 适合做他说他不适合读书因为懒。He says he _ a student for his laziness.这次考试失败意味着要再考一次。Failing this exam _ another one.我并不是故意迟到的。I didnt _ be late for school.2. cele

3、brate vt.(1 庆祝;祝贺celebrate Christmas / ones birthday / a victory (成功(2 赞扬;称颂The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets.词语辨析:celebrate, congratulatecelebrate后常接日期,事情或场合congratulate后常接人表示为某事而祝贺某人congratulate sb. on/upon sth.ex:congratulate you on your marriage.有时还表示私自庆幸的意思。ex:I congratulated

4、 myself on my escape from being punished.3. 英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物,不用于被动语态。主语为所发生的事。词语辨析:take place, happen, occur, come about, break out的比较1The wedding will take place tomorrow.2In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China.take place发生,举行; 侧重安排或计划而发生的事,带有“非偶然”的意思3 What has happened to her?碰巧,恰好ha

5、ppen “发生”,普通用词,含义很广。常指具体客观事物或情况的发生,含有“偶然”的意味。当以具体事物、事件作主语时,happen 和occur可以换用;但当happen用作“碰巧”之意时,不能用occur代替,但可以与come about 互换。4 It happened to rain that day.5 The traffic accident occurred on Wednesday.occur “发生,出现”,较正式用词,指事情偶然地、意外地发生或思想突然浮在心头。occur to 有“想起”的意思。6 The Second World War broke out in 1939

6、.break out (火灾、战争、疾病突然发生、爆发7 How does it come about that you were caught by the police?come about “发生”, 往往注重事情发生的原因。且很多时候与how 连用。与happen 用法较接近用take place , happen 和come about 的正确形式填空1.The May 4th Movement _ in 1919.2.If anything _ to the machine, let me know at once.3.The opening day of the play _ t

7、omorrow night.4.Can you tell me how it _?4. starve: vt.使饿死vi.饿得要死starve to deathbe starved of/ starve for: 渴望她很寂寞,渴望友谊:She is lonely, starving for friendship.The motherless children were starved of/ were starving for affection. 渴望母爱他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死。他们正急需一大笔钱来完成工作。They got lost in the desert and _.They ar

8、e _ a sum of money to finish their work.n. starvation饿死:die of _5. a year/ day of plenty 富裕/丰收的年月days/ years of plentyHave we got enough apples?Yes, there are plenty in the basket.plenty of +复数n/ 不可数nplenty of eggs/ food/milk 足够的6. honour1 光荣,荣誉(nThey fight for the honour of the country.One must sho

9、w honour to ones p arents.2 in honour of 为了纪念A festival is set in honour of the hero.3 an hounour 光荣的人或事情Liu Xiang is an honour to our country.4 尊敬,给以荣誉(vChildren should honour their parents.7. satisfy Vt. Vi. 使满意,使满足Nothing can satisfy him except the best.Some people are really hard to satisfy.sb.b

10、e satisfied with 对满意e.g. Shes not satisfied with her new house.令人满意的:satisfying, satisfactory满意:satisfaction8. please Vt 使愉快,取悅It is difficult to please everybody.Our aim is to please the customers.pleased (人 高兴的愉快的Pleasing (物 令人愉快的pleasant (物 好听的,令人舒服的pleasure 高兴的事情听到她悦耳的声音我们很高兴.We are _ to hear he

11、r _voice. It is such a _ to us.I was very _ to hear the news.The news was very _ to us.9. harm n 损害,伤害e.g. He meant no harm to you.( He didnt intend to hurt you.do sb harm =do harm to sb=harm sbThe events has harmed the relations between the two countries.10. They offer food, flowers and gift.词语辨析:o

12、ffer, provide, supplyoffer 主动提供。offer sth to sb; offer sb sthprovide 供给(所需物,尤指生活必需品。provide sth (for sb; provide sb with sth.supply: 供应(所需要或所要求之物。supply sth to sb; supply sb with sthWhen I meet difficulty, my roommates will_me help.他们悬赏找回丢失的珠宝。They_a reward for the return of the lost jewels.政府得提供这些老

13、人们吃穿。The government need to_these old people with food and clothes.每个月都得供应足够的电。Electricity should be _enough every month.11. in memory of = to the memory of sbThe museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.in honor of in charge ofin search of sb. / sth.12.dress up 盛装打扮,化装打扮You dont have to d

14、ress up. Come as you are.Children love dressing up in Halloween.dress oneself 给某人自己穿衣dress sb 给某人穿衣服你认识穿着白色裙子的那个女孩吗?Do you know the girl who is dressed in a white skirt?Do you know the girl who is wearing a white skirt?Do you know the girl who has on a white skirt?选词填空:wear dress have on put on1.My

15、daughter is now able to herself.2.Mr. Wu always a blue coat in Winter.3.Xiao Wang a white shirt today.4.I like to my hat when I go out in Winter.13. awardn. 奖品,奖项,奖金, 助学金She showed us the awards she had won.Mary got an award and was able to finish her study.vt. 授予裁定award sb sth= award sth to sbThe j

