(整理版高中英语)第三册Unit2Crossinglimits.doc

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1、第三册Unit 2 Crossing limitsI单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇:1evaluation 2sick 3puzzIed;puzzIing 4variety;different 5equipment 6we8lth 7o riginal 8exist9abie 1 Osuggestion高考须掌握的短语:1:in 2respect 3possession 4rich 5run 6set 7of 8equipped 9apart loexchange l1return12under 13up 14refer考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川考点详解 精剖细解 入

2、巿三分一、重点词汇1puzzIe n难题;谜 vt使困惑;使糊涂eg: Its quite a puzzIe to us why he did that他为何做那样的事,我们完全搞不懂。 This sentence puzzles me这个句子令我困惑。 I was puzzled hOW to solve the problem我不知道怎样解决这个问题。相关链接:puzzling adj令人困惑的puzzIed adj感到迷惑的用法拓展:sthpuzzle曲某事使某人困惑Sbbe puzzled某人感到困惑的特别提醒:puzzled expression困惑的表情 puzzIing expr

3、ession令人困惑的表情案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三考题1 (典型例题The question is so difficult that there Was expression on the students faces Apuzzle Bpuzzling Cpuzzled Dto puzzle2suggest vt向提议;建议;暗示 eg:Are you suggesting that Im not suited for the job?你是在暗示说我不适合那项工作吗? May l suggest going there by train?我建议大家坐火车去那里如何? I suggest

4、 to him that he should join the club我建议他应参加俱乐部。相关链接:suggestion n建议用法拓展:suggest doing sth建议做 suggest sthto s1)向某人建议 suggest thatshould建议某人干 It is suggested that should建议 make a suggestion thatshould建议特别提醒:suggest当“建议讲,后面接从句时用(should)+动词原形的虚拟语气;而当“暗示讲用陈述语气。考题2-1 (典型例题)His pale face sug-gested that he

5、ill and we all suggested that he at home for a few days. A. be; stayed B. was; stay C. was; stayed D. be; stay考题2-2 (典型例题)The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given 考题21点拨:答案为B。根据题意第一个suggest表示。暗示;说明,

6、应用陈述语气;而第二个suggest表示“建议应用(should) +动词原形,可以省略should。句意为“他苍白的面容说明他病了,我们建议他应该呆在家里休息几天。 专题22点拨:答案为C。suggestion后的同位语从句应谊用“shDuld+动词原形,叉因students与give是被动关系,应选be given。 总结提示:弄清suggest的含义是解题的关键。 3command nvt命令;指挥eg: The general commanded his men to attack the city将军命令部下攻城。 He commanded that we should come a

7、t once他命令我们立刻来。 we are all under the command of him我们都由他指挥。相关链接:commander n司令员;指挥员用法拓展:command sbto do sth命令某人干某事 command thatshould do 命令干 under the command of由指挥特别提醒:command后面接从句时,从句用should+动词原形,should可以省略。考题3 ( 典型例题 分 ) How dare he command you here? -Dont you know that we are all the command of h

8、im? A. stay; with B. to stay; with C. to stay; under D. staying; under考题3点拨;答案为C。此题考查command sbto do sth及under the command of两个短语句意为:“他怎么敢命令你们呆在这儿?-难道你不知道我们都由他来指挥?总结提示:掌握command的用法。 二、重点短语4run out用完;耗尽eg: The ink has run out墨水已用完了。用法拓展:run OUt of用完use up用完特别提醒:run out为不及物动词短语;run out of为及物动词短语。考题4 (

9、典型例题We have to re-turn ahead of what we have planned, for the food we brought here A. is run.out B. was running out C, runs out of D. is running out考题4点拨:答案为D。从we have ti return ahead of what we have planned可知,食物不够用要提前退回。用现在进行时表将来。 句意为;“我们不得不提前返回因为我们带的食物快吃完了。 总结提示:分清run out和run Out of两短语。5apart ftom

10、除开;除外尚有eg: Apart from a few fauIts。he is a respectable teacher Apart from the costthe dress doesnt suit me姑且不管价格,这件衣服也不适合我穿。特别提醒:apart ftom既含有except for的含义,又含有besidesin addition to的含义。考题5 Tom and Jill, ten other students of this class took part in the sports meet. A. Except B. But C. Apart from D. A

