14初一英语语法知识点总结复习超详细.docx

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1、课时一教学任务一、 重点语法1. 动词be（am,is,are）的用法：be动词包括“am”, “is”, “are”三种形式。第一人称单数(I)协作am来用。句型解析析：I am+第二人称(You)协作are运用。句型解析：You are+第三人称单数(He or She or It)协作is运用。句型解析：She(He, It) is +人称复数 (we /you/they)协作are运用。句型解析：We (You, They) are +例句 We are in Class 5,Grade 7.They are my friends.You are good students.用法口诀：

2、我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否认，更简洁，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须留意，句首大写莫遗忘。一. 用括号中适当的词填空。1. I _(am, are, is) from Australia.2. She _ (am, are, is) a student.3. Jane and Tom _(am, is, are) my friends.4. My parents _ (am, is, are) very busy every day.5. _ (Are, Is,

3、Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York6. _ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news7. There _ (be) some glasses on it.8. If he _ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us.一、用be 动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4

4、. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom 6. Where _ your mother She _ at home. 7. How _ your father 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this 10. Whose socks _ they 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14.Here _ a scarf for you.

5、 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao shans shirt _ over there. 第二课时（1）英语人称代词和物主代词一、人称代词表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变更，见下表：人

6、称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too. We/You/They are students.人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。Give it to me. Lets go (lets =let us)二、物主代词表示全部关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词全部格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人称和数的变更见下表。数人称类

7、别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他（她、它）们的形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如：Is this your book No,，it isnt， its hers(her book)This pen is mine.代词练习（一）一、选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打

8、勾。1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）.3. （He / His）name is Mark. 4. Whats（she / her）name5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li7. （I/ My）am Ben. 8. （She / Her）is my sister.9. Fine , thank （your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）二、用所给代词的正确形式填空。1. These are _ ( he ) brother

9、s.2. That is _( she ) sister.3. Lily is _ ( Lucy ) sister.4. Tom, this is _ ( me ) cousin, Mary.5. Now _(her parent) are in America.6. Those _ ( child ) are _ ( I ) fathers students.7. Do you know _ ( it ) name8. Mike and Tom _ ( be ) friends.9. Thanks for helping _( I ).10. _(Ann安)mother is _(we) t

10、eacher.三、单项选择。（ ）1. My family _ a big family. My family _all here.A. is, is B. are, areC. is, areD. are, is（ ）2. This is _. A. a picture of familyB. a picture of my familyC. a familys pictureD. a family of my picture（ ）3. Lets _ good friends.A. beB. areC. isD. am（ ）4. Is she your aunt Yes, _.A. shes

11、B. her isC. she isD. he is（ ）5. Are _ coats yours Yes, they are .A. theyB. theseC. thisD. there（ ）6. Is that _ uncle No, it isntA. heB. sheC. herD. hers（ ）7. Mrs. Green is _ grandmother. A. Jim and KateB. Jim and Kates C. Jims and KatesD. Jim and Kates（ ）8. Do you know the name _Mr. Greens sonA. inB

12、. ofC. onD. or（ ）9. _ the great photo of your family. A. thank forB. Thanks for C. Thank for D. thanks for（ ）10. Are those your friends _. A. Yes, theyreB. No, they are C. Yes, they are D. Yes, those are代词练习（二）一、用适当的代词填空1We like _ (he, his , him) very much.2Is this guitar _ (you, your, yours)3_(She,

13、 Her, Hers) name is Li Li.4Father bought a desk for _ (I, my, me, mine).5_ (It, Its, Its) is very cold today.6Is this your book, MikeYes ,_(we, you, they )are.7Are you and Tom classmatesYes, _(we, you ,they )are.8Each of the students _( have, has) a pen pal.9He has a dog. I want to have _(it, one ),

14、too.10Her parents are _ (both, all ,either )teachers.11The text is easy for you .There are _( few, a few ,little, a little) new words in it .12I want _( some, any) bananas. Give me these big _(one, ones).二、选择正确的答案1Is this _ bookAyou BI Cshe Dyour2Its a bird. _ name is Polly.AIts BIts CHis DIt3Whats

15、that _ a jeep.AitsBIts CItsDits4Whats that in English _.AIts eggBThats egg CIts a eggDIts an egg5Whose cat is this Is it yours Is it a white _Acats Bone ConesDcats6Please give the book to _.AI Bme Cmy Dmine7_skirt is yoursAWhose BWhere CHow DWhich8_ is this pen Its Wang Fangs.AWhos BWhose CWhere DWh

