2022年初中英语主谓一致考点讲解和练习打印 .pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载主谓一致讲解和训练谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和临近一致原则。一、 “三个一致”原则1. 语法一致的原则1 以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:He goes to school early every morning. The children are playing outside. To work hard is necessary for a student. (2)由 and或 bothand连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复

2、数。例如:Both he and I are right. Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. The poet and writer has come. (3)由 and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:In our country every boy and every girl has the right to re

3、ceive education. Each man and each woman is asked to help. (4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. Bread and butter is a daily food in the west. (5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, c

4、attle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:A lot of people are dancing outside. The police are looking for lost boy. (6)由 each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如:Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone. (7)有两部分构成的物体的名词, 如 glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。例如:Where

5、 are my shoes? I can t find them. Your trousers are dirty. You d better change them. 如果这类名词前用了a pair of 等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair 的单复数形式。例如:Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed. 2. 意义一致的原则(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:Twenty years is not a long time. Ten d

6、ollars is too dear. (2)有些集合名词,如family, team 等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如:My family is big one. My family are watching TV . (3)不定代词由 all, most, more, some, any, none 作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:All of the work has been finished. All of

7、 the people have gone. (4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如:Who is your brother? Who are League members? (5) “分数或百分数 +of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of 后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如:It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women. Three fourths of the surface of the ea

8、rth is sea. (6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如:I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult. Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick. (7)由 what 引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -

9、 - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载语动词用复数形式。例如:What she said is correct. What she left me are a few old books. (8)凡是以“定冠词 +形容词(或分词)”作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. The dead is a famous person. 3. 邻近一致 (就近一

10、致 )的原则(1)由连词 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, not but 等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。例如:Either you or I am right. Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it. (2)在“ There be ” 句型中 ,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 There are two apples and one egg in it. (3)as well as 和名词连用时

11、,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。He as well as I is responsible for it. 不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。(4)以 here开头的句子,其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。Here is a letter and some books for you. 主谓一致谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,邻近一致(就近一致 )的原则。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载主谓一致常考情况1. 单数名词 (代词

12、),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式;复数名词(代词 )作主语,谓语用复数形式。The desk _( is / are)Toms. 这张桌子是汤姆的。Some water _(is / are)in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。The students _(is / are)playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。2. more than one + 单数名词作主语,表示不只一个。.谓语用单数。Many a + 单数名词作主语,表示很多的., 谓语用单数More than one student _ (has / hav

13、e)ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。Many a student come /comes to help us. 3. 表示时间,金钱,价格,距离,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。Two months _(is / are) a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。Twenty pounds _(is / are)not so heavy. 2 0 磅并不太重。Ten miles _(is / are)not a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离。Five mi

14、nus four _ (is / are)one. 5 减 4 等于 1。4. 主语是 each/every+单数名词 +and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。Each boy and each girl _ (has / have) got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Every man and every woman _ (is / are)at work.每个男人和女人都在工作。5. one and a half + 复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half hours _(is / are)enough. 一个半小时足够了。

15、6. 动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。To see _(is / are) to believe. 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises _(is / are)good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。7. a/an+单数名词 +or two 作主语,谓语动词用单数。 A student or two _ (like / likes )to listen to this new teacher s class. 一两个学生喜欢听这位新老师的课。8. 当 with,together with ,along with ,as well as

16、,besides,except,but,like 等介词或介词短语连接并列的主语时,谓语动词遵循就远原则一般应与第一个名词的单复数保持一致。Mike with his father _ (has / have)been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike, like his brother, _ (enjoy / enjoys)playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。The students as well as the teacher _(was / were)present at the meeting.开会的时候,学生们和老师都在场。9.

17、 由 and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但 and 所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词 +and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词 +and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。The writer and teacher _ (is / are)coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher _ (is / are)coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) A knife and fork _ (is / are

18、)on the table. 桌子上放着一副刀叉。10. people, police 等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;family, class, group, team 等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个一个的具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载People here _( is / are)very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 His family _ (is / are)not large. 他家的人不多。 My fami

19、ly all _ ( like / likes )watching TV . 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。11. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing 作主语,谓语动词用单数。_(Is / Are)everyone here today? 今天大家到齐了吗?Something _( is / are)wrong with him. 他有毛病。Nobody _(was / were)in. 没有人在家。12. each,

20、 either, neither, another, the other 作主语,谓语动词用单数。Each of them _(has / have)an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neither answer _( is / are)correct. 两个答案都不正确。13. 以 s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news, maths, physics 等。 No news _(is / are)good news. 没有消息就是好消息。Maths _( is / are)very popular in our class 在我

21、们班数学很受欢迎。14. 由 bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;由or, eitheror,neither nor, not onlybut also, notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则 决定谓语动词形式。但是如果either, each, neither 作主语,则动词为单数形式。 Either my wife or I _ (am / is / are)going. Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else _ (know / knows ) the answer. Not only you but also