16、udges awarded both teams equal points.reward 回报,报酬他因为努力学习而受奖。他用100块钱酬谢这个工人。He _ for studying hard.He _ the worker with 100 yuan.14. admire sb/sth (for 钦佩,羡慕They admired our garden.I admire him for his success in business.我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。We all _his courage and bravery.admiration 名词admirable 形容词15. look

17、 forward to(介词 + n/ v-ing 盼望,期待Im looking forward to his coming.以下短语中的to也为介词,后面加doing,而不是dopay attention to 注意devoteto 致力于prefer to 更加喜欢get down to 开始做be used to 习惯于-ward 向着方向backward 向后forward 向前16. as though= as if 好像,仿佛1.虚拟语气(从句所用的时态比前面真实句所用的时态倒退一个时态. He behaved as if/ though nothing had happened

18、.He talks as if/though he knew everything.He looks as if he were ill.2. 陈述语气(表示很可能的事实就用陈述语气,It looks as if/ though it is going to rain.1.他向我招手好像有事情告诉我。He waved to me as if to tell me something.2.这女孩环顾四周好像在找什么东西。The girl looked around as if in search of something.3. 他说起来好像他是一个专家似的。He talks as if he _

19、 an expert.4. 他英语讲得很流利,就像在英国学的一样。He spoke English so fluently as if he _ it in England.5. 看起来我们对要赢了。It looks as if our team _.17. turn up1 appear 出现,露面他到目前还没有出现。He _so far.你总是迟到!(做事慢慢吞吞的Youre always _ late for everything!2调大声音,把.开大点儿请把火调大一点。Please _ the fire.相关短语:turn down 关小,拒绝turn off 关掉turn on 打开

20、turn out 结果是turn to sb. for help 向某人求助18.keep ones word 守信用, 遵守诺言break ones word 违背诺言in a word 简言之in other words 换句话说have a word with sb. 与某人交谈have words with sb. (about sth. 关于某事与某人争吵我想和你谈一下。Id like to _ with you.A gentleman should always _ his _.A. keeps; wordB. keep; wordC. keeps; wordsD. keep; w

21、ords19. hold ones breath 屏息当那个女孩看到那条蛇的时候,她屏住呼吸。The girl _ at the sight of the snake.take breath 呼吸lose ones breath= be out of breath 喘不过气来breathe v. breath n.When we got to the top of the mountain, we were nearly _. A. under our breath B. lost our breath C. caught our breath D. out of breath20. apol

22、ogize 道歉apologize to sb for (doing sth= say sorry to sb for doing sth你必须为你的粗鲁行为向老师道歉。You must apologize _ the teacher _ being so rude.apology n.make an apology to sb for (doing sth.21. drown (drowned, drowned 浸、泡, 淹没,淹死洪水淹没了街道和房子。The floods _ the streets and houses.借 消愁drown ones sorrow/sadness indr

23、own ones sorrow/sadness in coffeeFrank tried to save the _ girl in the river, but unfortunately he was _.A. drowned; drowningB. drowning; drownedC. drowned; drownedD. drowning; drowning22. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.obvious adj. 明显的,清楚的It + be

24、 + obvious +that-clauseIt was obvious that she was in danger.23. wipe (wiped, wipedVt 擦,擦去wipe off抹掉,擦掉wipe up擦干净,歼灭The students on duty _ the blackboard during break.A.Wiped the words offB. washedC. CleanedD. A and Cclean the blackboardwipe the words off the blackboard24. remind sb. of sth 提醒某人某事re

25、mind sb. to do sthremind sb. that1 他提醒我那个承诺。He reminded me of my promise.2 他提醒我要早起。He reminded me to get up early.3 他提醒我本应该小心点。He reminded that I should have been more careful.25. As Li Fang set off for home, he thought.set off: 动身, 出发; (侧重去某一个地方;使(地雷、炸弹爆炸;Tom and his father set off for America yest

26、erday.The bomb set off among the crowd.相关短语:set about doing sth.=set out to do sth 着手(做某事26. 用custom, practice 和habit1I have the _ of getting up early.2It is the _ for the Japanese to take off their shoes when they get into a hall.3Social _ differ from country to country.4He makes a _ of cheating at

27、 examinations.5We should pay _ when we import from abroad.#.custom 指传统风俗、习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接不定式。#.practice 习俗,惯例; 与custom近义,但含贬义。make a practice of 惯常做某事。#.habit 生活习惯,后接of doing, 不可接不定式。选词填空:worldwide/ permission/ apologize/ drown/sadness/ wipe/weep / forgive/ obvious/ turn up/ keep ones word/ hold ones b

28、reath/ set off/ remindof1 You shouldnt tell such lies.2 They entered the area without .3 The poor man is his sorrows.4 His fame is .5 The man should to you for knocking you down.6 He cant himself for not seeing his mother before she died.7 He is always waiting for something to .8 The children are fi

