用英语讲中国秦朝历史.docx

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1、用英语讲中国秦朝历史用英语讲中国秦朝历史秋连10BC,QinShiHuangdiedsuddenlyatShaqiuprefecture.最后一次巡视是在公元前210年与他的二儿子胡亥一起，秦始皇忽然于沙丘县逝世。Huhai,undertheadviceoftwohighofficials-theImperialSecretariatLiSi(李斯)andthechiefeunuchZhaoGao,forgedandalteredEmperorswill.在两位高级官员丞相李斯和太监总管赵高的建议下，胡亥篡改并伪造了秦始皇的遗照。ThefakeddecreeorderedQinShiHuang

2、sfirstson,theheirFusu(扶苏),tocommitsuicide,insteadnamingHuhaiasthenextemperor.假圣旨命令秦始皇的大儿子，公子扶苏自尽，胡亥成为了下一任皇帝。ThedecreealsostrippedthecommandoftroopsfromMarshalMengTian(蒙括)-afaithfulsupporterofFusu-andsentencedMengsfamilytodeath.圣旨还剥夺了大将军蒙恬扶苏的忠实支持者的军权并诛灭蒙恬一家。ZhaoGaostepbystepseizedthepowerofHuhai,effe

3、ctivelymakingHuhaiapuppetemperor.赵高一步步夺取了胡亥的权利，成功地让胡亥成为了一个傀儡皇帝。用英语讲中国秦朝：BurningofBooksandBuryingofScholars焚书坑儒AccordingtotheRecordsoftheGrandHistorian,aftertheFirstEmperorofQinannexedtheStateofQiandunifiedChinain221BC,hisChancellorLiSisuggestedsuppressingthefreedomofspeech,unifyingallthoughtsandpoli

4、ticalopinions.根据（史记）的记载，秦始皇吞并齐国并一统中国之后，他的丞相李斯建议压制演讲的自由，统一思想和政见。Thiswasjustifiedbyaccusationsthattheintelligentsiasangfalsepraiseandraiseddissentthroughlibel.这个建议被指责知识分子攀龙趋凤和进行文字诽谤的论点证实了它的合理性。Beginningin213B.C,allclassicworksoftheHundredSchoolsofThought-exceptthosefromhisown,theschoolofphilosophyknow

5、nasLegalism-weresubjecttoburning.公元前213年开场，百家争鸣的所有典籍，除了他所尊崇的法家学讲以外，全部被燃烧。LiSiproposedthatallhistoriesintheimperialarchivesexceptthosewrittenbytheQinhistoriansbeburned;李斯建议帝国档案馆里的所有史料，除去秦朝历史学家所撰写的，都应该被烧毁;thattheClassicofPoetry,theClassicofHistory,andworksbyscholarsofdifferentschoolsbehandedintotheloc

6、alauthoritiesforburning;包括（诗经）、（书经）和那些由诸子百家所写的著作都应被收至中央进行燃烧;thatanyonediscussingthesetwoparticularbooksbeexecuted;任何人议论这两本书都应被处死，任何人用过去的例子来挖苦当朝的政治都应被处死，他们的家人也应被行刑;thatthoseusingancientexamplestosatirizecontemporarypoliticsbeputtodeath,alongwiththeirfamilies;朝廷中有任何人知情不报同样该被治罪;thatauthoritieswhofailed

7、toreportcasesthatcametotheirattentionwereequallyguilty;那些没有按圣旨在30天内燃烧名单上书籍的人应被发配到北疆和犯人们一起修建长城。andthatthosewhohadnotburnedthelistedbookswithin30daysofthedecreeweretobebanishedtothenorthasconvictsworkingonbuildingtheGreatWall.在焚书期间唯一得以流传的书籍是有关医药、农业和占卜的。Theonlybookstobesparedinthedestructionwerebookson

8、medicine,agricultureanddivination.2、坑儒2.Burialofthescholars自从在寻找长生不老方法的经过中被两个炼金术士欺骗，秦始皇在放逐他们的第二年就在都城活埋了超过460个儒家学者，不过2世纪时卫宏又为这个数据增加了700个人。Afterbeingdeceivedbytwoalchemistswhileseekingprolongedlife,theFirstEmperorofQinorderedmorethan460oftheminthecapitaltobeburiedaliveinthesecondyearoftheproscription,

9、thoughanaccountgivenbyWeiHonginthe2ndcenturyaddedanother700tothefigure.太子扶苏劝谏讲，对于一个刚刚统一的国家，外敌还未平定，对尊崇孔子学讲的那些人采取这样严酷的刑法会造成不稳定。TheCrownPrinceFusucounseledthat,withthecountrynewlyunified,andenemiesstillnotpacified,suchaharshmeasureimposedonthosewhorespectConfuciuswouldcauseinstability.但是，他不仅无法改变秦始皇的想法，

10、甚至还被发配至边疆充军。However,hewasunabletochangehisfathersmind,andinsteadwassenttoguardthefrontierinadefactoexile.秦朝如此快速的毁灭就源于这些对于人权的剥夺。ThequickfalloftheQinDynastywasattributedtothisproscription.儒学思想在之后的汉代复兴并成为了中国封建社会的官方学讲。ConfucianismwasrevivedintheHanDynastythatfollowed,andbecametheofficialideologyoftheChineseimperialstate.然而，其他的思想学派却消失了。However,manyoftheotherschoolsofthoughtdisappeared.