16、ich9Kate and Mike do _ homework in the evening.Aones Bhis Cher Dtheir10There isnt _ water in the bottle.Aany Bsome CnoDa 课时二（2）简洁句一 陈述句 陈述句的否认构造：陈述句的否认式主要用两种构造来表达：（1）句子的谓语动词为be , have 或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时，其否认构造为：主语+谓语动词/助动词/情态动词 + not + 其他成分 I am not a teacher. 我不是教师。We have not (havent) any books on an

17、imals. 我们没有任何有关动物方面的书。 The children are not (arent) playing in the playground. 孩子们没在操场上玩。 He will not (wont) come. 他不会来。We must not (mustnt) forget the past. 我们不能遗忘过去。 It could not (couldnt) be lost. 它不行能丢的。（2） 当句子的谓语动词是do (即行为动词)，而且没有助动词或情态动词时，其否认构造为：主语+do (does,did) + not + 动词原形 + 其他成分You do not (

18、dont) come here every day . 你没有每天都来这里。 He does not (doesnt) teach this class . 他不教这个班。They did not(didnt) watch TV last night . 昨晚他们没看电视。留意：陈述句的语调一般用降调。但在表示疑问的语气时，用升调，在书面上要用问号来表示。You really want to go to Hong Kong 你真的想去香港吗？这句话表示的是一种疑问，只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的二 疑问句 疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子，句末用问号“？”。常考的疑问句有四类，即：一般疑

19、问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。第一节 一般疑问句一般疑问句通常须要用yes 或no 来答复，所以又叫做“是非疑问句”。在读这种句子时要用升调。一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型： 1、“be + 主语 + 表语”构造 Are you sleepy 你困了吗？ Yes, I am . 是的，我困了。 3、“情态动词 + 主语言+ 行为动词（或be）”构造 May/Can I use the telephone 我能用这部 吗？ Yes, you can. 是的，可以。 5、“助动词（do, does, did）+ 主语 + 行为动词”构造 Do you like swimming in s

20、ummer 你喜爱夏天游泳吗？ No, I dont . 不，我不喜爱。难点提示答复否认性一般疑问句时，要在Yes 后面用确定构造，表示确定；在No 后面用否认构造，表示否认。留意在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反。窍门是在答复的时候，只要把它当成没有加否认形式的一般一般疑问句对待就可以了。留意下面例句的答复和它的意思。 Is he not your elder brother 他不是你的哥哥吗？ Yes, he is . 不，他是（我的哥哥）。No, he is not. 是的，他不是（我的哥哥）。 Isnt she very clever 她莫非不是很聪慧吗？ Yes, she is. 不，她很聪

21、慧。 No, she is not . 是，她不聪慧。第二节 特殊疑问句一、特殊疑问句是用来提出来特定问题的疑问句，要求听到问题的人针对特定状况来做详细的答复，不能像一般疑问句一样简洁地用Yes 或No 来答复，特殊疑问句要用降调来读。 二、特殊疑问句的构造：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句Who do English homework in the evening谁晚上做英语家庭作业？ What do you do in the evening你晚上做什么？What homework do you do in the evening你晚上做什么家庭作业？When do you do English

22、 homework你什么时候做英语家庭作业？三、留意：对人提问时who“谁”对所属（谁的）提问用whose“谁的” 对哪一个提问用which“哪一个”对时间提问用when“什么时候”或what time“几点” 对物体提问用what“什么” 对地点提问用where“哪里” 对缘由提问用why“为什么” 对方式提问用how“怎么样” 对数量提问用how many“多少”（用于可数名词复数）或how much“多少”（用于不行数名词）四、难点提示1、 以why开头的特殊疑问句否认形式常用于表示建议、恳求等。 Why dont you have a try 你为什么不试试呢？2、 特殊疑问句常用到一

23、些缩略形式，在平常学习中要留意习惯这些用法。I dont want to go there. How about you 我不想去那儿，你呢？ But what else 可是还有什么呢？把下列句子变成否认句：1. I am listening to music. _ 2. Mike is a student. _3Sarah can clean the classroom. _ 4. They are in the zoo. _ 5. There are some flowers in the vase._6. This is my sister. _ 7. We are sweeping

24、the floor._8. We need some masks. _9. They like making the puppet. _ 10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house._11. I put a book on my head._ 12. They sing “In the classroom” together._ 13. We play basketball on Sundays._ 14. Tom likes listening to music_ 确定句改一般疑问句的方法确定句改一般疑问句的方法确定句改一般疑问句的方法确定句改一般疑

25、问句的方法三步法1. 有be动词/情态动词：be动词/情态动词提到句首，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用问号。2. 无be动词/情态动词，在句首加Do/Does/Did，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用问号。 3. 加Does、did 的句子留意，句子动词要变成原型。 例如： 陈述句: They are in the park. He can play the guitar. 一般疑问句: Are they in the park Can he play the guitar 陈述句: I like the ducks. He likes the