29、reworks in the garden.9 You may depend on what he says, for he is a person who always .10 The race was so close that everyone was at the finish.11 The film him what he had seen in China.选用下列单词的正确形式填空:ancestor belief gather agricultural admireaward starve mean1.She has been a_ a scholarship to study

30、at Harvard.2. The a_of whom I am proudest is my great grandfather.3. When a boy leaves college and begins to earn money, he can live a life of i_.4. Dark clouds were g_in the sky. Heavy rain would come soon.5. I like to take some e_ exercise at weekends.6. A_ in this country has developed greatly af

31、ter liberation.用下列短语造句:in memory of dress up as if play a trick on look forward to day and night have fun with1. A celebration was held _ (为了纪念这位著名的作家.2. Children love _ (打扮 .3. The naughty students _ (正在和他们的老师玩恶作剧.4. I am _ (盼望着见到他.5. The three men took turns driving the truck, and _ (他们夜以继日地驾驶了三天.

32、6. It looks _ _ (好像他们都很着急.7. At the Spring Festival in China, people love to get together to eat, drink and _ (彼此都玩得很开心.语法:情态动词情态助动词有十三个:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.情态动词的语法特征1情态动词不能单独做谓语,除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。2情态动词没有人称,数的变化,但有些情态动词,

33、如can、will也有一般式和过去式的变化。3情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志,不少情况下,情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。can, could 和be able to的用法1.can, be able to都可表示“能力”Can的主语是人或物,be able to的主语是人She can/be able to sing the song in English.This machine can make you feel comfortable.2.can只用于现在式和过去式(could。be able to可以用于各种时态。Well b

34、e able to finish the work soon.I havent been able to see the film.could用于表示泛指过去的能力。如:I could read when I was four.Although the soldier was badly wounded, he was able to tell what had happened.She ran fast but she couldnt /wasnt able to catch the bus.3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to,不能用co

35、uld。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.He was able to swim halfway before he got tired.4.could不表示时态,表示委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could。Could I have a look at your notebook?Yes, you can./No, you cant.5.表示“惊异,怀疑,不相信”的态度(主要用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中Can this news be true?How can you be so foolish?It cant be M

36、ary. She has fallen ill.6.表示推测,译为“可能、或许”,can常用于否定句(意思是不可能已经和疑问句;could 除用于否定句及疑问句外,还可用于肯定句(意思是那时可能;本来可以。Linda didnt catch the train. She could have caught it.Dont worry. They could have just forgotten to phone.may和might1. may和might 用于一般问句中表示委婉的请求,肯定回答用may,否定用mustnt-May I use your pencil?-Yes, you may

37、./ No, you mustnt.2. may和might表示“可能性”, may/might + v 指现在或将来可能发生的动作情况。might暗示的可能性更小She may not be working now. John might be at home now.3.对过去发生的事情的可能性作出判断用may/might have done,用might比用may的可能性更小She may/might have gone to the cinema.They may/might not have received our telephone.4.may 放在句首祈使句,表示祝愿。May

38、you succeed! May God bless you!Will 和would1.will和would表示意愿、意志,可用于各种人称If you will help me with my English, I will be very happy.I promised that I would do my best.2.在疑问句中,will用于第二人称,表示请求或征求意见,would则语气更委婉Will you tell him the news as soon as he comes back?Would you please speak again more slowly?shall

39、 ,should 和ought to1.shall用于第二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。You shall do as I say. (命令Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. (允诺Nothing shall stop me doing it. (决心2.在疑问句中,用于第一、三人称,用来表示请求或征求意见。Shall I open the window for you?(征求意见Shall he fetch some water for you?(请求3. should常表示劝告、建议、命令,与ought to意义相近,但ou

40、ght to多表示责任、义务,语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用should代替ought to。Young people should learn how to use computers. Every citizen ought to obey law. You ought not to go.4.should/ought to have done表示责备或批评,意为“本应该做到但没有做到”,用于否定则表示“本不该但”ought to的语气更强烈.You should/ought to have told her the truth earlier.She shouldnt have left w

41、ithout saying a word.must和have to1.Must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用neednt或dont have to,做“不必”,mustnt 表示“禁止,不允许” Must I finish all assignments at a time?Yes, you must.No, you neednt.You mustnt get down while the car is still moving.2.表示“必须”这个意思时,must 和have to 稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法,have to 强调客观需要。另外,have to 能用于更多

42、时态。I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.3.must表示对某人某事的猜测,作“准是”,“一定” ,一般用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用must have doneYou must be the new teacher.He must be joking. There is nobody here. They must have all gone home.4. Must表示“偏要,硬要”,指做令人不快的事情He must come a

43、nd worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the dinner. Of course,after I gave her my advice,she must go and do the opposite。EXERCISES1.-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.-It _a comfortable journey. ( A. cant beB. mustnt have beenC. shouldnt

44、 beD. couldnt have been2.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. ( A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to3. Peter _ come with us tonigh t, but he isnt very sure.A.mustB. canC. mayD. will4. - Could I call you by your first name? - Yes, you_.A. will B. could C. can D. might 5. Sorry, I m late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will 6.-Excuse me, but I want to use y