明治维新讲稿.docx

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1、明治维新讲稿 明治维新 Hello everyone, today I will introduce the Meiji Restoration.Imperialismmprlz()m From eighteen sixty eight to nineteen hundred I will introduce the Meiji Restoration from the following three parts The Contrast of the Meiji Restoration and Hundred days reform From 1192 to 1867, the histor

2、y of Japan in the military feudalfjudl rule of the shogunateonet politics period, experienced three generations of shogunate rule.公园1192年到1867年,日本历史处在军事封建统治的”幕府政治”时期,经验三代幕府的统治.Kamakura,k:mkur Since1600, Tokugawa Shogunate(德川幕府) had followed a policy of isolationism aslenzm.Shoguns had closed Japan o

3、ff to foreign traders and miionaries and did not allow Japanese to travel overseas.or even prohibit the manufacture of ships suitable for ocean-going navigation.1600年起先,德川幕府实行孤立主义.幕府首领禁止日本向外通商,禁止基督教徒传教,禁止日本人出国旅游,甚至禁止制造适合远洋航行的船舶 Many Japanesefelt this was the best way to preserve Japanese culture and

4、 independence 很多日本人认为这是爱护日本文化和独立的最好方法 But as European colonialism spread throughout Asia, it became obvious that Japanese isolation could not last forever 但是当欧洲殖民主义传播到亚洲时,日本的孤立不行能恒久存在已经自不待言.黑船事务 However, The nations policy of isolationismwas abruptly brptli challenged in 1853 when Commodore kmdPerry

5、per sailed into Tokyo tkj Bay with four veels ves()lz known as black ships. 然而，国家的孤立主义政策，封闭的国家,在1853年收到了挑战，当马修佩里乘四艘令人惊羡的铁船被称为“黑船”进入东京湾。 In 1853, a fleet of American ships commanded by Commodore Matthew Perry sailed to Tokyo demanding the Japanese open their ports for trade Japan and the United State

6、s signed the “Kanagawa Treaty”(神奈川条约), open two ports, and give the most favored nation treatment 日本和美国签订了神奈川条约并且开放了下田和函馆两个港口 Faced with superior military technology, Japan were compelled to sign trade treaties with the United States and other Western countries. Many of the treaties were unequal, wh

7、ich betrayed the national interests of Japan,making the civilians life more difficult.All of these had provoked the Japanese peoples opposition against the shogun.面对优良的军事技术，日本被迫与美国和其他西方国家签署贸易条约。 很多条约是不同等的，它背叛了日本的国家利益，使平民的生活更加困难。全部这些都激起了日本人民反对幕府的反对。 In the shogunate emperoremp()r is only a puppet ppt

8、, not in charge of power.说明前两条傀儡和实权 在幕府时期天皇只是傀儡，没有执掌大权 General control of political rights, is the true sense of the Emperor 将军驾驭政权,是真正意义上的天皇 有些大名从事工商业 日本经济状况恶化，武士产生负面心情 农夫和平民越来越穷，有抗拒的势头 商人和地主拥有大量财宝但没有权力 In 1868, the southwest of the princes prns led soldiers surrounded the palace pls, to disarmed t

9、he Tokugawa shogunate in the palace guard armed.As a result, the shogun was overthrown and replaced with the Japanese Emperor 1868年，西南各诸侯率领士兵包围皇宫，解除德川幕府驻后宫警卫队的武装。最终幕府政府被日本君主推翻替代.People surrounded the young Meiji Emperor, held a meeting, declared dkled the power to the emperor.Emperor Meiji immediate

10、ly iued an edict, decided to establish a new central government led by him, and appointed the 西乡隆盛 and Okubo大久保利通 pa these reform in charge of government affairs.他们蜂拥着年少的明治天皇，召开会议，宣布大权全归天皇驾驭。明治天皇随即颁布诏书，确定建立由他领导的新的中心政府，并委派西乡隆盛和大久保利通这些改革派主管政事。 This ”restoration” of the Emperor is perhaps the most impo

11、rtant turning point in Japanese history 君主制的复辟或许是日本历史上最重要的转折 For the next manyyears, Meiji reformers succefully transformed Japan from a “backward” country into one of the richest and most powerful nations in the world 在今后44年内,明治维新改革胜利使得日本从落后国家转变为发达国家和世界上最有影响力的名族 Rather than reject the west as most