26、 dogs. 一般疑问句： Do you like the ducks Does he like the dogs 把下列句子变成一般疑问句 1. I am listening to music. _2. Mike is a student. _ 3. Sarah can clean the classroom._4. They are in the zoo. _ 5. There are some flowers in the vase._6. This is my sister. _7. We are sweeping the floor._8. We need some masks. _

27、 9. They like making the puppet. _ 10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house._ 11. I put a book on my head._ 12. They sing “In the classroom” together._ 13. We play basketball on Sundays._ 14. Tom likes listening to music_关于特殊疑问词1、依据划线局部确定是什么疑问词, 后面写原句变成的一般疑问句，句末问号。 2、how many后必需先写物品，再写一般疑问句等。1、A:

28、_ is the boy in blue B:Hes Mike.2、A: _ pen is it B:Its mine.3、A: _ is the diary B:Its under the chair.4、A: _ is the Chirstmas Day B: Its on the 25th of December. 5、A: _ are the earphones B:They are 25 yuan. 6、A: _ is the cup B:Its blue. 7、A: _ is it today B:Its Sunday.8、A: _ was it yesterday B: It w

29、as the 13th of October. 9、A: _ this red one B:Its beautiful.12. A:_ is your cousin B: Hes 15 years old. 13、A:_ do you have dinner B: At 6 oclock 综合练习The children have a good time in the park. 否认句：_ 一般疑问句：_1. There is only one problem. 否认句：_一般疑问句：_ 确定/否认答复：_7.She has some bread for lunch today. 否认句：_

30、 一般疑问句：_确定/否认答复：_ . 句型转换题1. The girl is singing in the classroom.( 改为否认句） 改为一般疑问句5. I can speak English.(改为一般疑问句） 6. I am writing now.(同上）7. I have a desk and a chair.(用He做主语改写句子）8. She is buying some food in the supermarket.（改为否认句） 10. Does she like growing flowers （赐予否认答复） 课时三英语名词单数变复数的规则一、绝大多数的可数

31、名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变更：结尾是清辅音读s，结尾是浊辅音或元音读z。例：friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces二、但凡以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。读音变更：统一加读iz。例：busbuses; quizquizzes; foxfoxes; matchmatches; flashflashes三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y变更为i，再加-es。读音变更：加读z。例：candycandies; daisydaisies; fairyfairies

32、; ladyladies; storystories四、以-o结尾的名词，假如不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。读音变更：加读z。例：tomatotomatoes; potatopotatoes; torpedotorpedoes; bingobingoes反例：silosilos; pianopianos（外来词）; photophotos; 五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe变更为-ves，但有例外。读音变更：尾音f改读vz。例：knifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves; staffstaves; scarfscarves反例：ro

33、ofroofs六、局部单词的复数形式不变。读音变更：保持原音。例：fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer;七、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。读音变更：没有规律。例：manmen; womanwomen; childchildren; personpeople; oxoxen八、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词例： footfeet; manmen mousemice; toothteeth; womanwomen九、有些名词是单数、复数不分的例：deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout

34、 鳟鱼十、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery机械; news; scenery风景; sugar;traffic交通十一、另一些名词则以复数词出现的时机较多例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀trousers长裤; wages工资十二、若表达详细数目，要借助数量词例：pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pai

35、rs of trousers十三、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特殊意思，例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼十四、除人民币元、角、格外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters以O结尾的词，很多加es构成复数，特殊是一些常用词如：heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes 但下面几类词只加s：1.以

36、“元音+o”或“oo”结尾的词 如:videos,radios,studios,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos, 2. 一些外来词，特殊是音乐方面的词，如：pianos, 3. 一些缩写词和专出名词，如：kilos,photos, 写出下列名词复数leaf_ puppy_ box_ knife_ fly_ fox_ bus_ bench_ brush_ kiss_ church_ dish_ ruler_ peach_ glass_ pencil_ boy_ zoo_ man_ roof_ sheep_ knife_ lady_ key_ story_ watch_ bamboo

37、_ city_ family_ day_ apple_ eraser_ speech_ thief_ mouse_ fish_ goose_ people _ ox_ Chinese _ deer _ foot_ child_ tooth_ guy_ hero_ spy_ boss_ monkey_ city _ goat _ radio _ horse _ dog _用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1There are so many_(wolf)in the forest.2There are three _(chair) in the classroom.3These _(tomato) are red. 4_(hero) are great.5My brother looks after two _(baby)6There are some _(deer) eating the grass.7My father likes to eat _(potato).8Chinese _(people)like to eat noodles.9I have a lot of _(toy) in my bedroom.10I help my mother wash _(dish) in t