11、s well考题5点拨:答案为c。此题关键抓住ten other StUdents。另外10个学生排除掉A,而apart ftom表示“除了还有。句意为:“除了汤姆和吉尔。这个班还有lO个同学参加了运动会。 总结提示: apart from“除了还有。6In exchange for变换;互换eg: He gave me a pen in exchange for my book他用钢笔换我的书。 Nowadays yotl can return a used TV set in exchange for a new one现在你可以用旧电视机换新电视机了。用法拓展:exchangefor用换

12、 in exchange for交换,互换特别提醒:exchangefor中exchange是动词;in exchange for中 exchange为名词。考题6 (典型例题 分 )-Your watch looks nice, Sister. Can I exchange my watch yours? -You mean, you give me yours mine. A. with; in exchange with B. for; in exchange for C. in; exchange for D. for; exchange for考题6点拨:答案为B。此题考查excha

13、nge一for一“用换; in exchange for“交换。句意为:“姐姐,你的表真好看。我可以用我的表换你的吗? “你的意思是你用你的表换我的。总结提示录:记住exchangefor和in exchange for的搭配使用。 三、重点句型 7Zheng He sent a message to the king and to other African states,inviting them to send ambassadors and open embassies in the new Ming capital。Beijing郑和向这位国王和其他非洲国家发出了邀请,请他们派使者来

14、, 并在明朝京城开设使馆。 inviting引导现在分词短语用作状语,对前面局部起补充说明。 eg: He pinned a/nessage on my door,readingCall me Iater,John 他在我家门上贴了一信息,上面写着:“晚些时候打 给我,约翰。 It rained nonstop for ten days,compIetely ruining our holiday大雨连续下了10天,完全破坏了我们的假期。 At the end of 典型例题re around 3000 foreign printing eompanies in China,making up

15、 around 2 percent of national totai到典型例题,000家外国印刷厂,占全国总数的大约2。特别提醒:此种现在分词的用法在近年的模拟题及高考题中频繁出现。是考查分词的一个热点。应特别注意。考题7 European football is played in 80 countries, it the most popular sport ,in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make四、词语辨析8look up,refer to look up和refer to都可作“查阅讲,但look up的宾语不能是di

16、ctionary而应说 look up a word in the dictionary,但可以说refe rto the dictionary。特别提醒:refer to与look up所接的宾语不同refer to还有“谈到,涉及之意。考题8(典型例题) If you dont know what this loord means, the dictionary. A. look up B. refer to C. point to D. look out考题8点拨:答案为B。refer to the dictionary,而look up不与dictionary连用。句意为:“如果你不知

17、道这单词什幺意思请查阅字典。总结提示:look up的宾语不能是dictionary,而refer to的宾语是dictionary。语法归纳 精通规那么 游刃有余本单元语法重点是句子成分谓语 谓语的正确使用主要涉及动词的时态与语态,现将动词的时态与语态的考查归纳如下: 1一般现在时 (1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。 eg: The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun Water boils at 100水在100时沸腾。 (2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作多用动作

18、动词 且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 eg: We always care for each other and help each other我们总是互相关心。互相帮助。 Ice feels cold冰摸上去是冷的。 (3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时:see、hear、smell、taste、 feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong、depend、seem等。 eg: I know what you mean我知道你的意思。 (4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if

19、引导的条件状语从句 中可以用shall或will表“意愿,但不表示时态。 eg: If you will accept my invitation and come to our party,my family will be pleased如果你愿 意接受我的邀请并参加我们的舞会,我的家人会非常快乐。 (5)少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、open、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示一个按规定、方案或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排,肯定会出现的状态,只用一般现在时。 eg

20、: The shop closes at 11:00 pmevery day这个商店每天晚上11点关门。 Tomorrow is Wednesday明天是星期三。考题1 (典型例题) -When will you come to see me, Dad.? -I will go to see you when I the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish 2一般过去时 (1)一般过去时的根本用法:表示过去的事情、动作或状态。常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语

21、境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去时。 eg: I met her in the street yesterday昨天我在街上遇到她。 I thought the film would be interestingbut it isnt 我原以为这电影会很有趣。但实际不是。 (2)如果从句中有一个表示过去的时问状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生但从句中的谓 语动词仍用过去时。 eg: He told me he heard an interesting story last night 他告诉我昨天晚上他听到了一个有趣的故事。 (3)表示两个紧接着发