12、Asian nations had done, the Japanese sought to learn from Westerners and eventually beat them at their own game 与大多数亚洲国家选择不同,日本没有拒绝西方,日本试图向西方人学习,最终在他们自己的嬉戏中击败他们.Members of the Japanese government were sent abroad to study the government, economies, technologies, militaries, and customs of the west 日

13、本政府的成员被派到国外探讨政府经济,科技,军事,西方的习俗 其次部分明治维新内容 Under the leadership of the Meiji Emperor, Japan implemented a series of reform measures to gradually abolish the old feudal system, establish a new system to promote the development of capitalism, the history known as the Meiji Restoration 在明治天皇的带领下,日本推行了一系列

14、改革措施,逐步废除旧的封建体制,建立新的制度,促进了资本主义的发展,历史上称为明治维新 政府改革 On the political sector, The new government aimed to make Japan a democratic demkrtk state with equality among all its people.The boundaries between the social claes were gradually broken down.In 1889, a new constitution modeled after Germany was set

15、up 在政治领域，新政府的目的是使日本成为一个民主国家，人人同等。社会阶层之间的界限渐渐被打破。1889年, 仿照德国的新宪法成立 Consequently, the samuraism(j)ra (武士阶级) were the big losers of those social reforms since they lost all their privileges.The reforms also included the establishment of human rights such as religious freedom in 1873.因此，武士阶级是那些社会改革的主要失败

16、者，因为他们失去了全部的特权。改革还包括在1873年建立诸如宗教自由等人权。 经济改革 Following the lead of Britain and the United States, the Japanese built thousands of railroads, mines, and factories in the late nineteen century 继英国和美国的领导之后，日本在1800年末建成了数千条铁路，矿山和工厂 This is the Trend of GDP after the Meiji Restoration in Japan Japans econo

17、my has maintained a high growth rate of more than 6% after the Meiji Restoration Reform 日本经济始终保持6%以上的高速增长在明治维新改革以后 This is the world GPD in 1975 Japan after the Meiji Restoration of the total economy beyond Germany to become the worlds second 日本经过明治维新后经济总量超越德国成为世界其次 The following are the changes in

18、Japan before and after the Meiji Restoration 下面是维新前后日本改变 After the Meiji Restoration, peoples daily travel has been greatly changed 维新后人们出行有了很大改变 军事改革 A new military system was set up as well to replace the oldsamuraism(j)ra system.All able men were required to serve and the newest weaponry was adop

19、ted 成立了一个新的军事系统来取代旧的武士系统 全部实力的人都被要求从军,最新的武器被接受 In 1869, Japan built the first modern ship .By 1890, Japan had a powerful army and navy capable of expelling foreigners 1869年，日本建立的第一艘轮船“孝明丸”从筑地驶往横滨。 1890年,日本已经有了足够强的军队和能够驱除外国人的海军力气 第三部分维新对比-next is the contrast between Meiji restoration and hundred day

20、s reform The Meiji Restoration had a favorable international environment.It occurred in the mid-19th century, when the capitalist countries are busy colonizing klnaz in China and America They have no time for Japan.明治维新具有良好的国际环境。它发生在19世纪中叶，当时资本主义国家忙于在中国和美国殖民。他们没有时间去管日本。 The Hundred Days Reform occur

21、red in the late 19th century, when the capitalist countries had gone through the second industrial revolution and developed into theEmpireempa period.They were preparing to carve kv up China.戊戌变法发生在19世纪后期，当时资本主义国家已通过其次次工业革命走了,发展到帝国时期。他们打算瓜分中国。 The Japanese feudalfjudl forces were relatively weak but

22、 china feudal forces were powerful.It prevented the succe of the Chinese revolution 日本封建力气较弱,但中国封建力气很强,阻挡了中国改革.The policies of the Meiji Restoration were well implemented in Japan.明治复原的政策在日本得到了很好的实施。 Most of the policies had not been implemented in China for the reform only continued for 100 days.大多

23、数政策在中国没有实施，改革只持续了100天。 Chinas Hundred Days Reform learn Japans Meiji Restoration, but unfortunately, due to many negative factors it did not succeed, China ultimately failed on the capitalistkptlst road 中国的百日维新学习了日本的明治维新,但是很缺憾,由于诸多不利因素它没能胜利,中国最终也没能走上资本主义道路 明治维新讲稿 明治维新 明治维新（材料） 明治维新教案 日本明治维新教案 3 明治维新 教学设计 教案 日本明治维新练习题 日本明治维新_选修一解读 明治维新的举措教案1 第3课 明治维新说课稿 本文来源：网络收集与整理，如有侵权，请联系作者删除，谢谢！第11页 共11页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页