22、 he _ (is / are) ready to leave. Each of us _(has / have)got a new story book. Neither of the books _ ( is / are)very interesting. 15. 如果主语是由 “a series of, a kind of, a portion of+ 等+名词”构成时, 动词一般用单数形式。但 a number of +名词复数,表示大量的,很多的 动词要用复数形式; 而 the number of + 复数名词作主语,表示.的数量,谓语动词用单数。A number of studen

23、ts _( is / are)going to visit this place of interest. The number of the students _(is / are)over 800 16以 here,there 开头的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。 There _(is / are) a book and three pens on the desk. Here _(is / are)some books and paper for you. 17. the+形容词表示一类人时,the + 姓氏名词复数在作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;。 The

24、 poor _(is / are)very happy, but the rich _ (is / are)sad. The Blacks (enjoy /enjoys) working in China. 主谓一致谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,邻近一致(就近一致 )的原则。主谓一致常考情况1. 单数名词 (代词 ),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式;复数名词(代词 )作主语,谓语用_形式。The desk _( is / are)Toms. 这张桌子是汤姆的。Some water _(is / are)i

25、n the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载The students _(is / are)playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。2. more than one + 单数名词作主语,表示不只一个。.谓语用 _。Many a + 单数名词作主语,表示很多的., 谓语用 _. More than one student _ (has / have)ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过

26、北京。Many a student come /comes to help us. 3. 表示时间,金钱,价格,距离,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用 _形式。Two months _(is / are) a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。Twenty pounds _(is / are)not so heavy. 2 0 磅并不太重。Ten miles _(is / are)not a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离。Five minus four _ (is / are)one. 5 减 4 等于

27、 1。4. 主语是 each/every+单数名词 +and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用_形式。Each boy and each girl _ (has / have) got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Every man and every woman _ (is / are)at work.每个男人和女人都在工作。5. one and a half + 复数名词作主语,谓语动词用_形式。One and a half hours _(is / are)enough. 一个半小时足够了。6. 动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用_形式。To see _

28、(is / are) to believe. 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises _(is / are)good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。7. a/an+单数名词 +or two 作主语,谓语动词用单数。 A student or two _ (like / likes )to listen to this new teacher s class. 一两个学生喜欢听这位新老师的课。8. 当 with,together with ,along with ,as well as,besides,except,but,like 等介词或介词短语连接

29、并列的主语时,谓语动词遵循就远原则一般应与第一个名词的_保持一致。Mike with his father _ (has / have)been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike, like his brother, _ (enjoy / enjoys)playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。The students as well as the teacher _(was / were)present at the meeting.开会的时候,学生们和老师都在场。9. 由 and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用_形式, 但 and 所连接

30、的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用_。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词 +and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词 +and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。The writer and teacher _ (is / are)coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher _ (is / are)coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) A knife and fork _ (is / are)on the table. 桌子上放着一副刀叉。10. people, p

31、olice 等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;family, class, group, team 等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个一个的具体成员时,谓语动词_形式。People here _( is / are)very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 His family _ (is / are)not large. 他家的人不多。 My family all _ ( like / likes )watching TV . 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。11. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyth

32、ing, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载作主语,谓语动词用_形式。_(Is / Are)everyone here today? 今天大家到齐了吗?Something _( is / are)wrong with him. 他有毛病。Nobody _(was / were)in. 没有人在家。12. each, either, neither, another, the other 作

33、主语,谓语动词用_ 形式。Each of them _(has / have)an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neither answer _( is / are)correct. 两个答案都不正确。13. 以 s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用_形式,如news, maths, physics 等。 No news _(is / are)good news. 没有消息就是好消息。Maths _( is / are)very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。14. 由 bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语

34、动词通常用_形式;由 or., eitheror, neithernor, not only but also, notbut,there .be . ,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则 决定谓语动词形式。但是如果either, each, neither 作主语,则动词为_形式。 Either my wife or I _ (am / is / are)going. Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else _ (know / knows ) the answer. Not only you but also he _ (is / are) ready

35、to leave. Each of us _(has / have)got a new story book. Neither of the books _ ( is / are)very interesting. 15. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, + 等+名词”构成时,动词一般用_形式。但a number of + 名词复数,表示大量的,很多的 动词要用 _形式 ; 而 the number of +复数名词作主语,表示.的数量,谓语动词用_形式。A number of students _( is / are)going to visit this pl

36、ace of interest. The number of the students _(is / are)over 800 16以 here,there 开头的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。 There _(is / are) a book and three pens on the desk. Here _(is / are)some books and paper for you. 17. the+形容词表示一类人时,the + 姓氏名词复数在作主语时,谓语动词用_形式; 。 The poor _(is / are)very happy, but the

37、rich _ (is / are)sad. The Blacks (enjoy /enjoys) working in China. 就近原则6 个:1. 2 3. 4. 5. 6. 就远原则8 个:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 主语是那些单词或短语时,谓语要用单数 形式:1. 2. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 主语是那些单词或短语时,谓语要用复数 形式:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 集合名词,既可以是单数也可以是复数的单词或短语1. 2. 3. 4. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页

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