22、生的动作,常由以下词语连接用一般过去时。 but,and,when。as soon as。immediately,the moment,the minute。 eg: The moment she came in,she told me what had happened to her她一进来就告诉我在她身上发生了什么事。 He bought a watch but lost|t_他买了一只手表但丢了。 (4)常用一般过去时的句型: Why didnt you/I think of that?为何你/我没想到呢? eg: I forgot to tell you 1 had been ther

23、e with my brother before我忘记告诉你以前我和我的兄弟去过那里。 I didnt recogize him我没认出他。 3一般将来时 (1)表示未来的动作或状态。常用will/shall+动词原形(常与表示将来的时间状语连用如tomorrow、next week等)。 eg: Well have an exam in June六月份我们将有一次考试。 (2)表示一种趋向或习惯动作。 eg: Well die without air or water没有空气或水,我们会死。 (3)表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示

24、将来时。 eg:The Spring Festival is coming春节快到了。 (4)be going to与will/shall,be to do,be about to do用法及区别: be going to表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已经做了某种准备;shall/will do表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。 be gomg to表将来不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will那么能,表意愿。 eg: If it is fine,well go fishing(正确) lf it is finewe are going to go fi

25、shing(错误)如果天气好我们就去钓鱼。 be to do sth表按方案、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。 eg: A meeting is to be held at 3 oclock this afternoon今天下午3点将会召开一次会议。 be about to do sth表示“即刻就要后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。 eg:Autumn harvest is about to start秋收就要开始了。4现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在发生着的动作;表示现阶段正在进行但不一定是发生在讲话时;表近期特定的安排或方案;go、come等起止动词可用进行时代替将来

26、时。 eg: He is teaching English and learning Chinese他在教英语同时在学汉语。 We are leaving on Friday我们周五离开。 The girl is always talking loud in public那个女孩总是在大庭广众之下大声喧哗。(现在进 行时与always、often等频度副词连用,表达某种感情色彩) (2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。(A)表示心理状态、情感的动词:like,love,hate,care, remember,believe,want,mind,wishagreemean,need等。(B)表存在

27、的状态的动词:appear。exist1ie,emain,seem,belong to,depend on等。(c)表示瞬间性动作的动词:allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete等。(D)表示感官的动词:seehear,no tice。feel,smell,sound,tastelook等。5过去完成时 (1)常用过去完成时的几种情况: (A)在by、 by the end、by the time、until、before、since等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。 eg:By the end of last year,we had

28、 produced 20,000 cars到去年年底,我们生产了两万辆车。 The train had left before we reached the station在我们到达车站之前,火车已经开走了。 (B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即:hoped/planned+to have done。 (c)“时间名词+before在句子中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时;“时间名词+ago在句中作状语谓语动词用一般过去时。 eg: X

29、iao Hua left school 3 years ago小华在3年前退学了。 (D)表示“一就的几个句型:Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had+主语+过去分词+when/than/before+一般过去时。 eg: We had no sooner been seated than the bus started=No sooner had we been seated than the bus started我们一坐下车就开了。 (2)在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。 eg: After he(had)left the

30、room。the boss came in他离开房间后,老板进来了。We arrived home before it snowed在下雪之前我们就到家了。6过去将来时 参照一般将来时比照:用would do、was/were going to do sth表过去将来;come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时;was/were to do sth和was/were about to do sth表过去将来。7过去进行时 (1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。 (2)某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生。其中一个在由when或while引导的表示过去的时间状语从句中。8

31、现在完成时 (1)现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外,还可以和下面的介词短语连用:during/in/over the last/past few years(months,weeksdays)、in recent years等。 (2)以下句型中常用现在完成时: Il is(has been)+一段时间+since从句 This(That/lt)is the first(second)time that+完成时 This(That/lt)is the only+that+完成时 This(This/It)is the best/finest/most interesting

32、+that从句+完成时 (3)在时间或条件状语从句中现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。 eg: I shall post the letter as soon as I have finished it我一写完信,就去寄。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped等车停稳了,再下车。9被动语态 (1)被动语态的构成方式:be+过去分词,口语中也有用get/become+过去分词表示。 (2)被动语态的根本用法:不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者时常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。 (3)使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题:

33、 (4)主动变被动时双宾语的变化。 eg: My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday =An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday=I was given an interesting book(by my friend)on my birthday 在我的生日聚会上,我的朋友送我一本有趣的书。 。 (B)主动变被动时,宾补成主补(位置不变);(作补语的)不定式前需要加to。 eg: The boss made him work all day l

