第三方控制下实现量子隐形传输-符钰棋.pdf

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1、硕士学位论文论文题目 第三方控制下实现量子隐形传输研究生姓名 符钰棋指导教师姓名 方建兴（教授）专 业 名 称 光学学 号 20114208014论文提交日期 2014年4月第三方控制下实现量子隐形传输 中文摘要 I 第三方控制下实现量子隐形传输 中文摘要 自从1993年Bennett等人提出未知单粒子量子态的隐形传送方案以来，对于如何传送量子态人们已经进行了深入的理论和实验研究，并且获得了大量富有成效的理论和实验的进展。本论文详尽地阐述了与量子隐形传态有关的一些量子力学的基本概念及基本性质，回顾了传统的基于Bell态作为量子通道的单粒子态和多粒子态量子隐形传送的方案。在此基础上，考虑到Bel

2、l态的制备在实验上面临很大的困难，提出了外场驱动下以及在第三方控制下实现量子隐形传态的两种新方案，新方案在传送过程中不需要对粒子进行Bell基测量，即可最大概率的重现粒子最初的未知态。文章最后给出了量子隐形传态的最新研究进展，并对量子隐形传态的发展前景进行了展望。 在外场驱动下实现任意两粒子态隐形传送的方案中，本文选择以两粒子非最大纠缠态作为量子通道，不用考虑腔场耗散和外界热场环境的影响。在传送过程中通过控制时间，调节外场的频率，得到原子在腔场中的演化方程。最后引入一个辅助粒子，通过对单粒子的测量最大概率的重现两粒子最初的未知态，成功几率等于作为量子通道的部分纠缠态的较小叠加系数的模的平方的两

3、倍。 在第三方控制下实现任意两粒子态隐形传送方案中，本文采用两粒子最大纠缠态和三粒子部分纠缠态作为量子通道，其中作为通道的三粒子部分纠缠态可以由一般的GHZ态经过一个H门和CNOT门得到，并且与以往一般的三粒子通道相比，它可以传输更多的信息给接收者。发送者Alice在以Bell基为底的基础上对手中的粒子进行测量，然后把测量结果通过经典信道告诉控制者Charlie，Charlie以非最大纠缠Bell基为底，对粒子进行测量，把结果告诉接收者Bob，最后Bob对粒子进行相应的幺正变换，即可得到最初态。此方案通过加入控制者Charlie，取代传统辅助粒子的引入，采用非最大纠缠态作为量子通道，在Char

4、lie的控制下，有可能实现传输概率100%的完美传输。 中文摘要 第三方控制下实现量子隐形传输 II 关键词：量子隐形传态；量子纠缠；外场驱动；纠缠态；幺正变换 作 者：符钰棋 指导教师：方建兴 The realization of quantum teleportation under the control of a third party Abstract III The realization of quantum teleportation under the control of a third party Abstract Since 1993 Bennett et al pro

5、posed a scheme for teleporting an unknown single- particle quantum state, for how to transfer quantum states has been conducted in-depth theoretical and experimental studies has got a lot of fruitful progress in theory and experiment. This thesis describes the basic concepts and properties related t

6、o quantum teleportation of quantum mechanics in detail, and makes a review of traditional schemes for single qubit and multi-qubit teleportation using Bell states as quantum channel. On this basis, as the preparation of Bell states faces great difficulties in experiment, we propose two new programs

7、for teleportation in driven field and under the control of a third party respectively, the new programs can reproduce the maximum probability of the initial unknown state without the Bell-based measurements of the particles. Finally, we make a summary of the recent progress in quantum teleportation,

8、 and give an outlook of the fantastic topic. In the program for teleportation in driven field, we choose a two-particle non- maximally entangled state as the quantum channel without considering the impact of cavity dissipation and external environment. We get the evolution equation of the atoms in t

9、he cavity field by controlling time and adjusting the frequency of external field. At last, we introduce an auxiliary particle to reproduce the maximum probability of the initial unknown state by measuring the single particle, the probability of success is equal to twice the square of partially enta

10、ngled smaller superposition coefficients matrix. In the program for teleportation under the control of a third party, we choose a set of two-qubit maximally entangled states and three-qubit partially entangled states as a shared quantum channel, the three-qubit partially entangled states where as th

11、e channel can be Abstract The realization of quantum teleportation under the control of a third party IV physically realized from the generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states by performing a H (Hadamard) gate and a CNOT gate on it, more importantly, compared to the channels of the genera

12、l three-particle states, our states allow the transfer of a maximum number of bits from the sender to the receiver. The sender Alice measures his qubits in the Bell basis, then tells the measurement results to controller Charlie from the a classical channel, now Charlie measures his qubits in the pa

13、rtially entangled Bell basis, and tells Bob of the results, at last in order to recover the teleported states successfully, Bob needs to perform a corresponding unitary transformation. In addition, this program uses a non-maximally entangled states as a shared channel by introducing controller Charl

14、ie instead of an auxiliary particle, under the control of Charlie, the probability of the successful quantum teleportation may reach 100%. Keywords: Quantum teleportation; Quantum entanglement; External driven field; Entangled states; Unitary transformation Written by: Fu Yuqi Supervised by: Fang Ji

15、anxing 目 录 中文摘要 . I Abstract . III 第一章 引 言 . 1 1.1 量子纠缠与量子隐形传态 . 1 1.2 本论文的研究目的和主要内容 . 5 参考文献 . 7 第二章 量子隐形传态的相关概念 . 10 2.1 量子态的不可克隆定理 . 10 2.2 量子纠缠及非定域性原理 . 10 2.3 Bell基及其测量 . 12 2.4 量子隐形传态的实现过程 . 13 参考文献 . 15 第三章 外场驱动下实现任意两粒子态传送 . 16 3.1 理论模型与实现方案 . 16 3.2 任意单粒子的隐形传态 . 18 3.3 任意单粒子的概率隐形传态 . 19 3.4 任意两粒子的隐形传态 . 21 参考文献 . 26 第四章 在第三方控制下实现量子隐形传输 . 28 4.1 新型三粒子部分纠缠态 . 28 4.2 任意两粒子的隐形传态 . 30 4.3 平均保真度的计算 . 34 参考文献 . 36