34、ong =He was made to work aIl day long(by the boss) 那个老板强迫他工作一整天。 (C)短语动词变被动语态时,勿掉“尾巴。 eg: The children were taken good care of(by her)孩子们被(她)照顾得很好。 Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to你应该注意你的发音和拼写。 (D)情态动词和be going to、be to be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语 态,只需将它们后

35、面的动词原形变为be+过去分词。 (E)当句子的谓语为say、beIieve、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时,被动语态有两种形式:一是谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。二是用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。 特别提醒:不能用被动语态的几种情况: 所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。 表示状态的谓语动词 eg:last、hold benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、look like、consist of等。 表示归属的动词eg:have、own、belong to等。

36、 表示“希望、意图的动词eg:wish、want、hope、like、Iore、hate等。 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。 宾语是同源宾语,不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。 有些动词以其主语形式表示被动意义。特别是当主语是物时,常见的这类动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。考题2 (典型例题)-I hear Jane has gone to the Ho-ly Island for her holiday. -Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ? A. was leaving B. had le

37、ft C. has left D. left考题3 You have left the light on. -Oh, so I have. and turn it off. A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going考题4 -Is this raincoat yours.? No, mine there be- hind the door. A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung考题5 The little girl because she her toy bear and believed she wasn

38、t ever going to find it. A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lost C: has cried; has lost D. cried; has lost考题6 (典型例题-You were out then I dropped in at your office. Oh, I for a friend from England at the airport. A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited考题7 I wonder why Jenny to us recen

39、tly. We should have heard from her by now. A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written考题8 Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose考题9 The new suspension bridge by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. w

40、as designed D. would be designed考题1点拨;答案为D。在时间和务件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替将来时。句意为:“爸爸,你什么时候来看我?我一完成培训 班就去看你。考题2点拨:答案为D。根据Jane has gone to一表示已经走了,所以leave这个动作已成为过去故用一般过去时。句意为:“我听说简去Holy岛度假了。嗅,太好了,你知道她什么时候走的吗?考题3点拨:答案为A。从so I have可以看出“现在就去关灯表示将来的动作。句意为:。你忘记关灯了。噢,确实是,我这就去关灯。 考题4点拨:答案为A。强调说话时“我的雨衣的状态。句意为:。这是你的雨衣吗?不

41、是,我的正挂在门后。考题5点拨:答案为B。丧失玩具发生在哭之前故用过去完成时。句意为:“这女弦哭了,因为她把玩具熊弄丢了,并且认为再也找不到了。考题6点拨:答案为A。从第一句话暗示出当我拜访你的时候,那时你在做什么。所以用过去进行时。句意为:“当我去看你时,你出去了。噢那时我正在机场等一位来自荚格兰的朋友。 考题7点拨:答案为A。从recently可知此题时态用现在完成时。句意为:“我想知道珍妮最近为何不给我们写信?我们现在本应收到她的信了。考题8点拨:答案为B。根据题意“如果工厂关闭,上千项工作会失去。工作失去为被动。故用被动结构。考题9点拨:答案为B。从时间状语by the end of

42、Iast month判断出,应用过去完成时,而主语b ridge与design为被动关系,应选B。 句意为“这个新吊桥上月底就设计出了。总结提示:正确理解各个时态的含义及其构成形式,同时记住它们各自的被动形式。IV专题探究 由点及面 由表及里专题探究:听力技巧:就餐(taking meals)专题详解:饮食与人们息息相关,就餐的话题必不可少。不管在餐馆就餐还是在朋友家吃饭,大家都应注意使用恰当的用语,表达清楚自己的用意。其常用表达法: (1)A table for tWO,pIease请找一张两人的桌子。 Can I have/take the table by the window?我能坐靠

43、窗的桌子吗? This table is free/not taken这张桌子没人。 Your tabIes teady,sIr先生,您的桌位好了。 Can/May I take your order(now)?您现在点菜吗?考题1 What did the man say about the coffee? A. He would like a cup of coffee. B. He seldom drinks coffee. C. He cant have a cup of coffee.(2)What would you like(to have)?您想要什么? Would you like something(to eat/drink)?你想(吃/喝)什么? And what to follow?/Anything else?您还要点其他的吗? Today,weve got/Therestoday今天,我们有菜。 Todays special is今天的特价菜是(3)ld like/love/prefer(to have一)我想要Two eggs,please两个鸡蛋。考题2 Where are the two .speakers? A. At a store. B. At a restaurant. C. At a grocers.考题1点拨;答案为A。根

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